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1
I. COMPOUND MICROSCOPE
The microscope is one of the most expensive apparatuses in a science laboratory. Therefore, extra
care should be taken when using this equipment. One must be familiar with the parts and functions of
the microscope in order to undertake the proper troubleshooting and maintenance procedures
mentioned in this manual.
1*
2*
8*
4*
3* 9*
5*
7*
12*
6* 10*
11*
13*
Figure 1-A. Compound Microscope
7 Arm The arm supports the body tube and connects it to the base.
8 Coarse Adjustment Knob The coarse adjustment knob is the first step for focusing and
scanning of the specimen.
9 Fine Adjustment Knob The fine adjustment knob is used for fine focusing, so as to get a
clearer view of the specimen.
10 Tilt Joint The tilt joint allows the user to incline the upper portion of the
microscope to facilitate viewing of the specimen.
11 Mirror The mirror reflects light from a source up through the stage and
to the specimen.
12 Diaphragm The diaphragm is a rotating disc located below the stage. It is used
to control the amount of light reaching the specimen.
13 Base The base is the bottom part which supports the whole unit.
A. PROPER HANDLING
1. Always lift the microscope with two hands: one hand holding the arm, the other hand
supporting the base.
2. Avoid touching the lenses and mirror with bare hands to prevent smearing.
B. MAINTENANCE
C. STORAGE
Proper storage should be observed. Protect the microscope from dust and fungi by (a) storing it
inside a wooden box or (b) cover it with plastic. Better yet, (c) place the apparatus inside a storage
cabinet when not in use as shown in Figure 1-D. Place silica gel in the wooden box or cabinet to
absorb moisture.
a b
The following tools and materials are needed in cleaning and repairing a microscope:
Table 1-C. TOOLS AND MATERIALS NEEDED FOR CLEANING AND REPAIRING
TOOLS MATERIALS
• Cotton
• 8” Flat screwdriver
• Tissue paper
• Precision screwdrivers
• Cotton buds
• Scissors
• Pointed toothpick
• 1” paint brush
• Lens opener
• 70% Ethyl alcohol
(Fabricated from gauge 18 metal sheet.
See Figure 1-E below for details.)
Before cleaning the eyepiece lens, identify if it is coated or not through the reflection in an open area.
Non-coated lens’ reflection is non-colored while the coated lens’ reflection is colored.
Procedure:
Clean the eyepiece lens first since this part can be easily contaminated. After cleaning, you can use
this to magnify defects when inspecting the other parts of the microscope.
Eye
Usually, the eyepiece has two lenses as shown in Figure 1-I. The exposed surface is more likely to
get stained, thus, it needs to be cleaned more often than the inner surface. Just wipe the outer
surface with cotton buds moistened with a small amount of alcohol. If you can still see stains, you
should open the eyepiece and clean the inner surface of the lenses.
Exposed surface
Inner surface
Exposed surface
To clean, gently wipe the surfaces of the upper and lower lenses using cotton buds moistened with
a small amount of ethyl alcohol. Wipe from the center towards the edges in a circular motion (a).
If you want to clean the edge designated by the red arrow (b), you can use pointed toothpicks
covered with tissue paper or cotton (c).
a b
Check the objective lens for dirt and growth of fungus. Using the cleaned eyepiece as magnifier,
you can see the outer surface of the objective lens.
Clean Eyepiece
Objective
Objective lenses usually consist of more than two components; the lenses are smaller and more
complex than the eyepiece lens. So when you open the objective lenses, you should take note of
the sequence and correct position of the parts by placing the components in array. As a rule, the
first component to be removed is the last to be replaced; the last to be detached is the first to be
restored.
1 2 3 4
4X
1 2 3 4 5
10X
1 2 3 4 5 6
40X
a. If the lock ring is near the opening, b. If the lock ring is far from the opening,
use short type lens opener. use long type lens opener.
Figure 1-L. Removing the lock rings
After you open the objective lens, wipe the inner and outer surfaces of the lens using cotton buds
moistened with a small amount of ethyl alcohol.
Most microscopes have a mirror. The mirror reflects light from the sun or from a lamp. It is important
to regularly clean this part for the microscope to function efficiently.
Procedure:
Solution: Adjust the tightness of the rack and pinion gear assembly.
Procedure:
a
REMOVE
b c
2. Make a spacer using thin aluminum sheet like the ones obtained from softdrink cans (a). Vary the
thickness of the sheet to get the required clearance between the pinion gear and rack. Put the
spacer as illustrated in the picture below. Replace the rack atop the spacer (b).Tighten the screws
you removed earlier.
Procedure:
1. Turn the coarse adjustment knob counterclockwise until the barrel separates from the rest of the
microscope (See Figure 1-O on page 64).
REMOVE
3. Remove the cover by removing two screws (a). Upon removal of the cover, a dovetail-shaped
attachment with spring (b) will be visible. To view the fine adjustment mechanism, remove the
dovetail-shaped mechanism (c). Make sure that the spring is not lost during removal. If the spring
is lost, it should be replaced.
SPRING
REMOVE
a b c
Figure 1-R. Opening the fine adjustment mechanism
4. Sometimes, the small bolt (1) is too tight (see Figure 1-S). Use a screwdriver in unscrewing the
small bolt. The “linkage” (2) should move when the fine adjustment knob is turned.
1
2
Figure 1-S. Fine adjustment mechanism