Limit state design

1. Design of beam
a. Reinforcement calculation
0.0035
k
fy
(0.0055  0.87 )
E
M
d lim 
k (1  0.42k ) f ck b

 f y Ast 
Msteel  0.87 f y Ast  d  
 f ck b 

Mconcrete  0.36 f ck bd d  0.42 x 

b. Check minimum reinforcement

0.85
A min  bd
fy

c. Check span depth ratio L/d=R*F1*F2*F3

F1,f2,f3 from graphs or following formula

Modification factor for

tension steel
F1 1/(0.225+0.00322fs+0.625logpt)<=2.0
fs=0.58*fy*As,req/As,provided*β
pt=100*As provided/b/D
redistribution factor, β
Modification factor for
compression steel
1+(pc/(3+pc))<
F2 =1.5
pc=100*As
provided/b/D

Correction of flanged
beams
0.8+2/7*(bw/bf-
F3 0.3)
 d. Shear calculation

Maximum permissible shear stress for this section τmax=0.62*sqrt(fck) <= 4

Allowable design shear stress τc=0.85 sqrt(0.8fck)sqrt(1+5β-1)/6β
β=0.8fck/6.89pt
τc=0.79pt^(1/3)*(400/d)^(1/4)*(1/SF)*(fck/25)^(1/3)