CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

INTRODUCTION
Self-esteem encompasses beliefs about oneself, (for example, "I am

competent", "I am worthy"), as well as emotional states, such as triumph, despair, pride,

and shame. In psychology, the term self-esteem is used to describe a person's overall

sense of self-worth or personal value. In other words, how much you appreciate and like

yourself. Self-esteem is often seen as a personality trait, which means that it tends to

be stable and enduring. Self-esteem is the way people think about themselves and how

worthwhile they feel. Psychologists use the word self-esteem to describe whether

someone likes them self or not. Someone with low self-esteem might think that they are

bad at things and worthless.

We all know that self-esteem sometimes referred to as self-worth or self-respect,

can be an important part of success. Too little self-esteem can leave people feeling

defeated or depressed. It can also lead people to make bad choices, fall into destructive

relationships, or fail to live up to their full potential. Too much self-esteem, as exhibited

in narcissistic personality disorder, can certainly be off-putting to others and can even

damage personal relationships. Self-esteem can play a significant role in your motivation

and success throughout your life. Low self-esteem may hold you back from succeeding

at school or work because you don't believe yourself to be capable of success. By

contrast, having a healthy self-esteem can help you achieve because you navigate life

with a positive, assertive attitude and believe you can accomplish your goals.
 The need for self-esteem plays an important role in psychologist Abraham

Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which depicts self-esteem as one of the basic human

motivations. Maslow suggested that people need both esteem from other people as well

as inner self-respect. Both of these needs must be fulfilled in order for an individual to

grow as a person and achieve self-actualization. It is important to note that self-esteem

is a concept distinct from self-efficacy, which involves how well you believe you'll handle

future actions, performance, or abilities. As you might imagine, there are different factors

that can influence self-esteem. Genetic factors that help shape overall personality can

play a role, but it is often our experiences that form the basis for overall self-esteem.

Those who consistently receive overly critical or negative assessments from caregivers,

family members, and friends, for example, will likely experience problems with low self-

esteem. Additionally, your inner thinking, age, any potential illnesses, disabilities, or

physical limitations, and your job can affect your self-esteem.

Body mass index, or BMI, is a measure of body size. It combines a person's weight

with their height. Body Mass Index is a simple calculation using a person's height and

weight. The formula is BMI = kg/m2 where kg is a person's weight in kilograms and m2 is

their height in metres squared. A BMI of 25.0 or more is overweight, while the healthy

range is 18.5 to 24.9. BMI applies to most adults 18-65 years. The results of a BMI

measurement can give an idea about whether a person has the correct weight for their

height. BMI is a screening tool that can indicate whether a person is underweight or if

they have a healthy weight, excess weight, or obesity.

 If a person's BMI is outside of the healthy range, their health risks may increase

significantly. Carrying too much weight can lead to a variety of health conditions, such

as type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, and cardiovascular problems. A weigh that

is too low can increase the risk of malnutrition, osteoporosis, and anemia. The doctor

will make suitable recommendations. BMI does not measure body fat directly, and it does

not account for age, sex, ethnicity, or muscle mass in adults. However, it uses standard

weight status categories that can help doctors to track weight status across populations

and identify potential issues in individuals.

The researcher want to study the relationship of the body mass index to the self-

esteem of the Senior High school students to know the level of their self-esteem according

to the level of their obesity. The researcher want to know the number of student that has

a problem in their BMI, What is the main reason or the other reason why their BMI is

connected to their self-esteem, what is the way people thinking to themselves, and what

they feel about themselves.

The purpose of this study is to show the differences of the Student who has a low

self-esteem and the student who has a high self-esteem. This study can help others, not

only to the students of the Senior Highs of the St. Pius but also it can help other even

teachers, parents, workers and the future researchers. This study can help them to know

the true meaning of health to our humans and the true identity of a person.

Statement of the Problem

This study deals with the relationship of the Body Mass Index and the Self-esteem
of the Senior Highschool Students of St. Pius X Institute of Cuyapo.
Specifically it will answer the following questions:

1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:

a. Sex
b. Age
c. Year Level
d. Allowance
e. Number of Siblings

2. Is there a significant relationship between the Body Mass Index and the Self-
esteem of the Senior Highschool Students?

Research Hypothesis
There is no significant relationship between the Body Mass Index and the Self-
esteem of the Senior Highschool Students of St. Pius X Institute of Cuyapo.

Significance of the Study

Since the study shall focus on the relationship of the body mass index to the self-

esteem of the senior highschool students to SPXI, the following groups of individuals shall

give benefits from this study:

Students. For them to know the importance of health and to know how the health of a

human person is connected to the self-esteem.

Parents. For them to understand the relationship of the BMI to the self-esteem of their

Son/Daughter and also to their health too.

Teachers. To give them an idea what is the effects of having a high self-esteem and low

self-esteem to their students

Future Researchers. This study can give them extra knowledge about research study

and it also help them to understand and to learn how to do a research study.
Scope and Delimitation of the Study

This study focused on determining the relationship of the body mass index and the

self-esteem of the senior highschool students. This study will looked only to the senior

highschool student in terms of their body, weight, and self-esteem. It can also determine

the level of their self-esteem accordingSi to their body mass index.

This study will only cover or focused to the senior highschool students of St. Pius

X Institute of Cuyapo and it will not include other schools.

Definition of Terms

The following terms were operationally defined to facilitate for better

understanding of this study.

Self-esteem. Means feeling good about yourself. People with self-esteem: feel liked and

accepted. Are proud of what they do. Believe in themselves.

Body mass index (BMI). It is a measure of body fat based on height and weight that

applies to adult men and women.

Human body weight. This refers to a person's mass or weight. Body weight is measured

in kilograms, a measure of mass, throughout the world. Body weight is the measurement

of weight without items located on the person. Practically though, body weight may be

measured with clothes on, but without shoes or heavy accessories such as mobile phones

and wallets, and using manual or digital weighing scales.

Height. It refers to the measure of vertical distance, either vertical extent (how "tall"

something or someone is) or vertical position (how "high" a point is).

Health. It is "a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely

the absence of disease" according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Physical is

about the body. Mental is about how people think and feel.

Obesity. This refers to the complex disorder involving an excessive amount of body

fat. Obesity isn't just a cosmetic concern. It increases your risk of diseases and health

problems, such as heart disease, diabetes and high blood pressure.

Personal values. This refers to the reflections of our needs, desires, and what we care

about most in life.

Personality. It is the unique combination of patterns that influence behavior, thought,

motivation, and emotion in a human being. Personality is generally described as being

made up the characteristic patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that make a

person unique.

Emotion. It is a mental state associated with the nervous system brought on by chemical

changes variously associated with thoughts, feelings, behavioral responses, and a

degree of pleasure or displeasure.

Problem. This refers to the matter or situation regarded as unwelcome or harmful and

needing to be dealt with and overcome.