PRREFORM & MEN Gauring the Min conus Bee G prepoganaicsa such af Jove Rizal ond Manttine 1 de! Pilar wanted 1 call ovt Ane tponiardt 40 bring Yeform or modernity 40 the Philippines Goamey weren’’ aiven the feform af Spoin wat struggling within 4neir own country, Reform Movement Gwar done through literary (e.g. La fondaridlad) Shae on anti-friar tone or tentivnent (againet pricrtc) Teecoure of the overflowing influence of priects G Marcelo #. clet Artar wrote="MRODY of THE PRAYERS” Which mocked ape qrayers OAERAN 0 TOHRN) ‘+ Ang Amain Namin ‘Ke Ang Abo Ginoong Barua Ge ing Abo Fo santa. Paria ‘= Ang, Mga tic nq Prou\e (lng tpung ‘ter nq Hr 9 rayle wi bantam no tee fee beet 1. funag tang maggapahawak amauta wang, wgalang, deretior 9. Nangivin ka ta File tinge man ot testo * Morgta ono ong tatoutan mo ca paggaalbing 2a oma" Wo. 5. tuwong ‘org mamamatay Lang wala yang salaping pang, lieing, «tog “bata maviagrd 0 konyong arowa 4, Hunogg kong makinakaw 6, Huiag, mo ttong paguiviniongan, kan to matiriungatingan 4. fiwwing, mong, fpogkait 09 yong asowa fo, HWA, vnoNg, ongai ara, TYoRg, art + to ang, sampung vive rang Frail") datowa ang onaeeuian ‘4 omlaahin mo ang Fraile (alo sa taat 1, navi mo namon ca kanya ang par mo" Yayamonan, iyo maua nq manga Katong org ata, ong yangna' Iontogaler ay tate, Agalang, me... Aatokiulon, ome. al j2g manshan me... ANG FeAILe FRIALOCRACIA (frairocracy) Gaito called ta ererania monencal (menactic supremacy) G the mation in tne wailigfins demeively costed by toy Tinos (nit hoveele f del Pitan) whieh exposed Ye Wigh influence of ehuveh on tne cate Se becouse Hee Sponith fviaw oF monertic ordert vated “cuptme, even on governmental matters a Cowonwere war ane greie greatest wuence and Ane complere comvo\ of ame Clergy felt im ane. lowert Filipino bureaucratic level - the mumtiprd or pub. “The fotare were not only se dpanich priect, of “Pirstuah guidee, but in effect were rubre of the munteipaite ; im fact, tre whole government of the lands verted on them” "The pare eontrol att one fundamental forcet af vourty on the Phillppmer. They control the edtuca kon tyttem, for they ovn the University of fate Tomat, ‘ang ane. the lecal inspectors of every primary school = Marcelo. let Pir “They. contro uo hey control tne mind of the people becouce in o dominantly Cathelie country, the portch &eclre oan ube the pulpit and cenferrionale te pusscly 6° eecretly mpurnce tne people they control all municipal ancl lecal autheniter and the medium sf communication; and iey exceute all the oniere of the central government FRAY BOTOD 44 Atacane dysy deena G inireduces she theveotypieal Cpowich friar who user Yeligion ar a Aool for epprescing otvert im * order fo sawate wie apperste for food, money and. women ether friar thereotype later weeame fhe nyybot of AME Tonic reaime in the HwiNitpinerLAND GRABBING tne enurch wat itt economte vole at landowners Go vecause of Huis, AE PRKRRINE Yevolution centered Mm AME area where she VArY Haciendar (fror ectover) sheived stavite * toguna + Morong # Manila province Ge one fourth of dhe tolal ovea of frrav extater im Awe Twilipyiner was located im Covlke, and ¥Bte ef sue fotol eg avobte tands im tat Taqaiog beionatd fo qe friars HACIENDA Maile SA wraut maria Ot, afar * concepeion Town, Tarlac frevinte (6,48 weave) ~ LANDS ACQUIRED py eRIARE =Binan Ertale, Laguna Wev. (225) = Muntinlupa, toquna. Prov. (¢, quo) ~Fana Roto, Laguna tov. (4,300) talomba, Laguna tox (18,400) “Nic, Cavite tov. (4,028) ~ fow Franaiteo ae Molaten, cavite Pru. (19,900) “Fanta Gur de Matabon, Cavite prov. (14,400) =wnut , Cavite (Qt, 500) tanta Waria oe fondi, Bulacan Nov. (4,124) LAND GRABBING daung COLONIAL PERIOD Tne fponich Government ‘srued two Royal Decrees 4p dene enact and aie fe ceoure legal ‘efor Ahelr Fanae or suffer forfeiture satereto realenga (1860) + maura law (1698) Le 400,000 Filipine peatomts were left without Mer er documented ‘ite 40 4ne and prevailed over verbal claim Go mort Filipiner landed peatants became mere Jenawte ww Awetr oven land LAURA LAW- deprived mony Hipine garantie of their own lands Yrough theming and treacherous way qf both Fpamniardt ond cociquet iner trates of dteporering pearantc af Aner fondleldnas wae ‘ outgnt povchare af a Yow yee a real eFtaKes (oiengo) ‘oy a tporniard ov 0 coeique, From a badlyin-weed yearant 4. Worigage syetem (jaclo de wtroventa)s Sart & equivalent Jedays mortgage sastem (canaia) G landowwer Who har leaned 0 peau come wont Teccaime AMC peaiay\'s \andioxt Gane rystern vequictd Ane land 4o be exeliateral CG wpte the paso vad rh gid ack Wi tea, hepa te 870,000 eclarer of CARP land har not yet been awtributed: Even agvavian reform advocate and Cb clare Aauitlo aig, ¥OKD Bograo it dtappounted witit ARE pace of land dirtrieuton Japan's Land Reform (i981 1949) © 5,800,000 acrer (8% of Sapan't exltvated tnd) wot purchared from landlord s under the reform POQraM ond ve-toid at extremely, lors YVeel 4p AME formert who worked them G1a60, amiion yeasantr nod acquived tnd, asswaaniling a ower rivuerure anak AME Vandiordt had Yong, dominated. NOLT ME TANGERE Rhyanchre Race Goretrieved Une original Noli me Tangere of RIZOK winicl WAS tHolen from the Nationa’ Ubrary of 4m tntigpines on Qecember 8, 1AU4 UNCLE Tom’? CABIN by Harried Beectcy Some G innpires ROR wwite the novel “Touch Me NOT” engi tranclation of the Latin title oomer from He Gecpel of St. fom ,xX:47, where serue cout Nord Mog dalene “Touch me net, or 1am mot yet atcendes ‘i my Taser Jonuory 2, 1884 e reunion of Rlipinor ab the MoUte of Fecha. atern® Moga Rinak propored the writing a novel approved bi) dro, Maximmino x Anfonio taterH®, Gradiano Noyer toene, Evaricto Aguirre, EAuarde de Lete, ule Ueteme fond valentin Yentura "1 mart woke from te clamber the epiit 6 me soon (at pope my eouning en an COP win wnten they ean cdruggle again ter bad TANT and afterwarde, when they are reformed, pa . wail! rite up who can precent my country 1 P we Rak woul wr TAMGERE primo om och on Ane abut on # Me fuiare Lek fem chorter of NATIONALICM for ruginet cer uo vegan ue wegen a ee at oR Me arr ect te week se me ena ‘or the cquas of Kne Si Sent aang G rah inciched Mot ME book Wad 40 1 aie ath gen eo. Lue pa eretond (norhed vt 40 be an CRENCHY Tondlovd vent for HE Wer of wit owe Tand.TRANSLATIONS oF NOLT s oninece + eat Faeneh gpgyn (ones Te fo eoneer) eyaqontie «That © Ruccian GREATEST CONTRIBUTION oF THE REFORM | PROPAGANDA TRVEMENT YO THE PHILIPPINE REVOLUTION lig FAILURE. Hh made Friiginor veatte nat itt gugal ‘and change can be achieved We we teparate: from Spain REAM. MOVEMENT Gtaock and. ack 40 Implement efor ono attention. to eparae with thai Revocution te grugale for Wdependence Ligh FEVeINA ue G ated for 8AaHS wore? Noli me Tongere wat published in 188% in + Rizal wamed Ane novel to ve vation In ERENCH Maxivno Viold eponsored 4ne qubiicatton GERMANY 29 chapter ANDRES BONIFACIO MYTHS © Ne doten"t nave ehitaren © We only od 4 mike ve ie he rch gerident of ot 8 @ Ae a Hoior @ te didn't sin © He always wore © We oor @ te did) wh vpuMaN (Deodato Heltane’) finale wor waite camnita de chino ¥ red ponte tend ter00l TACO MARTINET Le ponifacio's deft HeTeeMATH oF BOMTACIO' DEATH “heath of Benifacle demoralzeg many ‘and Baiaan who had come b Nel hore quit” ence tawsjer ho devire ecient gS rebel grom Mamita, toguna, ‘in cavite and cauted! them =Apslinan® Mba A tmilto lodinto and Macavio (okay continued ¥akpunan ond never recoonined Aguinaido’ aushorityy + Moving considered ane nce webory of perconal ant ORVANG'S ORDERL ‘way GRFOORIA. de TEU (Bont{aco com over Ave qateionn” ye wife) tne execution of enimirtod and “arcartinty GREGOFIA de Jesus, “ORANG Xe boon May 4, a5. ia caeocan (Pottaror inne port) 6 faher: Wiclar de Serus - water mason © corgenier “raved ot td ueean, ones Seen ‘and torn yndyor aura he fant Heme emote: BaBO10%0 Aves ont a ie Serieee of Get Mariano Aivarer of the Mead Foction ang, G “Lakambini ng tatiana” Ae monitd onfaco of Binondo cnurcn , Maven 408% G had o entd named ‘Andtes', died from smast gor hy Aq Se spanion covernmennt diccovered Kotiquran peocpo(prinerwiere occated of Heaton | + vnigauio ona ‘nar wiled daring Ahe capture | + cwiaco (oraner) MAY 8.1883 Te penfaio & tio were that at Nene ond waned ot aroavndor 4s JULIO NAKPIL eand huond of Greqona de eH Ss feartona of Anarer Poiface 6 divctor of resiatonones few ME Semedded on Gee. 1,f8g oF Sul crutch Ae ore & emren orth. EMYLAD JACINTO te onne Korklya, M10 Yana ond Livin of aii {moto ag, tatqunan” Xo pen name: fyyHinN * BUTASIEAN Ae niWates KALAYARN (Jack puteation of Habpinon) Ae movney + ste asm weaned at Wye. Goed af 29 due t malay of Ca. crurLaquns E DION ‘© funted twniio Jaume’ © Seong of me 12 marture sf Baawinaune” scion Kanyunan DEOOATO ARELLANO te fret green af Kawpunan SUL 218% \o fearnanion ¢F KakgunaN paNiraeio Ue costed “Supreme! Menge A LEVELS * COPE fo'yon ~ "Anak na Bauer” Kowal + *Goupunt payors + Real seTegos CONVENTION Powil War ~ obfected woe of Raaaobonor) eon ND 20, 18 ontfaue's YouKon ar Inter Bredor i i | einer eave Fie ot Son Suan de MontFRA oF THE BURST PAILIPRINE quasatot nerueuie) JAN. 21, 18914 teins 8 ‘conctition 42 BEM ojeratten ann, 164 Te qyinaldo “Bok ootin ar te Te re we uncer ane cera TeaNN &F free fom mt gee oh OY } ane, 29,1808 ‘Rapin wos extures wa Set FOV aeceping 48e authority peeaing, 6 uy ane Oh acasonce te Ane American e rep. 41804 te stant of PH- Ue War pare af BAT Kensie crater, Mater Gave Mate Dancnbene sot Ge capiures auinalde pen. 10, 1404 Ge houinalde (40 © ening, Ws fotlowert 40 Jou down Heir we Kaw yoclammotion of Formal A end of te Or Regus of OH aor peste : Ta yan etiam Yee amen cost geatonon own a woke wae mat (0088) f ecm atin could oh pret aco covers ave wnt wen 61884 or MABINL CREINET Saw eavnes tended. AC tignaion ® Pre: Raviralde ya. 1898 Xe pquinalde occeptea Geyormotion sha mt wad otk FEDRE cateineh ane eesiqnati TRYERNO te fon am cranice # CABINET sperayal of AAVES™ = RAoANC eae wing mentioned Seat Rarerno eepeecenhee moderation Wwe mom * gence” Wewas need fox ner astomacy’ md arg now Hw fo ocwsere indegencence wA meaAE Nee aman wor tonpuct with Cana and fakerne ne fach twat Lana wor ampitour man # WHEN Ne wanted te oe prime minster FAtied Heys escent of wa Sune 2.1849 te arene na. wat attacked» xed + same 900, Yo rons wae ing ot urgaw CRangasinan) * heard ‘onout Luna'e deat se RequPNE. Maiolor RUE, rociaien sv preadent of ane REQUEKC {pveign domination” ng ewore on 0th ces woe TO ond laprernenet qumrender © MEUSs apa Rae vt THE ate fo quit gure 4, er nbdert sn fo, olacan on of ane Mant Caen WHA ME Ee Cclwbev 1694 one tH REQUBNIC. formed onabier commision 40 mech Gen-OHE ed Ane Fegavaing ane cervation of wortliker. W war regarding, aie carmmicsion nat Rawinaldo wrote 40 Mabini for concutation 4 Wojority of ne Conese ach or AUTONOMY w ‘ove BH Reb eunacnp ton (Who ‘sere ready, to mleandyra Ane aime of revourion) ASUINALDO stout Be BLANIED “Mabini did not rpare Ane Ieaderr of Revolution for Maving 40 some ctteal contmbuted 40 ite failure tugging #nas Aguinalde hac a wand inane deaths of indies onifocie # Antonio Aa = yuith Hae defeat of Luna, MovkeMed the defeat of Revowtion “Mabie onctph of Inaependeree NOK trad Ke mat a sTLaHON acquis by tne compere c¥tuiion of tyranny or what amounted to ne tome Peal Awina,, ecol matyendence coneiched tn ne conigiete emancizain fyors actions dont PH force” WAYTE MAN'S BURDEN. Wequbaned ia ane gopular magoint "6 V-E= wad sa eeied oe subjes of Rrencan clone” ag ane PH Xe pucyord tsping’e yon te WE Ingen occ Eo net: en NEN et aot aoe) PuILIPPINE INSURRECTION Se americans uted fp call tne HAM wor ep. 8 1899. “pattie wee one sidea “await choot” ~ 250,000, 400, 000 (Gen. Be), = 4,000,000 They ‘never rebel in wuzon anymere becaure qhere "n't fbocly Sef? rebel.”PHILIPPINE INDEPENDENCE MicsiON to UNITED STATES yaa - 1934 Piet pillgpnk sndyperdinct onsen. FEB. 9p, 19414 Se headed bu Senate President MANUEL QUEZON MAK 8, 1418 phiipyne Sequiatue ytted Ane fomeus “Declraien of Poyseh eR 114 © Te commition alro conducted o pubtiethy compaigi in tne Us Anroud ‘ME Philippine Beek Bureau extoblnlned in. Nodhingion vee. 4, 120 ‘in his forewetl addrea tne cong, Tec. Wilton recommended ANC grating of tH widcpendence LEONARD wood Somes of HOM of the UE pam, © Wittarg covernor of sie cuba K GaveMMor Genera of Hme PH Meorh pparkiamaenTZany wissen Led bu QVEZON ond OSMERA on APRIL 44a, went to. Wachington m0 preient athe Fiipino viewpet iat on Ane quettions voiced wy Ane WOOD FoRBET wise ION REPORT. THis mutton veturned In NIGUCT 1422 with mo more Ahan otcurance: anat Anere, Wow be no dtmimation of Wigine control of rnele devecnment NM SUCCEEDING YEARC, particularly in 1992-0928 onct 1980 Bre PHILIPPINE INDEPENDENCE MICLIOIVE were a FAILURE NOV. 1925 A opecias miccivd 1ed by MANUEL A ROXAE Ie tn wasting I onc ac strong, In Cong¥ett fo come foo coution seme Titipine prooiem. “The TDIGeld Bi, an gamninislation aNematve to ae independence meatuves, war reported * cub of commice ond WAC MWOSUCL that year wR OCT. 1928 Se ROXAS ond OSMERTA were i Warhington ar a legitlative comitige t yresent Ane core on 4e Ahveatened qian Affecting the free entry ef ame PRIVARINE products Into Me ue Of- ROX MISSION ‘ane am Philippine Indepence Miction ofter ite leader Senate treridem Pro-Tempore SERGIO otweNIA ond Howe Cyeaker MANUEL RoxAC Nov. 4, 193] Softer a tip we, avenn made 2 Legiclanve © Vmnmedioe, abrolute % complete independence, with Umited free fo $0 JO yeare ond wt veryeted Tegino labor ammgmaton, (2) bmmediote ectainitnmen of Adyar, with cafequar Poporaic mii weyort 4o the am autenemous government for rdf 4 US sovereign wight in the Prilipives, and wi free tvade ond iavor relations +o be Governed under the firet fen yore (stnerwtce Ae Figiot ‘would dehermine weer ov n0% 40 eaniwe he evita, tevaug) YF none of tne plans protecting Ane etonomnic iterecte woeuld be AcetPLObIE ty egret, the Filipinos would accept ang Lam gormning Complete tmacpencence, ever under Ane wnctt varcentame cond ‘Upon the eval in tne UE, Ane miction dedored Boba of chlaining early wdeqene nawesers American publi opinion at ererented by sme pmertcan rest oppaced ty independence 1950 ‘70m Independence Congres, mek in Movil ond yatred a Yesolstwn favoring Ae earl ayant of independerce ANE Tiippines - dove- Hower = cating het HARE- HAWES - CUTTING ACT by congyes BUTLER ©. WARE, IBNOfOF HARRY B.NANES and * Senate PRONEON Ni CUTTING veeame a low on JAW. 13, 195% Src WS Jaw pared ov AME DeCOONITATIN. =} He RH Sefovch Naw rating 0 cpenitic date for WH independence frem UF youed mu Ame congrete ar o rel of peecure from Afourcer: ©) Ameen Farmer, the, dung the Great vepieson. Feared competition from iiipino sugar % caconut oil (2) Filipino teoderr, who were eager to ran 4heW own government & the pill war giteutted 4 AME senate floor, Wat by dave Aime 7 cmendinente vitve inrodveed (9 Fenator WILLIAM KING (qreiding Independence tn 34e0rC) (2) Senator ARTHUR VANDERBERG (powiding, imeyndenee tn 20 yew)TARE- HAWE todiuded= ( Philppine wndepence after 40 yeare TING ACT (2) data free Kime of exported you tuqar ob Bt, 000 tg on] Yefined. sugar ot 50,000 ong font, eArdage at > mition oRIC ond eoCD mH OF app, 600 ang tent (8) a qradated export 40% af tne Beainning of Ame U% Year, “Re precede of wink would ve wed fo WqNKLarE PH bord full UC torigie would opgiy offer 40 yeare UW) Ae US reewe mi, naval and commercial batee in tne Selamat, wit we vequert thot he precident negotiate, for 0 nevtralizotion treaty of we lands wit fortiqn atone quettoncble) (5) the orcotion of a contusions) cxnvention daft ane PH Conctnution, cubject te 4he approval of te Amesican Wet THE PHILIPPINES SiTUATION APR 4, 1932 Ge averon congranuiated Ane mittcon for {oxidation of ne ponage of the ave win of te Rowe Appoctions - it began te mont becaut of the providiont pertaining te the trerican maintenance ¥ conmercit & imititarg bases, fae lengts of the regajurtment and the eégar bmitaiont CeTECTIONS were vaiced 40 ‘he fil) becautes (4) tena, Tancition Reviod (2) ame plencate a) saiitany, resewsarionts SEPT 2 1932 To legilatuie conducted a yubhie heaving (eefrained from ORNS a thand on He WiC) in onder Ho acertain *HE contimnent of sue yale Loaine prvasion s opinton wae NEGATIVE Le people oygrtel to HCE How. 1992 “svengsiotart comprised an aceegiabie measure {Q) Frved vadependence Dare 2) rejection of tee Tories amenaenent? (2) eaqar quota no tes Aa 4,200,00 Aone Lad exeiuton of air Papin aterm weak weve wniNtany wacet ) ewmnination of pewitate UNL PER EDNALTTIN CRE Ante) eqpoted te BRE Ae cout of He geieenadie feat Ned) 6) @UETON covery TA ne te) ETN rer ROXAE # FOL OETA apes Bon He read oo oe aeeeth independence. yeature Anat ean We. otbaned {vor Gage a7 TYDINGS- MeDUTFIE ACT G provided for Gaming % conthiution for she Commonnedl ‘quvern men Lents Foie mannan xIndgendence Ae (88) Wetiee UF statute mar provided for PH Independence fo TA¥E clfeek on JULY 4, 28 after B-year sromstiona’ yenod | commonwealth Gvearmeth MAY 4, 1924) oing PH micloture Accepted ame TYRINgS- Mebuffie Lark NEO-COLONTALISM, ‘cordon iq? nich a conway, supped deyenden, & net Hm mmoster of Mi awn affanr bat remains dominated « eaploited by former entontat powers PA at 0 PUPRT of are withet wt polieyr masers, @ catellte 4 foreign pomeg, @ “cae bore for US mitttove) * econemt operations tn feta, om obedient echaer of the US voving pout iM Ane United Hation’, o vigidiy align garter of Ane UE in HIE cold wow asens Incependenee handed over by the tnrted Loker 7 (9¥6, nar tor a oxnnpuencey revtlinin of natna! rerdbetron, at i tumed in ather cosmid countrity that deanively threw out ppreigh rajert in the pact ‘nigendece self tae Carefully workont arran Lehaten tit and tne rinpine raling grape, ip ciple WE Tevolutenary parce? hat cletired a teak ohange igement PH ot @ NEOCOLONIAL + TRADE LAWS we pigpine = Ut Tage WA (hated oF PuHLE Lae 3A of ME 4a" Us tangy) = fetored free trades lacs until 4 (28 year) “WU Hy free sr! “Rnweation of quota for Fil exports “Pavity, yromion G if erangy the avhcle wi Ane comtttuion seca to amend 1935 eontigurion ane MILITARY DACRE AGREEMENT feigned on MAR A, IRNT (Hee day fey He eorhnany -b Undeence ack (even cab fer Qi weutroW™A) Co YWovsdeo fr ane retention of ut 2B wit pate wer extend 99 From one end of the arcigetge ® tne omer Water area neve granted fe Wi te d renewable eave pertod of 4 yeave qorita penne)primarily on foreign “aid” anol imvettnent, and our = MILITARY ASITANCE PACT lcignea MAR. 20, 1449 Negra companion te the bree agreement Loved Ane Prine Armed Tree effectveny ander Ane contol of #ME tentagon, [rationed © WE Tonk vAhany Aduitory gyony In ARE Vwuippines (youd for hy tHe RWLGOM., giving diel cupersision 404 FA Arm, consiawulory, Aire, Navy and mntewionnce fervices Ste Ws wulitans Arctstonce Tad ynade Ame PriNipRine Aumed forces totally reviant on US ovens & equip om oficer raining, on at wiliany bases ® mnie, seheb\e ond on WE eancepis "The thi) wat obsgated 704 only 10 dliert funde Fo military expenclitne but beame mled many mnitdary achenture by United Water 1 the facie area RITAL LAW (RA 1998) ‘main proponeyh wat CLARO M.ReCTO CARD M. Recto ‘© tnowin to expres Anti-American sentient “equertions ine Wi ownerehip of ntitany bores IM he FH cabled Wc fellow poltiecane ar “yermen” for atowing, foreyn interference ih oUF political * econortle Offanr “Wb long ge our economit poles remain dependent Piliy-mikere reman hebiival yer-men uf foreigh adiiton, Thu ‘aid’ pneeetnent & advice, witl be dietted husard the retention of the eeonomse tlatur gto” ~ Clare M. Recto ttp0-/R60) Ge wanted 40 MAKE sure hat tine Phitippiner nayional terri” Wee mot EON * gue WAH) 4o Ane AmencaM dream of how he world chould be von Ge against cubcerrience % colonial ynentalsts to mendicanens