Igneous rocks

Earth Science
➢Igneous rock, or magmatic rock, is one of the three main rock
types, the others being sedimentary and metamorphic.
Igneous Rocks
Igneous rocks got their name from
Latin ignis for "fire".
This rocks are formed by volcanic
activity, through the cooling and
solidification of magma or lava.
MAGMA

➢ Magma is a mixture of molten

and semi-molten rock found
beneath the surface of the
Earth.
➢ Is a molten rock that can be
derived from partial melting of
existing rocks in either a
planet's mantle or crust.
➢ All magma develops
underground, in the lower
crust or upper mantle,
because of the intense heat
there.
➢ Consists mainly of
silicon and oxygen (as silica,
SiO2) and lesser amounts of
aluminum (Al), calcium (Ca),
sodium (Na), potassium (K),
magnesium (Mg), and iron
(Fe).
Types Of
Igneous Rock
 EXTRUSIVE

IGNEOUS
ROCK HAVE
TWO MAIN
CATEGORIES
INTRUSIVE
Extrusive Rock
• Extrusive igneous rock or
volcanic are formed on the
surface of the Earth from
lava, which is magma that
has emerged from
underground.
• When lava comes out of
volcano and solidifies into
extrusive rock, the rock
cools very quickly.
Intrusive rock
• Intrusive igneous rock or plutonic (after
Pluto) are igneous rocks formed from
magma that cools and solidifies within
the crust of the planet.
• It is forming deep underground and
taking longer to cool, meaning
they form larger crystals
Extrusive
Rocks Ex. Basalt

Intrusive
Rock

Ex. Granite
 • Texture describes the overall appearance of

Igneous rocks
the igneous rocks based on the size, shape,
and arrangements of the interlocking

may be
crystals.
• The rate of cooling strongly influences the
characterized crystal size.

by their
a) Slow cooling of magma results in the
formation of large crystals; intrusive rocks,

texture and
they have large crystals that are usually
visible without a microscope

composition b) Rapid cooling results into the formation of

small crystals; extrusive rocks
Crystal Size and
Texture
• Coarse-grained –grains (crystals) can be seen
with bare eyes; intrusive.
• Medium-grained –grains can only be seen
through a hand lens.
• Fine-grained –grains can only be seen through
the microscope; extrusive.
A –obsidian(glassy). B –basalt(fine-grained). C –tuff(coarse-grained). D –
diorite(coarse to medium-grained) E –blue corundum crystals(coarse-grained).
F –feldspar crystals(coarse to fine-grained).
Igneous rocks
may be
• The mineral composition is based on the
chemical makeup of the parent magma.

characterized
They may be divided according to light and
dark colored materials such as:

by their a) Light-colored, like granite and rhyolite,

composed of feldspar and quartz
texture and b) Medium-colored, including diorite and

composition
andesite