Approximate values for the basic friction angle for different rocks

Rock Degrees
Amphibolite 32
Basalt 31-38
Conglomerate 35
Chalk 30
Dolomite 27-31
Gneiss(schistose) 23-29
Granite(fine grained) 29-35
Grainite(coarse grained) 31-35
Limestone 33-40
Porphyry 31
Sandstone 25-35
Shale 27
Siltstone 27-31
Slate 25-30
Uni-axial compressive test results in Eastern China’s coal measures

UCS Young’s Modulus Poission’s ratio

Rocks
(MPa) E(GPa) v
Mudstone 32.2 4.26 0.22
Mudstone 27.7 1.3 0.4
Mudstone 42.2 3.23 0.42
Mudstone 22.9 3.01 0.39
Sandy mudstone 34.5 5.68 0.23
Sandy shale 48.8 3.24 0.35
Shale 47.5 4.86 0.38
Shale 43.1 4.71 0.32
Fine-grained sandstone 102 19.4 0.18
Fine-grained sandstone 107.6 18.9 0.11
Fine-grained sandstone 108.4 20.4 0.11
Medium-grained sandstone 83.5 13.6 0.16
Medium-grained sandstone 70.4 11.4 0.1
 CARBONATE ROCKS LITHIFIED ARENACEOUS ROCKS WITH FINE GRAINED POLYMINERAL, COARSE GRAINED POLY
WITH WELL ARGILLACEOUS STRONG CRYSTALS AND POORLY IGNEOUS CRYSTALLINE ROCKS MINERAL, IGNEOUS AND
DEVELOPED CRYSTAL ROCKS DEVELOPED CRYSTAL METAMORPHIC CRYSTALLINE
CLEAVAGE CLEAVAGE ROCKS

dolomite, limestone and mudstone, siltstone, sandstone and quartzite andesite, dolerite, diabase and amphibolite, gabbro, gneiss, granite,
marble shale and slate rhyolirte norite and quartz-diabase

INTACT ROCK SAMPLES m=7 m = 10.0 m = 15.0 m = 17.0 m = 25.0

laboratory size specimen free from joints s = 1.0 s = 1.0 s = 1.0 s = 1.0 s = 1.0
CSIR rating 100 A = 0.816 A = 0.918 A = 1.044 A = 1.086 A = 1.220
NGI rating 500 B = 0.658 B = 0.677 B = 0.692 B = 0.696 B = 0.705
T= -0.140 T= -0.099 T= -0.067 T= -0.059 T= -0.040

VERY GOOD QUALITY ROCK MASS m = 3.5 m = 5.0 m = 7.5 m = 8.5 m = 12.5
tightly interlocking ubdisturbed rock s = 0.1 s = 0.1 s = 0.1 s = 0.1 s = 0.1
with unweatheredjoints at ± 3m A = 0.651 A = 0.739 A = 0.848 A = 0.883 A = 0.998
CSIR rating 85 B = 0.679 B = 0.692 B = 0.702 B = 0.705 B = 0.712
NGI rating 100 T= -0.28 T= -0.020 T= -0.013 T= -0.012 T= -0.008

GOOD QUALITY ROCK MASS m = 0.7 m=1 m = 1.5 m = 1.7 m = 2.5

Fresh to slightly weathered rock,slightly s = 0.004 s = 0.004 s = 0.004 s = 0.004 s = 0.004
disturbed with joints spaced at 0.3 to 1m A = 0.369 A = 0.427 A = 0.501 A = 0.525 A = 0.603
CSIR rating 65 B = 0.669 B = 0.683 B = 0.695 B = 0.698 B = 0.707
NGI rating 10 T= -0.006 T= -0.004 T= -0.003 T= -0.002 T= -0.002

FAIR QUALITY ROCK MASS m = 0.14 m = 0.20 m = 0.30 m = 0.34 m =0.50

Several sets of moderately weathered joints s = 0.0001 s = 0.0001 s = 0.0001 s = 0.0001 s = 0.0001
spaced at 0.3 to 1m A = 0.198 A = 0.234 A = 0.280 A = 0.295 A = 0.346
CSIR rating 44 B = 0.662 B = 0.675 B = 0.688 B = 0.691 B = 0.700
NGI rating 1.0 T= - 0.0007 T= - 0.0005 T= - 0.0003 T= - 0.0003 T= - 0.0002

POOR QUALITY ROCK MASS m = 0.04 m = 0.05 m = 0.08 m = 0.09 m = 0.13

Numerous weathered jointsat 30 to 500 mm s = 0.00001 s = 0.00001 s = 0.00001 s = 0.00001 s = 0.00001
with some gouge-clean waste rock. A = 0.115 A = 0.129 A = 0.162 A = 0.172 A = 0.203
CSIR rating 23 B = 0.646 B = 0.655 B = 0.672 B = 0.676 B = 0.686
NGI rating 0.1 T= -0.0002 T= -0.0002 T= -0.0001 T= -0.0001 T= -0.0001

VERY POOR QUALITY ROCK MASS m = 0.007 m = 0.010 m = 0.015 m = 0.017 m = 0.025
Numerous heavily weathered joints spaced s=0 s=0 s=0 s=0 s=0
<50mm with gouge-waste with fines A = 0.042 A = 0.050 A = 0.061 A = 0.065 A = 0.078
CSIR rating 3 B = 0.534 B = 0.539 B = 0.546 B = 0.548 B = 0.556
NGI rating 0.01 T= 0 T= 0 T= 0 T= 0 T= 0
 Liquid
Grain size distribution (mm) Shearing
limit/Plastic Density/Water Compressibi Permiability Soil compaction
0 -0.002 0.002-0.06 0.06-2.0 2.0-60.0 Limit content/porosity Strength Index lity
USCS Geotechnical Name
Clay Silt Sand Gravel WL Wp Ip γ w n Φ' c' Ma k W
% % % % % % % t/m 3
% % ()0
t/m 2
kg/cm 2
cm/s %

GW Clean Gravel, Well graded 0 2 26 72 2.0 ± 0.25 5±3 30 ± 6 40 ± 5 0 10+1-10-2 8±2

GP Clean Gravel, Poorly graded 0 2 26 72 1.90 ± 0.30 3±2 32 ± 8 38 ± 6 0 10 -10
-3 -4
9±2
GM Silty gravel, Poorly graded 2 8 30 60 17 13 4 2.1 ± 0.25 8±5 28 ± 8 36 ± 4 0 10 -10
-4 -6
9±3
GC Clayey Gravel, little fines 3 9 23 66 25 15 10 2.05 ± 0.20 11 ± 6 32 ± 8 34 ± 4 0 10 -10
-3 -4
14 ± 7
SM-ML Silty gravel, Many fines 4 20 33 43 14 11 3 2.15 ± 0.25 14 ± 9 30 ± 10 35 ± 5 0 10 -10
-6 -8
8±2
GM-GC Silty to Clayey gravel 6 22 30 42 19 13 6 2.19 ± 0.20 11 ± 4 28 ± 7 33 ± 3 0.2 ± 0.2 10 -10
-4 -8
9±2
GC-CL Clayey gravel, many fines 8 23 28 41 26 15 11 2.10 ± 0.20 14 ± 6 32 ± 7 29 ± 4 0.3 ± 0.3 10 -10
-4 -6
11 ± 3
GC-CH Clayey gravel, fines with high 10 23 29 38 57 23 34 1.95 ± 0.20 20 ± 10 40 ± 10 28 ± 4 0.4 ± 0.4 The Ma value 10 -10
-4 -4
should be
plasticity determined
from case to
SW Clean sand, well graded 0 2 76 22 1.95 ± .20 13 ± 10 36 ± 10 38 ± 5 0 case 100-10-2 9±3
SP Clean sand, poorly graded 0 2 76 22 1.85 ± 0.25 11 ± 9 38 ± 10 36 ± 6 0 100-10-2 11 ± 3
SM Silty sand, little fines 2 9 75 14 26 22 4 20.00 ± 0.25 17 ± 7 37 ± 10 34 ± 3 0 10-3-10-6 11 ± 4
SC Clayes silt little fines 5 7 76 12 25 15 10 1.95 ± 0.20 20 ± 10 40 ± 10 32 ± 4 0 10 -10
-4 -6

SM-ML Silty sand many fines 4 28 60 8 15 12 3 2.00 ± 0.20 20 ± 9 38 ± 9 34 ± 3 0 10-3-10-4 9±3

SM-SC Silty to clayey sand 9 32 45 14 19 13 6 2.10 ± 0.20 15 ± 8 32 ± 10 31 ± 3 0.5 ± 0.5 10 -10
-6 -8
10 ± 3
SC-CL Clayey sand, many fines 9 30 43 18 25 15 10 2.05 ± 0.20 19 ± 10 36 ± 11 28 ± 4 0.5 ± 0.5 10 -10
-6 -8
15 ± 3
SC-CH 12 31 54 3 57 23 34 1.85 ± 0.20 35 ± 15 49 ± 10 27 ± 3 1.0 ± 1.0 10 -10
-6 -8
Clayey sand, fines with high
plasticity 10-6-10-8
ML Silt 6 64 29 1 30 26 4 1.90 ± 0.25 32 ± 21 47 ± 15 33 ± 4 0 60 to 200 10-3-10-4
CL-ML Silt to clayey silt 12 58 26 4 20 14 6 2.10 ± 0.15 19 ± 7 35 ± 8 30 ± 4 1.5 ± 1.0 40 to 200 10-4-10-8
CL Clayey Silt 20 61 16 3 33 17 16 2.00 ± 0.15 25 ± 10 41 ± 8 27 ± 4 2.0 ± 1.0 20 to 200 10-6-10-8 14 ± 3
CH Clay 22 59 18 1 64 25 39 1.75 ± 0.15 47 ± 24 56 ± 9 22 ± 4 2.5 ± 1.0 10 to 100 10 -10
-4 -3

OL Organic clayey silt 8 70 21 1 42 29 13 1.20 ± 0.15 28 ± 13 57 ± 8 25 ± 4 1.0 ± 0.5 15 to 100 10-6-10-4

OH Organic clay 12 70 17 1 71 40 31 1.55 ± 0.15 68 ± 22 66 ± 8 22 ± 4 1.0 ± 0.5 8 to 50 10-6-10-8
MH Inorganic silt of high 10 66 25 0 68 38 30 1.55 ± 0.15 73 ± 20 67 ± 7 24 ± 6 0.5 ± 0.5 10 to 50 10-4-10-6
compressibility elastic silts
769.231
Soil compaction compressibility Workability
Shearing strength when as
Idapx USCS Geotechnical Name Permeability when compacted when compacted compacted and construction
saturated material
t/m3

2.10 ± 0.10 GW Clean Gravel, Well graded Pervious Excellent Negligible Excellent
2.05 ± 0.10 GP Clean Gravel, Poorly graded Very Pervious Good Negligible Good
2.10 ± 0.15 GM Silty gravel, Poorly graded Semi Pervious to impervious Good Negligible Good
1.90 ± 0.25 GC Clayey Gravel, little fines Impervious Good to Fair Very low Good
2.15 ± 0.10 SW Clean sand, well graded Pervious Excellent Negligible Excellent
2.10 ± 0.10 SP Clean sand, poorly graded Pervious Good Very low Fair
1.95 ± 0.15 SM Silty sand, little fines Semi Pervious to impervious Good Low Fair
SC Clayes silt little fines Impervious Good to Fair Low Good
CL Clayey Silt Impervious Fair Medium Good to fair
2.05 ± 0.20 CH Clay Impervious Poor High Poor
1.95 ± 0.20 OL Organic clayey silt Semi Pervious to impervious Poor Medium Fair
1.95 ± 0.25 OH Organic clay Impervious Poor High Poor
MH Inorganic silt of high compress
Semi Pervious to impervious Fair to medium High Poor
7.05 ± 0.25
2.00 ± 0.25
1.85 ± 0.15

1.85 ± 0.15