2019 Computer 11 CH 1

Prepared by: Ahmed Hassan Khan Overview of Computer System First Year Chapter # 1
EXERCISE
Q 1. Select the best answer for the following MCQs.
i. _____ of the following is the smallest computer.
A. Mainframe B. Minicomputer
C. Microcomputer D. Supercomputer
ii. How many instructions per second a Minicomputer can execute?
A. Thousands of instructions B. Millions of instructions
C. Billions of instructions D. Above trillions instructions
iii. What type of software MS Word is?
A. System Software B. Application Software
C. Utility Software D. Language Processor
iv. _____ device is most suitable for playing games.
A. Mouse B. Keyboard C. Joystick D. Light Pen
v. Which of the following is an impact printer?
A. Dot Matrix B. LASER C. Inkjet D. Plotter
vi. _____ software controls the operation of a hardware device.
A. Utility software B. Language Processor
C. Application Software D. Device driver
vii. Which of the following device is used to print large size hardcopy?
A. Plotters B. Inkjet Printer C. LASER Printer D. Chain Printer
(Note:- LASER stands for “Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation”)
viii. Which of the following device coverts spoken words into electrical form?
A. Touch Pad B. Microphone C. Scanner D. Digital Camera
ix. _____ software converts computer programs to machine language.
A. Utility Program B. Device Driver
C. Language Processor D. Application Software
x. Which of the following is productivity software?
A. Spread Sheet Software B. Utility Software
C. Windows 7 D. Compiler
Q 2. Answer the following questions briefly.

Ans.
i. Give important characteristics of computers.
Ans. Following are the important characteristics of computer:
1. High Speed: It can execute Millions of Instructions Per Second (MIPS).
2. Accuracy: It has a high degree of accuracy in its results.
3. Reliability: Due to high degree of accuracy in its results, it is more reliable.
4. Large Storage: A modern Micro-Computer can store 10’s of Giga Bytes of storage.
5. Versatility: It means the capacity to perform completely different type of work.
i.e. Prepare payroll slips, inventory management or to prepare electric
bills.
6. Diligence: It is free from tiredness, lack of concentration, fatigue, etc.
Punjab College of Comm. Cantt. Campus Updated: 05/09/2019 Page 1 of 25

ii. Compare microcomputer with mainframe computer.
Ans.
Microcomputer Mainframe Computer
1. Size: They are smaller in size. Size: They are large in size.
2. Cost: They are cheaper. Cost: They are more expensive.
3. Speed: It can execute about Millions Speed: It can execute about Trillions
Instructions Per Second (MIPS). Instructions Per Second (TIPS).
4. Application Areas: They are used in Application Areas: They are used in Large
Home for personal use as well as for Corporations, Banks, Universities, and
Business Applications. Scientific Laboratories etc.
5. User Support: They can support single User Support: They can support thousands
user and multiple user (in a Network) of users.
6. Example: IBM ThinkPad, Toshiba Example: IBM’s Enterprise EC12, EC196 and
Satellite Series, Dell XPS, HP Envy Series HP 16500 series.
and Apple series.
iii. Give few application areas of Supercomputers. FBISE 2018 (03)

Ans. Supercomputers are used to process complex calculations as well as designing and
controlling of complicated machines. They are used in the following areas:
1. Designing and controlling Rockets.
2. Designing and controlling Fighter Planes.
3. Nuclear research
4. Weather forecasting etc.
5. Atomic Energy Research Center
iv. Name few organizations of Pakistan where Supercomputers are used.

Ans. In Pakistan Supercomputers programs are used in the following organizations:
1. National University of Science and Technology (NUST). (Pakistan’s Fastest Supercomputer)
2. Atomic Energy Research Center
3. Ghulam Ishaq Khan (GIK) Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology
4. COMSAT Institute of Information Technology
5. Kahuta Research Laboratories (KRL)
6. Kohat University of Science and Technology (KUST)
v. How barcode system works in a shopping mall?

Ans. Barcode reader is also a type of scanner which is used to scan barcode, also called
UPC (Universal Product Code), available on various products. These barcodes contain
information about the product like name of the product, company, manufacturing date,
expiry date, etc. This information is provided to the computer for further processing like
generating bills at check out in shopping malls. Prices are normally provided. Prices are also
included in barcodes.

vi. Differentiate between Computer Hardware and Software.
Computer Software Computer Hardware
1. Software consists of programs. Hardware consists of physical components.
2. Software cannot be executed without Hardware cannot perform any task without
hardware. software.
3. Software can’t be touched. Hardware can be seen and touched.
4. Software is debugged in case of problem. Hardware is repaired in case of problem.
5. Software is reinstalled if the problem is Hardware is replaced if the problem is not
not solved. solved.
6. Examples: MS Word, Windows Xp etc. Examples: Keyboard, Mouse etc.
vii. Differentiate between System Software and Application Software.

System Software Application Software
1. A collection of system programs to A set of programs designed to perform a
control and coordinate the activities of a specific task.
computer system.
2. Types: Types:
 Operating System  Productivity Software
 Device Drivers  Business Software
 Utility Software  Entertainment Software
 Language Processors  Educational Software
3. Examples: Windows Xp, Device Drivers. Examples: MS Word, Games etc.
4. They provide a platform for application They do not provide a platform for other
software. software.
5. The number of System Software run on The number of Application Software run on
the computer is less in number. the computer is more in number.
6. It can exist as a lone entity. It needs System Software for its existence.
viii. Define Licensed Software.

Ans. A software license is a legal agreement that specifies the terms of use for a
computer program. It defines the rights of the software developer and the user. When a
person purchases software, he is allowed to use the software, which means he is not the
owner of the software. Generally all the system software and application software are
licensed.
Examples of licensed software are Microsoft Windows and Microsoft Office.
ix. Differentiate between Shareware and Freeware.

Ans.
Shareware Freeware
1. They are given to people free of charge They are available for use free of cost for
for a limited time period. unlimited period.
2. After the expiry time, the software They are not expired, used for long time.
should be purchased for further usage.
3. Shareware is a trial version and its They are full versions and provide full
functionality is limited. functionality.
4. Full versions are available but stop at the They don’t stop working after a time
end of trial period. period.
5. The trial period is usually 30 to 60 days. They are free for long time.
6. Example: Antivirus and Games. Example: Skype, Viber and Mozila etc.
x. Briefly describe Magnetic Strip Card.
Ans. Magnetic strip card has a magnetic strip which is used to store data in the form of
tiny magnetized and non-magnetized particles of magnetic material. The information on the
card is read by swiping the card past a magnetic reading head. Examples of these cards
include credit cards, ATM cards, VISA and MasterCard, Driving license and membership
cards.
xi. Give any five advantages of using LCD monitor over CRT monitor.
Ans. Following are the advantages of using LCD monitor over CRT monitor:
Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)
1. They are bulky. They are light in weight.
2. They consume large power. They consume less power.
3. Difficult to port. They are easily portable.
4. More effect on eyes. Less effect on eyes.
5. They are use cathode ray tube They use liquid crystal technology to display.
technology to display.
xii. Why LED monitors are better choice than LCDs? Give three reasons to support your
answer.
Ans. LEDs monitors are better choice than LCDs due to the following reasons:
1. LED monitor is a light weight flat panel display unit.
2. LED monitors produce bright images than LCDs.
3. LED monitor emit less radiations than LCDs.
4. LED monitor consumes less power as compare to LCDs.
5. Lifespan is longer than LCDs.
6. LED monitor uses LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes) as pixel for display.
7. LED monitor run at lower temperature.
Note:- The only drawback is that LEDs are expensive than other types of monitors.
xiii. Why Dot-Matrix printers are becoming obsolete?

Ans. Dot-matrix printers are becoming obsolete due to the following reasons:
1. They are impact printer i.e. old technology.
2. They produce noise because they use striking mechanism just like typewriter.
3. They are slow in speed because they are character printers.
4. Their print quality is low because they print with the help of a matrix of pins.
Note:- They are cheapest printer and still in use in universities for student ordinary use.
xiv. What are the advantages of using LASER Printer over Dot-Matrix Printer?
Ans. Following are the advantages of using LASER printer over Dot-Matrix printer:
Dot-Matrix Printer LASER Printer
1. They use striking mechanism. They use non-striking mechanism.
2. They produce noise while printing. They produce no noise while printing.
3. They are character printers. They are page printers.
4. They are slow in speed. They are very fast in speed.
5. Their print quality is low. Their print quality is very fine.

xv. Give any three uses of plotters.
Ans. Plotters are the output devices used to produce large size hard copy output and used
in the following areas:
1. They are used for variety of plotting civil engineering drawings i.e. building model.
2. They are used for computer aided drawings i.e. design of a circuit for CPU.
3. They are used for plotting machine components i.e. design of an aircraft.
4. They are used to produce large size of panaflex i.e. advertisements on billboards.
5. They are used in line-art applications i.e. Art sketch and drawings.
6. They are used in architecture i.e. to draw maps of buildings.
Q 3. Answer the following questions.

What is computer software? Explain System Software and Application Software in
detail by giving examples. FBISE 2018 (06)
i. Describe the types of System Software.
Definition:
It is a collection of system programs the control and coordinates the activities of a
computer system.
Types of System Software:
The types of System Software are as follows:
1. Operating System
2. Device Drivers
3. Utility Software
4. Language Processor/ Translators
1. Operating System:
Definition:
Operating System manages the hardware and software resources of a computer system,
such as CPU, storage devices and all the input/ output devices.
Examples:
Some commonly used operating systems are Windows, Linux, UNIX, Macintosh and
Androids.
Functions / Tasks:
Operating System performs the following tasks.
i. Allocates system resources
ii. Managing files by maintaining a proper file and folder system
iii. Load and executes application software
iv. Controls the operations of all input/ output devices
v. Maintains security
vi. Controls network operations
vii. Provides user interface
2. Device Drivers:
Definition:
Device drivers are system software that controls the operation of hardware devices.
Explanation:
When we attach any type of device, such as printer, scanner, network card, or digital
camera to a computer, it will not work without a device driver. We have to first install
the driver of a device in our computer before using it. Device Drivers are provided by the
device manufacturers.

Plug – n – Play:
Some devices like Mouse, Keyboard, Monitor, USB Flash drive, etc. are “Plug – n – Play”
devices. Their software is preinstalled with Windows. When we attach the device
computer automatically recognize them.
3. Utility Software:
Definition:
Utility software (or simply utilities) provides additional facilities to carry out tasks which
are beyond the capabilities of the operating system.
Example:
A few important utilities are disk defragmenter, disk cleaner, fine compression utilities,
antivirus utility, file manager, network utilities and utilities to configure hardware
devices.
4. Language Processors/ Translators:

Definition:
Language processors are used to translate computer programs written in Assembly
Language or High Level Language into Machine Language before execution.
Types of Language Processor:

a. Assembler
b. Compiler
c. Interpreter
a. Assembler:
It is software that translates Assembly Language program into Machine
Language. Assembly Language consists of symbolic abbreviations called
“mnemonics” which must be translated into Machine Language before
execution by the computer. Each computer has its own Assembly Language.
b. Compiler:
It is software that translates a program written in a High Level Language into
Machine Language. It converts the entire program into Machine Language before
execution by the computer.
c. Interpreter:
It is software that translates High Level Language into Machine Language but it
translates one instruction at a time and executes it immediately before
translating the next instruction.
ii. Why Scanners are used? Describe their types.

Ans.
Definition:
Scanner is an optical device that optically scans printing or handwritten text and images and
stores them in computer memory in digital form.
Application Areas:
Now-a-days, scanners are widely used to get drawings and photographs into computer
systems for incorporation into documents and books which are made up electronically prior
to printing.
Types of Scanners:
There are different types of scanners:
a. Hand-held Scanner
b. Flatbed Scanner
c. Barcode Reader
a. Hand-held Scanner:
To scan an image, the hand-held scanner is dragged over the image to be
scanned. The hand-held scanner should be moved carefully with uniform speed
because uneven scanning rate would produce distorted image. Hand-held
scanners are very useful for scanning articles from magazine, newspapers and
books.
b. Flatbed Scanner:
In a flatbed scanner, the image to be scanned is placed face down on the glass
and a cover is lowered over it to execute light. The camera moves across glass
pane, reading the entire area.
c. Barcode Reader:
Barcode reader is also a type of scanner which is used to scan barcode, also
called UPC (Universal Product Code), available on various products. These
barcode contain information about the product like name of product, company,
manufacturing date, expiry date etc. This information is provided to the
computer for further processing like generating bills at checkouts in shopping
malls.
iii. What are Output Devices? Explain its types.

Ans.
Definition:
Output devices are used to transfer information from computer memory to the outside
world.
Example:
Output devices consist of Monitor, Printer, Speaker and Plotter etc.
Explanation:
The output may be divided into two categories as follows:
a. Softcopy Output:
The output in the form of data or information stored on a storage device or
displayed on a monitor is called softcopy output.
Example:
1. Monitors
2. Storage Devices
b. Hardcopy Output:
The output generated on paper by an output device such as printer or plotters is
called hardcopy output.
Example:
1. Printers
2. Plotters
3. Speakers
iv. Why Plotters are used? Briefly explain their types.
Ans.
Definition:
Plotters are output devices used to produce large size hardcopy output.
Application Areas:
Plotters are used for variety of applications, which include
1. Drawing graphs
2. Making maps
3. Plotting civil engineering drawings
4. Plotting Machine Components
5. Plotting large size panaflex
Types of Plotters:
Plotters are of two types:
1. Flatbed Plotters
2. Drum Plotters
1. Flatbed Plotters:
Flatbed plotters plot on paper that is spread and fixed over a rectangular flatbed.
Pens of different colors are mounted in the pen holding mechanism that moves on
the surface to draw the image.
2. Drum Plotters:
In drum plotter, paper/sheet is fed from one side and drum of the plotter and drum
of the plotter rotates to move the paper to the other side. These plotters are used to
print large size of panaflex.
v. What is Non-Impact Printer? Describe its types.

Ans.
Definition:
Non-impact printers produce a printed image without striking the paper.
Explanation:
The printing quality and speed of these printers is better than impact printers. These
printers produce very little noise while printing.
Types of Non-Impact Printer:

1. Inkjet Printers/ Deskjet Printers
2. LASER Printers
1. Inkjet Printers:
Definition:
Inkjet printers form characters and all kind of images by spraying small drops of ink
on the paper.
Characteristics of Inkjet Printers:
Following are the characteristics of Inkjet/ Deskjet printers:
1. Inkjet printers are character printers.
2. They are slow in speed.
3. They are cheap.
4. They are quiet in operations.
5. They can print in black and multicolor
6. Their print quality is lower than LASER printers.
2. LASER Printers:
Definition:
LASER printers print text and all kind of images by electro-photographic technology
similar to photocopiers.
Characteristics of LASER Printers:
Following are the characteristics of LASER printers:
1. LASER printers are page printers.
2. They are very fast in speed.
3. They are a little expensive.
4. They are quiet in operations.
5. They can print in black and multicolor.
6. Their print quality is very fine.

Short Notes
Q 1. What is a Computer?
Ans.
Definition 1: It is an electronic device that accepts data (as input), perform operations (as
processing) on data at very high speed and produces results (as output).
Definition 2: It is a programmable machine that executes a programmed list of instruction
that it is provided to perform certain tasks.
Definition 3: A digital computer is a machine that can solve problems for people by carrying
out instructions given to it.
Components of a Computer:
The components of a computer system are as follows:
1. The Central Processing Unit (CPU)
2. Input Devices
3. Output Devices
4. Primary Storage
5. Secondary Storage and
6. Communication Devices
The CPU also called brain of the computer system is the main component of a computer
that interprets and executes instructions.
Q 2. What is the role of a computer in Mobile Phones, toys, microware and MP3
Players?
Ans.
Microcontroller:
A microcontroller is a compact integrated circuit designed to govern a specific operation in
an embedded system.
A typical microcontroller includes processor(s), memory and input/ output (I/O) peripherals
on a single chip.
These small computers (microcontrollers) are embedded in Mobile Phones, toys, microwave
and MP3 Players etc. They are used to control the operations of these devices.
Q 3. What are computing devices?

Ans.
Definition: All machines, components or devices that contain embedded, specialized
computer are called computing devices.
These devices contain embedded computer chips which allow these devices to do special
computing tasks.
Example:
Following are the examples of computing devices:
1. ATM Machine, gives banking transactions facilities.
2. Digital Alarm Clock, sets the time for alarm and manages calendar.
3. Digital Washing Machine, can programmed to wash clothes.
4. Microwave Oven, is programmed for cooking.
5. Toys, are programmed to perform specific actions.
6. Cell Phones
7. CD Player etc.

Q 4. What are the basic operations of a Computer?
Ans. Any computer system, regardless of its size, is capable of performing the following
basic operations:
1. Input Operation:
Accepting data from an input device and present to processor for processing.
2. Processing Operation:
Performing Arithmetic and Logical Operations.
Arithmetic Operations include Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication and Division.
Logical Operations include comparison of different values and decision making.
3. Output Operation:
Sending result to an output device. For example,
a. Results are displayed on monitor screen,
b. Printed on paper using printer and
c. Send to any other output device or storage device.
4. Storage Operation:
Writing data to a storage device such as hard disk or USB flash drive.
Q 5. What are the factors on which computers are classified?

Ans. Computers are classified according to the following factors:
1. Physical Size
2. Cost
3. Speed, etc.
Based on the above factors computers are classified into four categories:
1. Supercomputer
2. Mainframe computer
3. Minicomputer
4. Microcomputer
Q 6. Write a note on Supercomputer and Minicomputer.

Ans.
Supercomputer:
Following are the features of Supercomputer:
1. They are the largest computers.
2. They are the powerful computers.
3. They are most expensive computers.
4. They are used to process complex calculations.
5. They are used for designing and controlling of complicated machines, such as
rockets and fighter planes.
6. They are used in nuclear research.
7. They are used in weather forecasting which require huge amount of calculations to
be performed at high speed.
8. The best known supercomputer are built by Cray Inc. an American Supercomputer
manufacturers and International Business Machine (IBM).
9. In Pakistan supercomputers are used in Atomic Energy Research Center.
According to the 2017 research of world number 1 Supercomputer is:
Name : Sunway TaihuLight
Location : National Supercomputing Center in Wuxi, China
CPUs : 10 million+ CPU cores
Speed : 93 petaflops
Application : created the biggest, most detailed simulation of the universe.
Minicomputer:
Following are the features of Minicomputer:
1. These computers were larger in size than microcomputers.
2. These computers were more expensive than microcomputers.
3. They were faster than microcomputers.
4. Minicomputer and its peripheral equipment can usually fill a small room.
5. They support hundreds of users at a time.
6. They can execute Billions of Instructions Per Second (BIPS).
7. They are widely used in
a. Industrial Process Control
b. Scientific Research and
c. Small Business Applications.
8. Examples are:
a. IBM System/36 and
b. HP 3000.
Due to advancement in technology modern microcomputers performance is increasing day
by day and they are replacing minicomputers.
Q 7. What is Mobile Computing?

Ans. It refers to a variety of small portable devices that allow people to access data and
information from anywhere in a wireless network system. Mobile computing devices run on
batteries and have limited functionally as compared to laptops. Popular mobile computing
devices are Tablet PCs., PDAs (Personal Data Assistants) and Smartphones.
Q 8. What is Internet of Things (IoT)? FBISE 2018 (03)

Ans. It is the interconnection between computer network and physical devices to collect
and exchange data.
Devices used in daily life can be equipped with wireless connectivity, and embedded with
1. Software,
2. Sensors,
3. Actuators,
4. Cameras,
5. Microphones and
6. Other instruments that enable them to collect and share data.
All kinds of household items can be modified to work in an Internet of Things System. These
devices are known as smart devices and they are designed in such a way that they can
interact with human beings through wireless connection.
Q 9. What is a Smart Home Application of IoT?

Ans. Smart Home is a popular application of IoT. In future IoT will allow us to switch on a
conditioning before reaching home or switch off lights after leaving home. There are home
equipped with various types of electronic devices that can be controlled remotely with
smart phone or computer through IoT system.
Q 10. What is a Cloud Computing?

Ans. Cloud computing means instead of buying and installing your own computer system
and software at your workplace, you can get it as a service provided and managed by
another company. You can perform computing task through access to service over the
Internet. It does not matter where the hardware and software located. It is just somewhere
in the “CLOUD”. It is a way of outsourcing your computing requirements.
Advantages:
1. You don’t have to buy and maintain a complete computer system.
2. It cuts the cost of buying computers and peripherals.
3. You are not worried about equipment going out of data and other problems related
with the system security and reliability.
Disadvantages:
1. It requires a reliable high speed broadband connection functioning the whole time
you are working.
2. The privacy and security risk of having valuable data on someone else’s system in an
unknown location.
Q 11. What are Data Centers?

Ans. Data center is a centralized location for collecting, storing, processing and
distribution of vast amount of data.
It consists of:
 Servers
 Routers
 Switches, and
 Backup Equipment.
A data center facility usually requires:
 Air conditioning
 Fire suppression
 Smoke detection and
 Security entry
It may be a housed in:
 A room
 An entire building or
 A group of buildings.
Organizations use large amount of data and thus have requirement for data center such as:
 Government agencies
 Banks
 Educational Institutions
 Telecommunication companies and
 Social Networking Services
Many companies are moving their data centers to cloud services to cut the cost of running
their own computing networks and servers.
Q 12. What is an Application Software? Describe its types.

Ans.
Definition: It is a set of programs designed to perform a specific task.
Example:
 Payroll Processing produces pay slips and
 Examination Result Processing produces mark sheets along with some other
statistical reports.
Some types of application software are:
1. Productivity Software
2. Business Software
3. Entertainment Software
4. Educational Software

1. Productivity Software:
They are used to improve the way people do their work. It spreads up the daily
routine tasks perform by individuals and teams by eliminating the repetitive tasks.
Productivity software includes:
 Word-processing
 Spreadsheet
 Database Management and
 Graphic Software
2. Business Software:
They are used to run business activities. It helps in efficiently running business
functions of a company. Examples of business software are:
 Payroll
 Accounting
 Inventory and
 Retail software
3. Entertainment Software:
They are used to entertain people. It includes:
 Games
 Audio Video Player etc.
4. Educational Software:
They are used for learning purpose. Examples are programs that:
 Teaches about human body
 Working of an Engine
 Solar System
 Typing
 Foreign Language
 Music and
 Subject Like Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry etc.
Q 13. List down different Internet Applications.

Ans. Internet applications are as follows:
1. Web Applications
2. Cloud Computing Applications
3. Social Media Network Applications
Q 14. Write a note on Web Applications.

Ans.
Definition:
A Web Application is a program that runs on a remote server while its users interact with it
through a Web browser.
Example:
Some common Web Applications include:
1. Web-based email programs (such as Gmail, Hotmail)
2. Online Ticketing Service
3. On line banking service
4. Online auction
5. Online retail sales
6. Instant messaging services etc.

Q 15. What is a Social Media Network Application?
Ans.
Social Media Network Application:
It is an Internet-based communication system that allows the creation and exchange of:
 Information
 Ideas
 Common Interest and
 Other forms of expression
Social Media websites connect users with their:
 Friends
 Family and
 Colleagues through the use of Internet.
Example:
Some popular examples of social media are:
 Facebook
 Twitter
 WhatsApp
Q 16. Describe some popular Social Media Network Applications.

Ans. Some popular Social Media Network Applications are as follows:
1. Facebook
2. Twitter
3. WhatsApp
1. Facebook:
It is one of the fastest growing free social networking services used by millions of
people all over the world. It allows registered users to create profile and exchange
messages, photos, videos and links with other users. It helps users stay updated
with what is happening around the world. It provides a platform by which users can
create groups and pages based on their common interests and share views and
ideas.
2. Twitter:
It is an online news and social networking service which allows subscribers to
broadcast short messages to other subscribers of the service. The short messages
are known as “tweets” are restricted to 140 characters. It is free to join service. It is
totally different from email and more like a news broadcast. Users of Twitter service
type short statements about what is going on in their life, what they are doing and
what their thoughts and opinions are on specific topics or current affairs. People all
over the world are continually broadcasting tweets which can be viewed by anyone.
3. WhatsApp:
It is a free instant messaging service for smartphone users to exchange text,
photos, videos and audio messages through Internet. It has become the largest
messaging service around the world. It’s very popular among teenagers because of
features like group chatting, voice messages and location sharing. It was started for
Android mobile devices but now it is available for iPhone, BlackBerry, Windows
Phone and Nokia smartphone also.

Q 17. Write a note on Open Source Software.
Ans. It is computer software that is available in the form of source code that allows users
to study, change and improve it. Open Source Software is free for inspection, modification
and distribution. It allows certain rights which are normally protected by Copyright Law.
Linux operating system is open source software.
Q 18. What is a Firmware and Groupware?

Ans.
Firmware:
Firmware is an intermediate form between hardware and software. It consists of software
embedded in electronic devices during their manufacturing. Firmware is used when the
programs are rarely or never expected to be changed.
Example:
Examples are, in toys, appliances and ROM(BIOS). Firmware is also used when the program
must not be lost when the power is off.
Groupware:
Software designed to facilitate collective working by a number of different users while
working on different computers at different locations.
Example:
Examples are, e-mail, Skype, Whatsapp etc.
Q 19. What is an Internet Application Security? How to ensure Internet Application

Security?
Ans.
What is an Internet Application Security?
It refers to preventive measures against threads that can harm the Internet applications.
Internet applications are available 24/7 and offers access to many people leading to high
risk of intrusion. Internet applications are venerable to a wide variety of threats. Hackers
can steel, modify or delete sensitive data.
How to ensure Internet Application Security?

To ensure Internet application security, it is essential to continuously monitor the activity of
server on which the application is running and block hackers trying to obtain sensitive data.
Internet application security system consists of:

1. Firewalls
2. Anti-virus Programs
3. Spyware Detection
4. Removal Programs and
5. Encryption/ Decryption programs
Q 20. What are Input Devices? Describe different types of Input Devices.
Ans.
Definition:
The devices that accept data and convert it into machine readable form called input devices.
These devices are often referred to as Peripherals because they are physically separated
from the system unit.
Example:
Input device are Keyboard, mouse, joystick, microphone and image scanners.
1. Keyboard:
Keyboard is the primary input device for the input data to a computer, although
voice input devices may ultimately supersede it. It operates by converting key
presses to electronic signals in digital form. Keyboard has the standard character
keys together with numeric keys and special keys.
2. Pointing Devices:
Definition:
Pointing devices are used to control the movement of the pointer (cursor) to select
items on a screen or open computer programs of files.
Example:
Commonly used pointing device are mouse, trackball, joystick, touch screen, light
pen and touch pad.
a. Mouse:
Mouse is a pointing device. As we move the mouse over the surface of desk, the
movements of the ball are detected by the internal mechanism. At the front of
the mouse’s casing are two or three buttons. These buttons are used to perform
tasks, such as picking options displayed on the screen,.
Optical mouse is becoming very popular and it is replacing the mechanical

mouse. An optical mouse uses a light-emitting diode and photodiodes to detect
movement relative to the underlying surface, rather than internal moving parts
(mouse ball and rollers) as in mechanical mouse.
Mouse is an essential part of the hardware in almost all the microcomputers

running Windows and other application software.
b. Trackball:
Trackball remains stationary on the surface. The ball, at the top, is rolled with
figures. It has buttons that are used to perform operations similar to those
performed by a mouse.
c. Joystick:
Joystick is commonly used for playing computer games. It is fixed on the table
and it has a stick in the center that can be tilted in any direction. The stick is held
and when it is tilted in any direction, the movement is translated into the
movement of an object on the screen. The buttons are used to perform actions
such as firing guns and LASERS.
d. Touch Screen:
A touch screen is a computer display screen. It is an input as well as output
device. The screen is sensitive to pressure. User interacts with the computer by
touching pictures or words on the screen. Instead of using a pointing device user
can use finger to point directly to objects on the screen. Touch screens are
generally attached to computers but they are also popular in other devices such
as mobile phones, satellite navigators and Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs).

e. Light Pen:
It looks like a pen with a photocell at its tip. It is used to point to an object or
draw on the screen. It gives more accuracy than pointing with our finger on the
touch screen. It is mainly used in engineering for designing purpose.
f. Touch Pad:
Touch pad is used in laptop computers. It is a pointing device that can sense the
movement and position of finger on the pad. They are commonly used as an
alternate to computer mouse in a laptop computer. There are two buttons
located above or below the pad and their function is the same as the buttons on
the mouse.
3. Microphone:
Microphone is used to convert the spoken words to digital signals for computer
input. It converts audio signals to electrical waves and these are converted by
electronic circuitry in the computer to digital form.
4. Digital Camera:
It is a camera that captures pictures and stores them in digital form. Pictures taken
by a digital camera can be downloaded to a computer for viewing and editing.
Digital cameras have a LCD for viewing both images in the viewfinder and those in
the camera’s memory. It is an input as well as output device.
Q 21. Write a note on Monitors.

Ans. A monitor, sometimes called a VDU (Visual Display Unit), is an electronic output
device for computers. It displays the results of the user activities. The output produced by
monitors is called softcopy output. The difference in monitors based on following features:
1. Size: The size of the monitor is measured diagonally. Standard size of
monitor is from 15 to 22 inches.
2. Color: Now a days black and white monitor became obsolete and color
monitors has a variety of colors.
3. Pixel: It is a small/tiny dot on the monitor which forms the image.
4. Resolution: The number of pixels (or dots) per square inch is called the resolution
of the monitor.
5. Dot Pitch: The distance between the pixels on the monitor is called dot pitch.
The lesser the dot pitch more will be resolution of the monitor.
Example:
Common monitor types are:
a. CRT (Cathode Ray Tube)
b. LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)
c. LED (Light Emitting Diodes)
Q 22. Write a note on Printers.

Ans. Printers are used to produce hardcopy output. In the past, printers were connected
to the computer through parallel port but now they are connected through USB port.
Printers vary in their capabilities based on the following characteristics.
 The quality of output
 The ability to print graphics
 The printing speed
There are two main categories of printers.
 Impact Printers
 Non-impact Printers
Q 23. Differentiate between Impact and Non-Impact Printers.
Ans.
Impact Printer Non-Impact Printer
1. They print with striking mechanism. They print without striking mechanism.
2. They are slow in speed. They are fast in speed.
3. They have low print quality. They have high print quality.
4. They are less expensive. They are more expansive.
5. They produce noise while printing. They produce no noise while printing.
6. They use ink ribbon for printing. They use powdered or liquid ink for printing.
7. They are old technology printer. They are new technology printer.
8. Examples: Dot Matrix, Daisy Wheel etc. Examples: LASER, Deskjet etc.
Q 24. Write a note on Speakers.

Ans. Speakers are audio output devices that are attached to the sound card on
motherboard. Speakers produce soft copy output in the form of voice. Speakers are
available in different shapes and sizes.
Q 25. Differentiate between Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) and Light Emitting Diode (LED).
Ans.
Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) Light Emitting Diodes (LED)
1. It uses fluorescent light. It uses light emitting diodes.
2. Light is always behind the screen. LEDs can be placed either behind the
screen or around its edges.
3. They have thin screen. Slimmest overall profile less than 1-inch.
4. Lower environment impact on disposal. Lowest environment impact on disposal.
5. Lower power consumption. Lowest power consumption.
6. Lifespan 50,000 to 100,000 viewing hours Lifespan 100,000 viewing hours or more.
7. They consume less power. They consumes lesser power than LCDs.

Q 26. Select your choice:
i. ___ is the main component of a computer that interprets and executes instructions.
A. CPU B. Input Unit C. Output Unit D. Storage
ii. The device contains embedded computer chips which allow device to do special tasks.
A. ATM machine B. Digital Clock C. Electronic toys D. All of these
iii. Basic operation of a computer is:
A. Input/ Output B. Processing C. Storage D. All of these
iv. The first electro-mechanical computer was developed in:
A. 1939 B. 1839 C. 1739 D. None of these
v. The best known supercomputers are built by:
A. Cray Inc. B. IBM C. A and B D. None of these
vi. Number of instructions executed by Mainframe computer are:
A. TIPS B. BIPS C. MIPS D. None of these
vii. Number of instructions executed by Minicomputer are:
viii. Number of instructions executed by Microcomputer are:
ix. Following is an example of Mainframe computer.
A. IBM’s zEnterprize EC 12 B. EC 196 C. HP 16500 D. All of these
x. Following is an example of Minicomputer:
A. IBM System/ 36 B. HP 3000 C. A and B D. None of these
xi. LSI (Large Scale Integration) and VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration) technologies used in:
A. Supercomputer B. Mainframe C. Minicomputer D. Microcomputer
xii. Following is an example of Microcomputer:
A. Toshiba Satellite Series B. IBM Thinkpad C. Dell XPs D. All of these
xiii. Popular mobile computing device is:
A. Tablet PCs B. PDAs C. Smartphone D. All of these
xiv. The interconnection between computer network and physical devices to collect and
exchange data is called:
A. IoT B. Smart device C. Smart Home D. None of these
xv. The device that are designed in such a way that they can interact with human beings
through wireless connection is called:
xvi. A popular application of Internet of Things (IoT) is called
xvii. Instead of buying and installing your own computer system and software at your
workplace, you can get it as a service provided and managed by another company.
A. Cloud Computing B. Data Center C. A and B D. None of these
xviii. It requires a reliable high speed broadband connection functioning the whole time you
are working is called
xix. A centralized location for collecting, storing, processing and distribution of vast amount
of data is called:
xx. A collection of operative programs required to control computer hardware and also to
execute application software is called:
A. Application Software B. System Software C. Firmware D. None of these
I ii iii iv v vi vii viii ix x xi xii xiii Xiv xv xvi xvii Xviii xix Xx
A D D A C A B C D C D D D A B C A C B B

xxi. Which one of the following is a pointing input device? FBISE 2018
A. Scanner B. Joystick C. Keyboard D. Plotter
xxii. Some devices whose software is preinstalled with Windows are called _____ devices.
A. Plug n Play B. Input C. Output D. Storage
xxiii. _____ Software that provides additional facilities to carry out tasks which are beyond
the capabilities of the operating system.
A. Application B. System C. Utility D. None of these
xxiv. Which is not an example of utility software?
A. Disk defragmenter B. Disk Cleaner C. File Compression D. None of these
xxv. Language processors are used to translate computer programs into ____ language.
A. Machine B. Assembly C. High Level D. None of these
xxvi. Which one of the following is not productivity software?
A. Word Processor B. Graphics Software C. Spread Sheet D. Windows
xxvii. A program that runs on a remote server while its users interact with it through a Web
Browser.
A. Web Application B. Firmware C. Shareware D. Freeware
xxviii. Which one is not a social Media Network Application
A. Facebook B. Twitter C. WhatsApp D. None of these
xxix. WhatsApp was started for Android mobiles devices but now it is available for:
A. iPhone B. BlackBerry C. Windows Phone D. All of these
xxx. _____ software available in the form of source code that allows users to study, change
and improve it.
A. Open Source B. Shareware C. Freeware D. Firmware
xxxi. _____ software is given to people free of charge for a limited time period.
xxxii. _____ software is available for use, free of cost for an unlimited period of time.
xxxiii. Software embedded in electronic devices during their manufacturing is called:
xxxiv. In Internet applications _____ can steel, modify or delete sensitive data.
A. Hackers B. Programmer C. Developer D. None of these
xxxv. Internet application security system consists of:
A. Firewalls B. Anti-virus C. Spyware detection D. All of these
xxxvi. The first computer mouse was invented by Doug Engelbart in around 1964, made of:
A. Wood B. Plastic C. Steel D. LASER
xxxvii. The UPC (Universal Product Code) contains:
A. Product Name B. Manufacturer Name C. Manufacturing Date D. All of these
xxxviii. Impact printers use _____ technology:
A. Electro-mechanical mechanism C. Electro-photographic
B. A and C D. None of these
xxxix. LASER printer use _____ technology.
xl. The following is connected with the sound card.
A. Microphone B. Speakers C. A and B D. None of these
xxi Xxii Xxiii xxiv xxv xxvi xxvii xxviii xxix xxx xxxi xxxii xxxiii Xxxiv xxxv xxxvi xxxvii xxxviii xxxix xl
B A C D A D A D D A B C D A D A D A C C

Test 1 Date: __________ Chapter # 1 Total Marks: 20 Obtained Marks: _____
Roll No. Class / Sec. 11th Subject: Computer Science
Name Course: Chapter # 1 First Quarter
Q 1. Select the appropriate choice: (Marks: 01 x 10 = 10)
i. ___ is the main component of a computer that interprets and executes instructions.
A. CPU B. Input Unit C. Output Unit D. Storage
ii. The device contains embedded computer chips which allow device to do special tasks.
A. ATM machine B. Digital Clock C. Electronic toys D. All of these
iii. Basic operation of a computer is:
A. Input/ Output B. Processing C. Storage D. All of these
iv. The first electro-mechanical computer was developed in:
A. 1939 B. 1839 C. 1739 D. None of these
v. The best known supercomputers are built by:
A. Cray Inc. B. IBM C. A and B D. None of these
vi. Number of instructions executed by Mainframe computer are:
vii. Number of instructions executed by Minicomputer are:
viii. Number of instructions executed by Microcomputer are:
ix. Following is an example of Mainframe computer.
A. IBM’s zEnterprize EC 12 B. EC 196 C. HP 16500 D. All of these
x. Following is an example of Minicomputer:
A. IBM System/ 36 B. HP 3000 C. A and B D. None of these
Q 2. Write short note on the following questions: (Marks: 03 x 02 = 06)
i. Give important characteristics of computers.
ii. Compare microcomputer with mainframe computer.
Q 3. Give few application areas of supercomputers. (Marks 04)

(Note: Write answer on the back side of the question paper)
Name Course: Chapter # Second Quarter
i. LSI (Large Scale Integration) and VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration) technologies used in:
A. Supercomputer B. Mainframe C. Minicomputer D. Microcomputer
ii. Following is an example of Microcomputer:
A. Toshiba Satellite Series B. IBM Thinkpad C. Dell XPs D. All of these
iii. Popular mobile computing device is:
A. Tablet PCs B. PDAs C. Smartphone D. All of these
iv. The interconnection between computer network and physical devices to collect and
exchange data is called:
v. The device that are designed in such a way that they can interact with human beings
through wireless connection is called:
vi. A popular application of Internet of Things (IoT) is called
vii. Instead of buying and installing your own computer system and software at your
workplace, you can get it as a service provided and managed by another company.
viii. It requires a reliable high speed broadband connection functioning the while time you
are working is called
ix. A centralized location for collecting, storing, processing and distribution of vast amount
of data is called:
x. A collection of operative programs required to control computer hardware and also to
execute application software is called:
A. Application Software B. System Software C. Firmware D. None of these
i. How barcode system works in a shopping mall?
ii. Define licensed software.
Q 3. Differentiate between system software and application software. (Marks 04)

Name Course: Chapter # Third Quarter
i. Which is an example of not an operating system?
A. Windows B. Macintosh C. Android D. None of these
ii. Some devices whose software is preinstalled with Windows are called _____ devices.
A. Plug n Play B. Input C. Output D. Storage
iii. _____ Software that provides additional facilities to carry out tasks which are beyond
the capabilities of the operating system.
A. Application B. System C. Utility D. None of these
iv. Which is not an example of utility software?
A. Disk defragmenter B. Disk Cleaner C. File Compression D. None of these
v. Language processors are used to translate computer programs into ____ language.
A. Machine B. Assembly C. High Level D. None of these
vi. Which one is not the language processor?
A. Assembler B. Interpreter C. Compiler D. None of these
vii. A program that runs on a remote server while its users interact with it through a Web
Browser.
A. Web Application B. Firmware C. Shareware D. Freeware
viii. Which one is not a social Media Network Application
A. Facebook B. Twitter C. WhatsApp D. None of these
ix. WhatsApp was started for Android mobiles devices but now it is available for:
A. iPhone B. BlackBerry C. Windows Phone D. All of these
x. _____ software available in the form of source code that allows users to study, change
and improve it.
i. Differentiate between shareware and freeware.
ii. Why LED monitors are better choice than LCDs? Give three reasons.
Q 3. Give any five advantages of using LCD monitor over CRT monitors. (Marks 04)
Name Course: Chapter # Fourth Quarter
i. _____ software is given to people free of charge for a limited time period.
ii. _____ software is available for use, free of cost for an unlimited period of time.
iii. Software embedded in electronic devices during their manufacturing is called:
iv. In Internet applications _____ can steel, modify or delete sensitive data.
A. Hackers B. Programmer C. Developer D. None of these
v. Internet application security system consists of:
A. Firewalls B. Anti-virus C. Spyware detection D. All of these
vi. The first computer mouse was invented by Doug Engelbart in around 1964, made of:
A. Wood B. Plastic C. Steel D. LASER
vii. The UPC (Universal Product Code) contains:
A. Product Name B. Manufacturer Name C. Manufacturing Date D. All of these
viii. Impact printers use _____ technology:
ix. LASER printer use _____ technology.
x. The following is connected with the sound card.
A. Microphone B. Speakers C. A and B D. None of these
i. Give any three uses of plotters.
ii. Why dot-matrix printers are becoming obsolete?
Q 3. What are the advantages of using LASER printer over dot matrix printer. (Marks 04)

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Prepared by: Ahmed Hassan Khan Overview of Computer System First Year Chapter # 1

Q 2. Answer the following questions briefly.

Punjab College of Comm. Cantt. Campus Updated: 05/09/2019 Page 1 of 25

iii. Give few application areas of Supercomputers. FBISE 2018 (03)

iv. Name few organizations of Pakistan where Supercomputers are used.

v. How barcode system works in a shopping mall?

Punjab College of Comm. Cantt. Campus Updated: 05/09/2019 Page 2 of 25

vii. Differentiate between System Software and Application Software.

viii. Define Licensed Software.

ix. Differentiate between Shareware and Freeware.

xiii. Why Dot-Matrix printers are becoming obsolete?

Punjab College of Comm. Cantt. Campus Updated: 05/09/2019 Page 4 of 25

Q 3. Answer the following questions.

Punjab College of Comm. Cantt. Campus Updated: 05/09/2019 Page 5 of 25

4. Language Processors/ Translators:

Types of Language Processor:

ii. Why Scanners are used? Describe their types.

iii. What are Output Devices? Explain its types.

v. What is Non-Impact Printer? Describe its types.

Types of Non-Impact Printer:

Punjab College of Comm. Cantt. Campus Updated: 05/09/2019 Page 9 of 25

Q 3. What are computing devices?

Punjab College of Comm. Cantt. Campus Updated: 05/09/2019 Page 10 of 25

Q 5. What are the factors on which computers are classified?

Q 6. Write a note on Supercomputer and Minicomputer.

Q 7. What is Mobile Computing?

Q 8. What is Internet of Things (IoT)? FBISE 2018 (03)

Q 9. What is a Smart Home Application of IoT?

Q 10. What is a Cloud Computing?

Q 11. What are Data Centers?

Q 12. What is an Application Software? Describe its types.

Punjab College of Comm. Cantt. Campus Updated: 05/09/2019 Page 13 of 25

Q 13. List down different Internet Applications.

Q 14. Write a note on Web Applications.

Punjab College of Comm. Cantt. Campus Updated: 05/09/2019 Page 14 of 25

Q 16. Describe some popular Social Media Network Applications.

Punjab College of Comm. Cantt. Campus Updated: 05/09/2019 Page 15 of 25

Q 18. What is a Firmware and Groupware?

Q 19. What is an Internet Application Security? How to ensure Internet Application

How to ensure Internet Application Security?

Internet application security system consists of:

Optical mouse is becoming very popular and it is replacing the mechanical

Mouse is an essential part of the hardware in almost all the microcomputers

Punjab College of Comm. Cantt. Campus Updated: 05/09/2019 Page 17 of 25

Q 21. Write a note on Monitors.

Q 22. Write a note on Printers.

Q 24. Write a note on Speakers.

Punjab College of Comm. Cantt. Campus Updated: 05/09/2019 Page 19 of 25

Punjab College of Comm. Cantt. Campus Updated: 05/09/2019 Page 20 of 25

Punjab College of Comm. Cantt. Campus Updated: 05/09/2019 Page 21 of 25

ii. Compare microcomputer with mainframe computer.

Q 3. Give few application areas of supercomputers. (Marks 04)

ii. Define licensed software.

Q 3. Differentiate between system software and application software. (Marks 04)

ii. Why dot-matrix printers are becoming obsolete?

Punjab College of Comm. Cantt. Campus Updated: 05/09/2019 Page 25 of 25

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