Chapter 1

1.3 CHECK YOUR PROGRESS:

1. The set of instruction that perform various operations?
 Computer program
2. Computer means to?
 calculate
3. Give example of Input data.
 Microsoft Office
4. Give 2 example of Operating System- windows, Microsoft Office, etc
 Apple IOS
 Google android
5. Referred as problem oriented languages (POL).
 High level language
6. It is also known as data processors- computer
 computer
7. If the source program contains error, it will be free executes until at the end of the execution of
the program. What type of translator is this?
 compilers
8. It is the machinery itself.
 hardware
9. Give functions of Computer.
 Takes data as an input
 Stores the data/instructions in its memory.
 Processes the data and converts it into useful information.
 Generates the output.

10. Define Computer on your own word.

 For me it is a programmable device for processing, storing, and displaying information.
11. What is Software?
 Software is a collection of programs which utilize and enhance the capability of the
hardware.
12. What is Computer Programming?
 Computer programming is a way of giving computers instructions about what they should
do next.
13. Describe the difference between the assembly, machine, and high
  Machine language is formed of 0 and 1 and it’s not human readable language. So only
machine can understand. Whatever language you used to write code, that code is
converted into machine level language for making machine understandable.
 Assembly language is a language which is used in writing codes for microprocessor. It is
also kind of law level language and they are also not human readable until you know their
syntax and implementation.
 High level language are much very developer/human understandable and these are the
types of language which are widely famous now.
14. Computer Program?
 It is a list of instruction that tell a computer what to do. Everything a computer does is
done by using computer program

1.5 CHECK YOUR PROGRESS:

Match the column A with column B. Write only the letter of correct answer.

Fourth Generation 1. Very Large Scale Integration

First Generation 2. Vacuum Tube Technology
Second Generation 3. Stored Program
Seventh Generation 4. Superconductor Technology
Third Generation 5. Semiconductor Technology
Sixth Generation 6. The use of Nano Technology
Fifth Generation 7. Artificial Technology
Eight Generation 8. (64-Bit Register) Processors
Tenth Generations 9. Nanometer Ice Lake CPU
Seventh Generation 10. Improved memory technologies and energy-efficient chipsets
Seventh Generation 11. Extremely low power Y-series processors

12. Based on your understanding what is Artificial Intelligence?

 It is like human intelligence that are programmed on machine to think like humans
13. If you have the chance to develop computer what features will you add? Defend your
answer.
 If I I’ve given a chance I want to add a more RAM because the higher the RAM, the
more efficiently and faster the computer will run.
14. What is the concept of stored program?
 The concept of stored program is the idea that instructions and data are stored together in
memory.
15. Among the computers discussed in the first generation, which do you think is the most
efficient? Explain
 Abacus, because we still using it today
16. Which do you prefer machine language or assembly language. Explain your answer.
 Assembly language because it is more human readable.

1.7 CHECK YOUR PROGRESS:

17. It is a type of computer that process information with quantities using digits?
 Digital computer
18. The combination of analog and digital computer.
 Hybrid Computers
19. Type of computer that is more powerful than microcomputer but less powerful than
mainframe.
 Minicomputer
20. It has large storage and high computing speed but relatively lower than the super computers.
 Mainframe Computers
21. Microcomputers are generally referred to as_________?
 personal computers
22. Computer that used for soil testing, drip irrigation, medical scanning, traffic signals,
spacecraft, rocket technology.
 Special Purpose Computers
23. Type of computer which is smaller than notebook computer.
 Hand held computers
24. This type of computer is operated by measuring instead of counting.
 Analog computers
25. This computer is developed to meet the requirements of several areas such as simulation,
solving mathematical equations, payroll and personnel database.
 General Purpose Computers
26. This computer accept input and produce output as discrete signals representing high (on) or
low (off) voltage state of electricity.
 Digital Computers
27. Explain in brief the definition Hybrid Computer.
 Hybrid Computers are a combination of Analog and Digital computers. They combine
the speed of analog computers and accuracy of digital computers
28. If you are going to choose between analog and digital computer which of the two will you
choose? Why?
 I’d rather choose digital computer than analog because digital is more accurate and more
flexible.
29. Give your opinion on the rapid change of our computer today. 30. Between laptop and
computer which do you prefer to use? Explain
 I do prefer desktop/computer because of its performance, it runs quickly and smoothly
than a laptop.
31. Describe Supercomputer in your own words.
 Super computers is simply one of the fastest and most powerful computers of its time

1.9 CHECK YOUR PROGRESS:

1. When you are in the field of experiments, what application of computer are you in?
 scientific, engineering and research
2. This is the age of information.
 information
3. It is all base of computer.
 education
4. If your field was in record keeping, budgets, reports and inventory. What application are you
in?
 business
5. This is the major area where computers find vast applications. Computer is omnipresent to any
several of fields.
 scientific, engineering and research
6. Mathematical calculations, and weather forecasting are in the areas of Scientific, Engineering
and Research.
 true
7. Computer makes our life inexpedient.
 true
8. Computers are nowadays also used in entertainment areas like movies, sports, and advertising.
 true
9. Payroll, invoicing, accounts are all areas of medicine.
 false
10. as a student, how will apply new technologies brought by computer to your life?
  I apply this new technologies in many ways in my life. Like in communication, I can
easily get in touch with those people that in a other places and also in my studies, I do
more in such a small amount of time and it such a big help this for me.
11. List computer applications that made very efficient in the field of medicine? Defend your
answer.
 Some of it are internet browser like Firefox, safari and chrome because this applications
are really needed in the field of medicine and when they need to know on something is
they can easily brows in the computer.
12. What is the role of computer in modern life?
 Computer became our powerful instrument for our work, entertainment and studies and it
makes our work easier.
13. How computer has helped us in the field of education?
 It is very beneficial in the field of education it helps us to finish our work easier and also
promote efficiency in the achievement of the desired goals
14. How computer has helped us in the field of business?
 Computers also is very beneficial in the field of business because it is used to increase
efficiency, reduce downtime, and improve sales. It is also effective in organizing its data
and mostly is the managing customer and partner relationship. If costumers/partners have
a question for the business, they can easily communicate to each other through email r
message and can get a reply within just a seconds.

1.11 CHECK YOUR PROGRESS:

1. Accuracy of computer does not decrease with age
 efficiency
2. Speed of a computer is measured in terms of the number of instructions that it can perform or
execute in a minute
 speed
3. Storage capable of storing large amounts of data in their storage devices.
 storage
4. The number of instruction a computer can process in a given time.
 speed
5. Computers can perform the same task repeatedly & with the same accuracy without getting
tired.
 diligence
6. Computers can be instructed to perform complex tasks automatically
 automation
7. Computers reduce the amount of paper work and human effort
 cost-effectiveness
8-10. Give the measurements used in measuring instruction that can be perform by computer.
(Milli-seconds, micro-seconds, Nano-seconds)
 Milli-seconds (10~3 sec)
 micro-seconds (10*4 sec)
 Nano-seconds (10~9 sec)
11-15. Give at least 5 disadvantages of computer and explain how it makes it awful.
 First is the Spread of Pornography, next is Crashed, next one is Spread of Violence
and Hatred, the other one is Data and Information violation, and lastly is Limitations
of Computers. This are all disadvantages of computer. Everyone is using a computer
mostly are children. Porn sites are so easy to access on the internet so it has a big
possibility that children will get expose to those kind of videos that it’s not supposed
to see by their child. Second is Virus and Hacking attacks, so here they can steal
information from you or stealing something sensitive data that may lead on harming
you.

1.13 CHECK YOUR PROGRESS:

1-10. Based on the discussion give 5 characteristics of Human and 5 characteristics of Computer.
HUMAN
 Like we remember things
 We recollect certain information
 We express ourselves by writing etc
 When we watch, hear, learn certain things and analyze
 Human beings has ears, nose, eyes, and etc.
COMPUTER
 have input devices such as keyboard, scanner, touch screen, mouse etc
 stores information
 Computer expresses through screen, Printouts
 can analyze Information and draw conclusions
 it has brain also
11. How will you compare the control unit of human to computer?
 The Control Unit controls the operations of the entire computer system through
instructions from the programs stored in primary storage and that instructions are created
by human. Human have been able to program computers to do various tricks. This make
the computer smart, but the fact is computer is nothing without human input. In other
word computer can only follow instructions and pattern made by the programmer.

12. What are the similarities between human and computer?

 Human has ears, nose, eyes and even computers has input devices such as keyboard,
scanner, touchscreen, mouse to get information. Also when human watch, hear, learn
certain things and analyzed so even computers do this. With the help of software,
computer can also analyzed information and draw conclusions.
13. What is the difference between human memory and computer memory?
 The difference between the two is when it comes to memory, computer memory is a set
of binary data while human memory storage is in proteins in cells. And also computer
memory is restricted to disk space while brain memory is everywhere in the brain.

1.15 CHECK YOUR PROGRESS:

1. A system that is made up of more than one element or part, were each element performs
specific function
 Computer system
2. Devices that are used to feed programs and data to the computer.
 Input and output devices
3. The brain of computer.
 Central processing unit
4. Manages and coordinate the entire the computer system.
 The Control Unit
5. It is also known as the Main Memory Unit.
 Main Memory Unit
6. It executes the instructions and performs all the calculations and decisions
 The Arithmetic Logic Unit
7. It is the medium of communication between the computer and the user
 Input devices
8. The unit of computer which gives the result of process and computation
 Output Unit
9-10. Give at least 2 functions of Primary Storage Unit.
11. Define Computer System.
 A group of integrated parts which are designed to achieve a common objective. Thus, a
system is made up of more than one element or part, where each element performs a
specific function and where all the elements (parts) are logically related and are
controlled in such a way that the goal (purpose) of the system is achieved. Each of these
units performs a specific task.
12. Discuss the importance CPU,
 A CPU is an important part of every computer. It sends signals to control the other parts
of the computer, almost like how a brain controls a body.
 The CPU is an electronic machine that works on a list of computer things to do, called
instructions. It reads the list of instructions and runs each one in order.
13. ALU
 An arithmetic logic unit is digital circuit used to perform arithmetic and logic operations
  ALU enables computers to perform mathematical operations on binary numbers. They
can be found at the heart of every digital computer and are one of the most important
parts of a CPU.
14. Main Memory
 Main memory is where programs and data are kept when the processor is active using
them. When programs and data became active, they were copied from secondary
memory into main memory where the processor can interact with them.
15. What is the use of computer system unit?
 A function of a computer system unit is to hold all the other components together and
protect the sensitive electronic parts from the outside elements.

CHAPTER 2
Check your Progress- 2.1 & 2.2
1. Fill in the blanks
a) ……………… is an example of a picking device.
 Light pen
b) ………………. is an example of a pointing device.
 mouse
c) A digitizer is also as a ……………
 graphics tablet
2. Give the full form of the following.
a) MICR- Magnetic Ink Character Recognition
b) OCR- Optical Character Reader
c) OMR- The Optical Mark Reader
3. Match the following.
Joy stick 1. Computer games
Floppy Disk 2. Output devices
Punch card 3. Hollerith code
Bar code 4. Universal Product Code (UPC)
4. True or False
FALSE 1. The keyboard is Not one of the most commonly used input device.
TRUE 2. The light pen contains a photocell placed in a small tube.
FALSE 3. The track ball uses a soft sphere to control cursor movement.
FALSE 4. The mouse is not used to control and manipulate cursor movement on
the monitor.
 TRUE 5. OMR is the types of scanner that are normally used where the data is
preprinted for applications.
5. Write 5to10 paragraph about your learning in the input device
 So in input devises, I have learn a lot of thing here like what is input device is and what is
under on this input devices. Also, I have learned the different function of those devices
which is very helpful for me to have a little bit knowledge about it. I also learned the
importance each of them in order function a computer and allowing you to interact with
and control it because input devices are the means of communication between the user
and the computer system.

Check your Progress - 2.3

Answer in brief.
1. What is a terminal? Name any two types of terminals.
 It is an electronic hardware that can be used for entering data into, and displaying or
printing data from, a computer system.
 Dumb Terminal and Smart Terminal
2. What is an impact printer? Name one impact printer.
 Impact printers are similar to typewriters. They use hammer to strike a character against
an inked ribbon and the impact of the hammer causes the image of the character to be
printed on paper.
 Dot Matrix Printers
3. Differentiate Flat Panel Display and The Video Display Terminal.
 Flat panel display does not have a picture tube while Video Display information
instantaneously
4. Identify the 2 plotter and give the function / use.
 Flatbed i.e. X-Y plotter, this plotter plots on a paper which is fixed on a rectangular
flatbed table. One recording pen moves in the x direction and one in the y direction to
plot on the paper. Color plotting is al so possible by using pens of different colors.
 Drum Plotter, in this plotter the paper on which the output is to be obtained, is placed
over a drum. The drum rotates back and forth to produce motion. The pen is mounted
horizontally across the drum and the horizontal motion of the pen is achieved with the
help of the pen holder. The drum and the holder move simultaneously to produce output.
Multi colored printing is possible by changing the pens. The speed of plotters is very
slow

True or False
TRUE 1. Output devices is the devices used to send data from a computer to another
devices or uses.
FALSE 2. Dot matrix printer is use to hammer to strike a character against an inked
ribbon and the impact of the hammer causes the image of the character to
be printed on paper.
FLASE 3. Liner printer, print at speed of 150-200 lines per minutes.
TRUE 4. Daisy wheel printer are also called as letter quality printers.
TRUE 5. Drum printers consist of a metallic cylinder.

6-10 Write 5 to 10 paragraph about your learning in the output devices.

 So in output devises, I have learn a lot of thing here too like what is output device is and
what is under on it. Also, I have learned the different function of those devices which is
very helpful for me to have a little bit knowledge about it, on how it used.. I also learned
the importance of each of them in order to convert information into human readable form.
It can be text, graphics, tactile, audio and video. Some of the output devices are visual
display units. Example is monitor, printer, plotter and etc.

CHAPTER 3
Check your progress 3.1
1. This is a memory that is stored external to the computer?
 Secondary storage
2. Primary storage is also known as?
 Internal memory
3. Is the part of the computer system which is used to store the data and instruction to be
process?
 Storage unit
4. This is a type of memory that the data is permanently stored?
 Read Only Memory (ROM)
5. These are the ROM’s which can be programmed?
 Programmable Read Only Memory (PROM)

Check your Progress 3.2

1. This is a very special type of high speed memory?
 Cache Memory
2. This is use to retain information temporarily?
 registers
3. The function of this register is to hold the address of the current or active memory location?
 Memory Address Register (MAR)
4-5 give the two types of disk system?
 Moving head System:
 Fixed head System
 CHAPTER 4

Check your progress!

Enumeration
1-2. List the 2 classification of software
 Application software
 System software
3-6. Enumerate the 4 categories of application software
 Business
 Graphics and Multimedia
 Home/personal/education
 Communication
7-8. Enumerate at least 2 types of system software
 System software
 Application software
 Utility software
In 2-3, sentences explain briefly the following: (3pts each)
• System software- software is a collection of system programs that perform variety of function.
It is also a software that provides platform to other software. The systems software controls the
working of the computer system.
• Application software- Application software is a program or a set of programs, which written to
carry out a specific application.eg. Payroll, financial accounting etc. It is often called
productivity programs or end-user programs because they enable the user to complete tasks, such
as creating documents, spreadsheets, databases and publications, doing online research, sending
email, designing graphics, running businesses, and even playing games. Application software is
specific to the task it designed for and can be as simple as a calculator application or as complex
as a word processing application.
• Utility software- These are program tools used in program development and performing limited
tasks. This software analyses and maintain a computer and also it focus on how OS works on that
basis it perform task to enable smooth functioning of computer. This software may come along
with OS like windows defender, windows disk cleanup tool.

Check your progress!

1. It is a programs that are used to translate program written in high-level language into machine
language.
 interpreter
2. What are the types of translators?
 Compilers
 Interpreters
3. What generation is the assembly language?
 Second Generation
4. A set of instructions the computer to execute?
 Programming language
5. This is a self-documenting language; it is one of the most widely used commercial languages.
 Common Business Oriented Language
6. It can be used for both business and scientific applications and is one of the most popular
language used in microcomputer system.
 BASIC
7. This is a communication for the user to communicate with the computer system.
 Programming Language
8. A translator that translate the entire source program into machine language program at once.
 compiler
9-10. two low level languages
 machine language
 assembly language

Check your progress!

Essay (explain in 1-3 sentences only)
1. Name at least three stages in the development of a computer program.
 Problem Definition
 Program Design
 Coding
2. What is flowchart?
 A flowchart is a pictorial representation of the algorithm. It represents the steps involved
in the procedure and shows the logical sequence of processing using boxes of different
shapes.
3. What is algorithm?
 An algorithm is a systematic method of solving a problem. It is commonly used for data
processing, calculation, other related computer, and mathematical operations. It is also
use to manipulate data in various ways, such as inserting a new data item, searching for a
particular item, searching for a particular item or sorting an item.
4. Why algorithm and flowchart are important in the development of a computer program?
 It is important because algorithm and flowchart are the powerful tools for learning
programming. An algorithm is a step by step analysis of the process, while a flow chart
explains the steps of a program in a graphical way. Algorithm and flowchart helps to
clarify all the steps for solving the problem.
Enumeration
• Give the different symbols used in flowchart
 Terminal (Start/Stop)
 Input/output
 Processing
 Decision
 Connectors
Identification
• It is the actual program written in the computer program.
 Coding
• The errors of a program that can detected are corrected.
 errors of a program
• A plan for a program, which has been done.
 Testing
• It is updating and correction of a program for change conditions and field experience.
 Maintenance
• A very essential step in program development.
 Documentation

CHAPTER 5
Check your Progress - 5.2
1. Fill in the blanks.
a) A ________is a program in execution.
 Processor management
b) The control program of the operating system which resides in the main memory of the
computer is known as the ________
 resident program
c) The total amount of work performed by the operating system over a period of time is the
________
 throughput
d) Response time is also known as________
 turnaround time
e) It refers to the protection of data against unauthorized access or corruption _______.
 Data security
f) Defined as the process of manipulating files in computer system _______.
  File management
g) It refers to the accuracy and consistency of data _____.
 Data integrity
h) The _____ is the interval between the time and the user.
 response time
i) Perform the task of allocation and de-allocation of memory space programs ______.
 Device management
j) Assigning of the different tasks being executed by the computer is _____.
 processor management

2. Answer in 1-2 Sentences

a. List any two functions of an operating system.
 Memory management
 Input/output management
b. On what factors does the efficiency of the operating system depend?
 RAM
c. What is operating system? Explain.
 It is a software that manages the resources of a computer system and schedules its
operation. The operating system acts as interface between the hardware and the user
programs and facilitates the execution of programs. Generally the OS acts as an interface
between the user and the Hardware of the computer .i.e. It is a bridge between the user
and the Hardware.
d. Is operating system important in the computer why or why not?
 Operating system is the most important software on the computer because it manages the
computer’s memory and processes, as well as all of its software and hardware.

e. Brief explanation about the history of operating system?

 The first operating system was created by General Motors in 1956 to run a single IBM
mainframe computer. Other IBM owners followed suits and created their own operating
systems. In the late 1060’s, the first version of the UNIX operating system was develop.

Check your Progress - 5.3

Match the following.
A B
C 1. Batch Processing A. Multiple user, multiple applications at
same time
D 2. Spooling B. Multiple CPUs connected together
E 3. Multiprogramming
B 4. Multiprocessing
A 5. Time sharing
G 6. Online processing
processed
takes place.
I 7. Simple batch system
or
J 8. Mobile Operating system
H 9. Offline processing
computer.
F 10. Real time processing
tablets,
C. off line data collection
D. Simultaneous Peripheral Output Online
E. multiple program execution at same time
F. An on line processing system where the
records are updated and data is
as soon as the transaction
G. In these systems-devices are
directly connected to CPU for input
inquiry.
H. The data processing is not directly
controlled by the CPU
I. In this type of system, there is no direct
interaction between user and the
J. Those OS which is especially that are
designed to power smartphones,
and wearable’s devices.

CHAPTER 6
Check your progress
Fill in the blanks
1.__________ enables user interaction with computer systems by acting as an interface between
users or application programs and the computer hardware.
 Operating system
2.____________ often use specialized scheduling algorithms so that they can achieve a
deterministic nature of behavior.
 Real-time Operating System
3. An operating system that manages a group of independent computers and makes them appear
to be a single computer is known as a ____________.
 Distributed Operating System
4._____________ allow a multiple user to access a computer system concurrently.
 Multi-user and Single-user Operating Systems
5. They are designed to operate on ___________like PDAs with less autonomy. They can
operate with a limited number of resources.
 small machines
Check Your Progress
Fill in the blank
1. Microsoft Windows is a graphical operating system developed and published by _________.
 Microsoft
2. Windows XP, released in________, still has a larger worldwide market share than Windows 8
or ___________.
 2001
 Windows Vista
3. _________had way more fans than previous Windows versions, and many users think it is
Microsoft's best OS ever.
 Windows 7
4. Windows ____ which was released in July 2015, is fast and stable.
 Windows 10
5. Windows 10 also runs on ____________and __________.
 Windows phones
 Tablets