Engine Oil Requirements for Volkswagen’s Light

Duty Diesel Engines

Dr.-Ing. Sven-Oliver Kossmehl, VOLKSWAGEN AG
Clean Diesel Engines for the North American Market

Motivation/Targets:
Very low fuel consumption
L
Lowest
tEExhaust
h tE Emissions
i i
Preserve Ressources
Increase Comfort
Increase Performance
Reduce Cost

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 Examples of Diesel Engine Features driving the
Requirements for the Engine Oil
High Engine Efficiency – very low Fuel Consumption
- Direct Injection
- Turbo Charged
- High Power Density (~65 kW/L,
kW/L 150Nm/L typical)
Lowest Exhaust Emissions – Blue TDI
- Particulate Trap
- Exhaust Gas Recirculation

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Diesel Power Density against Engine Oil Volume
Most powerful 4 Cylinder Diesel Engines for VW Golf for each Model Year shown

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Different Diesel Fuels – Different Drain Intervals
Major Differences of US Diesel fuel compared to Diesel fuel in the EU:
- Cetane number is lower
- Higher content of aromatic components
- Higher density
- Different Biodiesel components used: primarily Soymethylester
- Higher Biodiesel content in some places
- Oxidation
d stability
b l lower
l

- Risk of more engine oil contamination by fuel

& combustion components
- Riskk off quicker
k oill degradation
d d
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Oil Drain Intervals of Volkswagen Diesel Engines
LongLife Service in Europe: flexibel up to 30.000 km/2 years
Standard Service in USA: 10.000 m/1 year
Oil Drain Length in Month and km - All samples from Germany

25

20
ngth [Month]

15
Oil Drain Len

10

0
0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000
Oil Drain Length [km]

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What are the main performance criteria for a Diesel
engine oil for Volkswagen passenger cars?
Criteria Main Driver
Piston cleanliness Piston temperature (310°C and more)
Ring sticking High specific load
DPF blocking Oil consumption

Wear Oil contamination by fuel

Critical fuel components, high sulfur fuels
Acidification
df & Corrosion
High ash content of the oil
L
Long drain
d i interval
i l
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High Piston Cleanliness and prevent Ring Sticking
Test method: VW PV 1452 (TDI test)
1,9 liter 81 kW TDI engine used

- Piston cleanliness measured acc. to DIN

51349  has to be equal or better than
the reference oil

- Ring sticking
k acc. to CEC M-02-A-93,
ASFmax = 1

Very short test – very severe conditions

- 54 hrs full load
- Diesel fuel with ~3000 ppm sulfur

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Source: Volkswagen AG, I.S.P., 2012
Seite 8 17.04.2012 Dr.-Ing. S.-O. Kossmehl
High Piston Cleanliness and prevent Ring Sticking
Test severity driven by high Temperature & low Fuel
Quality
Pass Result

TTo obtain
bt i passing
i results
lt oilil
formulations must be strong
in several criteria:

- Detergency
- Dispersancy
p y
- Oxidation Stability
- Alcalic Reserve Fail Result
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Prevent Blocking of the Diesel Particulate Trap

Ash from combusted engine oil may block the

particulate trap. This process is not reversible, while
Diesel soot can be removed by a regeneration
g
process.
Entrance of used
Particulte Trap

Therefor, ash containing components of the engine

oil should give as little as possible blocking of the
Failure Mode that has to be prevented:
particulate trap.
Oil Ash blocking filter channels
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GQL-LB Sources: Volkswagen Group, 2011
Prevent Blocking of the Diesel Particulate Trap
Test Rig Installation according to PV 1492

Labor Source: Volkswagen , 2012

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Prevent Blocking of the Diesel Particulate Trap
Engine Oil Test Procedure: VW PV 1485
Effect of ash giving additives measured as backpressure increase.

Engine
g Dynamometer
y Test: 1,9L
, 96 kW PD TDI Engine
g

Test procedure:

without Phase 1/5 hrs: Engine run in – ref oil

DPF
Phase 2/2 hrs: Flush run - candidate
1 Exhaust Temperature 4. Exhaust Backpressure
2. Exhaust Pressure 5. Exhaust Flow Direction
DPF Phase 3/0,75 hrs: DPF conditioning - candidate
3 Exhaust Pressure
3.
installed
Phase 4/24 hrs: Oil consumption run - candidate

Phase 5/0,75 hrs: DPF conditioning - candidate

Phase 6/144 hrs: Ash loading – full load measurement of backpressure

Result: increase of backpressure/oil consumption after 144 hrs ash loading phase

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Betriebsstoffe Source: VW PV 1485, 2008
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 Prevent Blocking of the Diesel Particulate Trap
Results of the Test with a „Pass
Pass“ Candidate Oil
Procedure PV 1485
T llength:
Test h 144 h
hrs
Oil type VW 50700
„LowSAPS“
L SAPS“
SAE 5W-30

Limit is: max. 6mbar/kg

- Very little
l l increase off backpressure
b k allowed
ll d

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Wear Testing on TDI Diesel Engines
RNT (Radionuclid Wear Measurement) Test VW PV 1473
4 cyl. 1,9 L
77 kW TDI
with unit
injectors

Wear is continously measured

Several different dynamic cycles
250 hrs & 650 hrs depending on specification
Doted Parts rated: cams & tappets
Plus: main & con rod bearing shells, piston rings
Wear limits for all parts defined
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Elastomer Compatibility for Diesel Engine Oils
Diesel Engine Cleanliness asks for strong Detergency
Elastomer materials must be protected.
Measures:
1. Elastomer compatibility Test PV 3344:
FPM AEM,
FPM, AEM ACM
criteria: Tensile strength, elongation
rupture, hardness Shore A, weight
variation
2. Severe elastomer test oil was defined to
develop elastomer materials – TL 52185

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 Approved Engine Oils for Use in Diesel Engines

For all Diesel For all Diesel

Criteria engines
g with engines
g without
Particulate traps particulate traps
Viscosity Class SAE 5W-30 SAE 5W-40
Specifcation VW 50700 VW 50501
HTHS-Viscosity ≥ 3,5 ≥ 3,5 mPa*s
Sulfated Ash 0.6 to 0.8 Max. 0.8 M%
Total base number 6.0 to 7.0 7.0 to 8.0 mgKOH/g
Phosphor Content 600 to 800 ~ 800 ppm
Additive Package
15.0 to >20.0 12.0 to >15.0 M%
Concentration
Types of base Oils Gp III, Gp IV, Gp V Gp III

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 Development of Volkswagen Engine Oil Standards
Main Steps to Develop Oil Test Methods

Engine Test Meeting of Precision

Experiences Criteria

V lk
Volkswagen
Inhouse Oil Test Test Installation in
Development Engine Oil Independant Labs

Standard

CEC Oil Test Referencing of

Development external Labs

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Service Engine Oil Quality Levels
for VOLKSWAGEN Group Cars

VW 50400
VW 50700
VW 50200 VW 50200
VW 50500 VW 50501

medium quality level high quality level

standard drain long drain
low Ash – for DPF
w/o unit inj. w unit injector w unit injector
FE-properties
For FSI
0W-x, 5W-x, 10W-x (x=30, 40) SAE 5W-30 only
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 The Volkswagen Engine Oil Approval System

- Open for every engine oil manufacturer

Volkswagen Engine Oil Standards and all test procedures are public
- Original-, Reblend- and Rebrand-Approvals possible
- Validity of engine oil approvals is limited to max. 3 years, Rebrand‘s
Rebrand s
validities depend on validity at the time of approval.
- Validity of test data is limited to 5 years.
- Tests accepted from independent labs only
- Official approval letter will be issued after succesful approval process
- Current status: several hundred engine oils of many different oil companies
around the world are approved.

Labor Volkswagen Engine Oil Approval Letter

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 Engine Oil Requirements for Volkswagen’s Light
Duty Diesel Engines - Summary
- Latest Diesel Engines are highly efficient and fulfill all emission
regulations
- This engine technology requests high performance engine oils.
- Volkswagen has developed own Diesel engine oil standards.
standards
Tests for engine cleanliness, protection of the particulate trap, wear
protection, elastomer compatibility were defined.
Volkswagen plays an active role in the design of the ACEA Oil
Sequences and CEC test developments
- Volkswagen is running an own engine oil approval system –
approved engine oils are available world wide

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