Identify control measures that an employer could take to reduce the risk of violence between workers.

The

control measures that an employer could take to reduce the risk of violence between workers include:

• Briefing staff on problems that are likely to occur and giving them training in dealing with them such as de-
escalation techniques
• Introducing a policy of zero tolerance for workplace violence
• Setting up procedures for reporting any occurrence of violence
• Providing counseling for both perpetrators and victims of violence
• Provide Panic Alarm in different location of workplace
• Introducing a policy for alcohol and substance misuse including the disciplinary action to be taken against
offenders
• Prohibiting the carrying of weapons on site
• Employing security personnel together with CCTV
• Introducing a recruitment strategy like back ground verification before recruitment
• Develop proper Queue management.

Outline factors that may increase the risk of violence in the workplace.

The factors that may increase the risk of violence in the workplace include:

• Working alone or after normal working hours;

• Work involving the handling of money or other valuables;
• Work involving the specific uniform
• Employment involving working with people susceptible to violent outbursts or with mental health issues
• Dealing with people under the influence of alcohol or drugs;
• Employment involving working or travelling in and out of country;
• Dealing with people suffering from stress;
• Inappropriate design of the workplace with a lack of visual security;

. Identify features of the vehicle route in order to reduce the risk of pedestrians being injured by vehicles.

The features of the vehicle route to be considered in order to reduce the risk of pedestrians being injured by vehicles
include:

• A firm and even road surface subject to regular maintenance;

• The avoidance of sharp bends;
• The introduction of a one way system;
• The separation of vehicles and pedestrians;
• The provision of barriers and refuges;
• Designated crossing points;
• Visibility aids such as vision panels in doors, visibility mirrors;
• An adequate standard of lighting;
• The provision of traffic and pedestrian signage
• The introduction of speed breakers
Outline the factors to consider when assessing the risks to a long distance delivery driver.

The factors to be considered in assessing the risk to a long distance lorry driver would include the following:

• Duration of the journey,

• Complexity of the routes,
• Traffic Congestion in the route
• Means of communication to convey any message,
• Security issues like potential and violence.
• Physical and psychological capabilities of the driver
• Competency of the driver
• Soundness and proper maintenance schedule of the vehicle to be considered

• Nature and weight of the load like hazardous substance shall be considered.
• Emergency arrangements like first aid box, Fire extinguisher should be considered.

(a) Identify the factors that could increase the risk of WRULDs.

• Workstation layout
• The failure to provide sufficient breaks
• Space constraints resulting in poor working postures;
• Excessive force
• Awkward hand movements needed to carry out an operation;
• Poorly designed tools and equipment;
• The frequency with which tasks needed to be repeated;
• The use of vibrating tools and equipment;
• The involvement of vulnerable workers such as those with pre-existing medical conditions and pregnant
women;
• Environmental factors such as working in areas where the temperature is low; and
• A lack of training in the precautionary measures that should be taken to reduce the possibility of suffering from
WRULDs.
Outline the factors that may arise from manual handling activities?

Load:

• Consider the Size of the Load

• Consider the Weight of the Load
• Consider the Rigidity of the Load
• Consider the Stability of load
• Consider whether the load have any Sharp edges
• Consider the Temperature – hot / cold of the load
Individual

• Consider the person performing the manual handling are Physically fit
• Consider the Medical conditions of the person performing manual handling
• Consider whether the person performing manual handling is trained
• Consider the willingness of the person performing manual handling.
 Task

• Does the task involve Lifting of excessive loads

• Does the task involve excessive Lowering / putting down.
• Does the task involve excessive Pushing and pulling
• Consider the Distance to travel for manual handling
• Does the task involve excessive twisting and bending of the body .

Environment

• Does the work place have adequate ventilation

• Consider the lighting level in the area where manual handling will be performed.
• Consider the temperature of working environment.

Identify the factors that would determine the frequency of the inspection and testing.

The factors that might affect the frequency of inspection and testing of the portable drill include but are not limited to
the following:

• The nature of the work

• The environmental conditions in which the drill is to be used
• The frequency and duration of use
• The age of the equipment
• The intrinsic safety features of the equipment such as double insulation
• The use of low voltage
• User checks and the number of problems reported
• The number and competency of the users
• Manufacturers‟ recommendations and best practice guidance
• The results of previous tests and inspections.
Identify EIGHT common causes of fires in a workplace.

1. Naked flames – from smoking materials, cooking appliances, heating appliances and process equipment
2. External sparks – from grinding metals, welding, impact tools, electrical switch gear
3. Internal sparking – from electrical equipment (faulty and normal), machinery, lighting
4. Hot surfaces – from lighting, cooking, heating appliances, process equipment, poorly ventilated
equipment, faulty and/or badly lubricated equipment, hot bearings and drive belts
5. Static electricity – causing significant high voltage sparks from the separation of materials such as
unwinding plastic, pouring highly flammable liquids, walking across insulated floors, or removing synthetic
overalls.
6. Chemicals – the storage in close proximity of incompatible substances, and not following safe working
procedures e.g. re-capping containers giving of flammable vapour when the container is not in actual use.
7. Housekeeping – allowing flammable materials to accumulated in areas where there is a risk of fire.
8. Waste storage and disposal – flammable waste not being placed in lidded containers and not emptied
regularly.
9. Flammable gases – leaks – inappropriate controls that identify the presence of leaking cylinders, valves
and/or associated fittings.
10. Maintenance – not having adequate maintenance procedures in place to ensure preventative measures
against the generation of heat e.g. friction from bearings that are not properly lubricated, not
clearing/cleaning ventilation holes on equipment that may cause heat to build up as it is unable to
 escape/ventilate properly.
11. Effects of strong sunlight – this may focus beams of light which can be excessively hot onto flammable
materials and cause combustion – almost spontaneous combustion should sufficient flammable gases be
given off.
12. Hot work activities not being properly controlled e.g. welding, cutting and grinding
13. Arson – setting fire to material by malicious intent.
14. People playing with fire in a foolish manner

Outline the principles of the fire triangle

According to the principles of the fire triangle, to cause fire we need three components called fire triangle Oxygen,
Heat, and Fuel, In the same way to extinguish fire we need to remove any one or more component of fire
triangle.

• When we remove heat from fire triangle it is called Cooling

• When we remove Fuel from the fire triangle, It is called starvation
• When we remove oxygen to extinguish fire, It is called Smothering.
Outline the control measures that could be used to reduce the risk of infection from biological organism

• Keeping numbers of persons likely to be exposed to a minimum

• Effective engineering controls
• Collective control measures - LEV
• Good personal hygiene
• PPE and RPE
• Effective containment – safe collection and storage
• Warning signage
• Emergency plans and practices
• Appropriate information being given to those concerned
• Effective supervision
• Suitable and sufficient instructions and training being issued / delivered and understood (e.g. safe systems of
work) by those at risk
• Health surveillance
• Vaccinations where deemed necessary

Outline FOUR sources of information that might be consulted when assessing the risks of a new substance being
introduced into a manufacturing process.

1. Manufacturers‟ or suppliers‟ product information (MSDS)

2. Recognised publications from reliable bodies e.g. EH40 from the UK HSE

3. Specialist textbooks, journals and research papers

4. Guidance from trade or professional bodies

5. Electronic health and safety databases, i.e. the internet,

6. ILO Databases based on the internet

7. Subscription related and reliable web based reference sources
Defence Mechanism of Body:
1.Respiratory Defense:

• The sneeze system of our respiratory system throws out the dust.
• Filtration in the nasal happens by nasal hair and mucous in the nose, Nasal
hair and mucous prevent the dust to enter into our lungs.
• Bronchi and trachea are lined with small hairs which prevent dust
• White blood cells attack and destroy particles that enters into respiratory
system
• any foreign particles do not control by white blood cells are controlled by
Inflammatory response
2.Gastrointestinal defences:

 Through Taste and smell we ignore the rotten food

 Saliva help to kill the foreign particles.
 Acid, enzymes and bacteria present in our stomach kill the foreign particles
 Vomit and diarrhoea also help to excrete the foreign particles from our
body
3.Skin Defence:

 Sensory nerves help to sense the foreign particles

 Rashes – spot, itches also help to block the foreign particles
 Inflammation also used to control the skin infection.

4.Cellular mechanism:

 Scavenging (collect & remove) action – white blood cells

 Secretion of defensive substances like enzymes to kill the bacteria and
foreign particles
 Prevention of excessive blood loss through Coagulation
 Repair of damaged tissues by division of cells