CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

3.1 Introduction/ Overview

This chapter describes numerous approaches used in data collection and analysis that
are relevant to the research. Quantitative methodology is the methodology used in this study.
The methodology will cover topics such as Types of Research, Research Design, Population,
Data Gathering Procedure, and Data Analysis Procedure.

The correlational approach was utilized in this study to investigate the association
between expenses and allowances among Senior High School students at Top Achievers
Private School, Inc. (TAPS Alicia). Explanations are also provided on how instruments were
verified and data was gathered and evaluated.

3.2 Research Approach and Design

This study utilizes the quantitative research method. A variety of techniques are included in
quantitative research, which is concerned with employing statistical or numerical data to
systematically examine social phenomena. As a result, quantitative research relies on
measurement and makes the assumption that the phenomena being studied can be quantified.
It aims to examine data for patterns and connections as well as to validate the measurements.
Rigid guidelines in the process of data gathering and analysis are crucial because quantitative
researchers perceive the world as an objective reality. Additionally, quantitative research is
described by Cohen (1980) as social research that makes use of empirical techniques and
claims. According to him, an empirical statement is one that describes what "is" the situation
in the "actual world," as opposed to what "ought" to be the situation. In quantitative research,
empirical evaluations are used as another factor. Typically, empirical statements are stated in
numerical terms. The phrase "empirical evaluation" refers to a process used to assess how
well or poorly a given program or policy actually adheres to a given standard or norm. In this
study, quantitative research were used to analyze and determine the correlation of expenses
and allowances of the senior high school students that will help them on their daily
necessities.
3.3 Population and Sample

According to Burns and Grove (1993:779), a population is defined as all elements

(individuals, objects and events) that meet the sample criteria for inclusion in a study. The
study population consisted of students’ correlation between allowance and expense of Senior
High School who study from TAPS Alicia, Isabela.

A convenient sample of 100-200 subjects was selected from the campus of TAPS Alicia,
Isabela. Mouton (1996:132) defines a sample as elements selected with the intention of
finding out something about the total population from which they are taken. A convenient
sample consists of subjects included in the study because they happen to be in the right place
at the right time (Polit & Hungler 1993:176). The sample included 87 Grade 11 students and
88 Grade 12 students. Available subjects were entered into the study until a sample size of
175 was reached. Subjects who met the sample criteria were identified by the researcher.

The sample size of 87 Grade 11 students and 88 Grade 12 students were the total of subjects
who were willing to participate in the research and who met the sampling criteria during the
period of data collection.