CNS Pharmacology

General anesthetics
1. The state of “general anesthesia” usually includes:
a) Analgesia
b) Loss of consciousness, inhibition of sensory and autonomic reflexes
c) Amnesia
d) All of the above

2. Inhaled anesthetics and intravenous agents having general anesthetic properties:

a) Directly activate GABA receptors
b) Facilitate GABA action but have no direct action on GABAA receptors
c) Reduce the excitatory glutamatergic neurotransmission
d) Increase the duration of opening of nicotine-activated potassium channels

3. The anesthetic agent , which is an inhibitor of NMDA glutamate receptors is :

a) Thiopental
b) Halothane
c) Ketamine
d) Sevoflurane

4. An ideal anesthetic drug would:

a) Induces anesthesia smoothly and rapidly and secure rapid recovery
b) Posses a wide margin of safety
c) Has a minimal adverse effects
d) All of the above

5. Which of the following general anesthetics belongs to inhalants?

a) Thiopental
b) Desfluran
c) Ketamine
d) Propofol

6. The anesthetic, which is used intravenously is :

a) Propofol
b) Halothane
c) Desflurane
d) Nitrous oxide

7. Sevoflurane has largely replaced halothane and isoflurane as an inhalation anesthetic of choice because:
a) Induction of anesthesia is achieved more rapidly and smoothly
b) Recovery is more rapid
c) It has low post- anesthetic organ toxicity
d) All of the above

8. The limitation of sevoflurane is:

a) High incidence of coughing and laryngospasm
b) Chemically unstable
c) Centrally mediated sympathetic activation leading to a rise of BP and HR
d) Hepatotoxicity

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 CNS Pharmacology
General anesthetics
9. Which of these anesthetics lacks sufficient potency to produce surgical anesthesia by itself and is commonly
used with another anesthetic?
a) Halothane
b) Sevoflurane
c) Nitrous oxide
d) Desflurane

10. The inhaled anesthetic, which reduces arterial pressure and heart rate is :
a) Isoflurane
b) Halothane
c) Desflurane
d) Nitrous oxide

11. Which of the following causes centrally mediated sympathetic activation leading to a rise in BP & HR?
a) Desflurane
b) Sevoflurane
c) Nitrous oxide
d) Isofurane

12. The inhaled anesthetic, which decreases the ventilatory response to hypoxia is :
a) Sevoflurane
b) Nitrous oxide
c) Desflurane
d) Halothane

13. Which of the following inhaled anesthetics is an induction agent of choice in patient with airway problems?
a) Desflurane
b) Nitrous oxide
c) Halothane
d) Isoflurane

14. The inhaled anesthetic, which causes the airway irritation is :

a) Nitrous oxide
b) Sevoflurane
c) Halothane
d) Desflurane

15. Which of the following inhaled anesthetics increases cerebral blood flow least of all?
a) Sevoflurane
b) Nitrous oxide
c) Isoflurane
d) Desflurane

16. The inhaled anesthetic, which should be avoided in patients with a history of seizure disorders is :
a) Enflurane
b) Nitrous oxide
c) Sevoflurane
d) Desflurane

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 CNS Pharmacology
General anesthetics
17. Which of the following inhaled anesthetics can produce hepatic necrosis?
a) Soveflurane
b) Desflurane
c) Halothane
d) Nitrous oxide

18. Which of the following anesthetics decreases metheonine synthase activity and causes megaloblastic anemia?
a) Desflurane
b) Halothane
c) Nitrous oxide
d) Soveflurane

19. Unlike inhaled anesthetics, intravenous agents such as thiopental, etomidate, and propofol:
a) Have a faster onset and rate of recovery
b) Provide a state of conscious sedation
c) Are commonly used for induction of anesthesia
d) All of the above

20. The intravenous anesthetic, which is an ultra-short-acting barbiturate is :

a) Fentanyl
b) Thiopental
c) Midazolam
d) Ketamine

21. Which of the following agents is used to accelerate recovery from the sedative actions of intravenous BDZ?
a) Naloxone
b) Flumazenil
c) Ketamine
d) Fomepizole

22. Which of the following intravenous anesthetics has antiemetic actions?

a) Thiopental
b) Propofol
c) Ketamine
d) Fentanyl

23. The intravenous anesthetic, which causes minimal cardiovascular and respiratory depressant effects is:
a) Propofol
b) Thiopental
c) Etomidate
d) Midazolam

24. The intravenous anesthetic, which produces dissociative anesthesia is :

a) Midazolam
b) Ketamine
c) Fentanyl
d) Thiopental

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 CNS Pharmacology
General anesthetics
25. Ketamine anesthesia is associated with:
a) Cardiovascular stimulation
b) Increased cerebral blood flow, oxygen consumption and intracranial pressure
c) Disorientation, sensory and perceptual illusions, and vivid dreams following anesthesia
d) All of the above

Inhalation Anesthetics :
♣ EEG changes ( Epilepsy - like seizures )  Enflurane .
♣ Reflex tachycardia  Isoflurane & Desflurane ( I.D.) .
♣ Myocardial suppression  Halothane & Enflurane ( he) .
♣ Airway irritation  Enflurane , Isoflurane & Desflurane ( eid or die ) .
♣ Hepatotoxicity Halothane ( in adults ONLY )
♣ Sensitizes the Heart to catecholamine  Halothane .

Answers: 13.c
1.d 14.d
2.a 15.b
3.c 16.a
4.d 17.c
5.b 18.c
6.a 19.d
7.d 20.b
8.b 21.b
9.c 22.b
10.b 23.c
11.a 24.b
12.b 25.d