Chapter 1.

Project Background

The Project
In this modern world, electricity is almost needed everywhere, without it our lives will be in difficult. Humans
are using technologies for convenience as daily basis of life and as the world changes, our population
grows and the desire for electricity is increasing but the supply of electricity which is the most reliable
source is being a problem. Individuals with brilliant minds came up with different ideas to lessen the
scarceness of electricity such as renewable energy sources and continues to developed those ideas over
time.

The importance of this research is to give another alternative path to explore the fundamental study of
renewable energy. It will serve as a benchmark of any study that will focus on Speed Breaker Power
Generator.

Designing energy recovery systems that are pollution free has become a significant goal within the
research community. One of numerous systems that have been proposed is Speed Breaker Power
Generator (SBPG) system that produces electrical power by utilizing the movements of commuting vehicles
on highways, boulevards, and streets. When vehicles pass over a SBPG system, the system translates
vertically thru flywheel motion. Consequently, a kinetic energy is produced and transferred into electrical
power.

The Client
The client for this design project is the National Grid Corporation of the Philippines who’s currently facing
the amidst of problem in the Luzon Grid that has high demand and low power supply as of the month of
April year 2019.

Project Objectives
The main objective of this study is to design a charging system that can harvest wave power near shoreline.
The study aims:
(a) to minimize the problem of the society for insufficient electricity
(b) to search for alternative solution and develop a new source of electricity.
(c) to build a speed breaker generator and test its functionality.
(d) to characterize how much electricity the prototype can produce thru different vehicle that will pass
on to the humps and how long it must stay to develop a motion into the flywheel that is connected
on the spring of the hump to determine the maximum power it can deliver with respect to the
weight of the vehicle.

Project Scope and Limitation

(wala pa)
The project system will start in the mechanical motion develop on the flywheel. The amount of energy
produced by the direct current motor will be recorded using digital multi-meter. The battery controller shall
limit the amount of power generated by the motor to protect the battery. Lastly, the battery indicator will serve
as an indication for the state of the battery.

Mechanical D.C. Motor Battery

Flywheel Motion Generator Controller

Battery Battery
Indicator 12v

Figure 1-1 Schematic Diagram of the System

Project Development
Start

Identify the problem

Design of Speed Breaker Power Generator

Design 1

No

Is the
design Yes
compliant?

Design Testing

Final Design Simulation

End

Figure 1-2 Project Development

Figure 1.2 shows the step by step procedure of the scheme shown. The First step is to identify the problem
of the chosen client. To help the proponents propose an alternative solution for making a new system
generation in Luzon grid. From there, proponents can proceed to come up with the best design option.
Implementing the design is the biggest step that the proponents will encounter. This part is to determine
whether the system is the solution to the problem present at the area of the client.
 Chapter 2: Design Inputs

This chapter includes the system requirements that list all the features of the Spped Breaker Power
Generator design in relation to the development of the project. It also includes related studies that have
significant relation and influence to the development of the project.

Client’s Requirement
Listed below are the requirements of the system in response to the problem and the objective that the
proponents have taken into consideration.
1. Design a speed bump for the prototype where the components will be placed underneath the
bump.
2. Design of the capacity of the spring to identify the maximum capacity of a loaded vehicle.
3. Provide flexible specification and size of the battery for the prototype.
4. Limit the risk of malfunction of the prototype.

Table 2-1 Design Criteria and Constraints

Design Criteria Constraints
Cost Approximately, 70 thousand budgets
(Economical Constraint)
Output per cycle 12 – 24 volts
(Performance Constraint)
Availability Materials/Components are commonly found.
(Environmental Constraint)
Durability Life span, at least 5 years
(Reliability Constraint)

Economic Constraint
The design should have an acceptable cost when commissioned as a whole system. The design should
incorporate the least possible cost that a system could possibly achieve. In comparison of different design
options, the cost of each design was taken into consideration so that there can be a proper selection that can
obtain the said objective without compromising much of the other factors considered

Performance Constraint
The design should incorporate a voltage that ranges 12 to 24 volts to maximize the charging capacity of the
battery when subjected to the mechanical motion of the flywheel.

Environmental Constraint
The design should consider the location to where it should be constructed. This includes some
consideration of the physical appearance of the design.

Reliability Constraint
The reliability of the design prototype is very much significant. The reliability of the battery is dependent to
the life span the prototype. Considering that every material has its own limit as time passes by.
Main System Components

Figure 2-1. Physical Appearance of the Charging System

Figure 2.1 shows design of the charging system looks like a capsule with an opening on both ends. Linear
generator, data logger, and charging circuit are placed inside the waterproof casing and covered with end
caps.

Figure 2-2 Side view of the main system components

1.Anchor Holder – this part serves as the holder of the anchor and it helps the stability of the prototype.
2.Watertight Casing – this part serves as the protection of the internal part from the surface waves.
3.Fin – this part prevents the prototype from moving sideward. The prototype should be parallel from the
waves to be more efficient.
4.Rotor Casing – this part serves as the protection in the windings of the linear generator.
5.Charging Circuit – This serves as the converter of AC to DC and stores it to the battery. It also contains
charging port and switches for itself and for the data logger.
6.Opposing Magnets – this part makes the Neodymium magnets repel as it goes to the end of the casing. It
also adds additional force to make the magnets bounce back into the other side.
8.Neodymium Magnet – this part passes through the wire coil to generate power.
9.Coil – this part determines how much power is generated on each pass of neodymium magnets.
10. Digital Voltmeter – measure the voltage obtain through digital.

List of Components

1. Generator

Figure 2-3 Magnetic Generator

A magnetic generator consists of magnet, some electrical wire, and a source of mechanical energy. The
mechanical energy moves the wire into the magnetic field of the magnet so that the wire cuts through the
magnetic lines of force. As a result, electric current is produced.
2. Flywheel

Figure 2-4 Flywheel

A flywheel is a mechanical device specifically designed to efficiently store rotational energy. Flywheels
resist changes in rotational speed by their moment of inertia. The amount of energy stored in a flywheel is
proportional to the square of its rotational speed and its mass.

3. Spring

Figure 2-4 spring

Spring steel is a name given to a wide range of steels used in the manufacture of springs, prominently in
automotive and industrial suspension applications. These steels are generally low-alloy manganese,
medium-carbon steel or high-carbon steel with a very high yield strength. This allows objects made of spring
steel to return to their original shape despite significant deflection or twisting. The application of steel spring
in the design is to help the hump to recover after a vehicle has passed by.
4. Hump

Figure 2-5 Speed Bump

Speed bumps (or speed breakers) are the common name for a family of traffic calming devices that use
vertical deflection to slow motor-vehicle traffic in order to improve safety conditions. Variations include the
speed hump, speed cushion, and speed table.

5. Belt

Figure 2-6 Drive Belt

A serpentine belt is a single, continuous belt used to drive multiple peripheral devices in an automotive
engine, such as an alternator, power steering pump, water pump, air conditioning compressor, air pump, etc.
The belt may also be guided by an idler pulley and/or a belt tensioner..
6. Electric Battery

Figure 2-7 lithium Battery

A lithium-ion battery or Li-ion battery is a type of rechargeable battery, first proposed by chemist M Stanley
Whittingham at Exxon in the 1970s. Lithium-ion batteries are commonly used for portable electronics and
electric vehicles and are growing in popularity for military and aerospace applications

7. Battery Controller

Figure 2-7 Battery Controller

A charge controller, charge regulator or battery regulator limits the rate at which electric current is added to
or drawn from electric batteries. It prevents overcharging and may protect against overvoltage, which can
reduce battery performance or lifespan, and may pose a safety risk.
8. Battery Indicator

Figure 2-7 Battery Indicator

A battery indicator is a device which gives information about a battery. This will usually be a visual
indication of the battery's state of charge. It is particularly important in the case of a battery electric vehicle.

9. Pulley

Figure 2-7 Belt Pulley

A pulley is a wheel on an axle or shaft that is designed to support movement and change of direction of a
taut cable or belt, or transfer of power between the shaft and cable or belt. Pulleys are also assembled as
part of belt and chain drives in order to transmit power from one rotating shaft to another.
10. Sprocket

Figure 2-7 Chain Sprocket

A sprocket or sprocket-wheel is a profiled wheel with teeth, or cogs, that mesh with a chain, track or other
perforated or indented material. ... It is distinguished from a gear in that sprockets are never meshed
together directly, and differs from a pulley in that sprockets have teeth and pulleys are smooth.

11. Bearing

Figure 2-7 Aligned One Way Bearing

A drawn cup needle roller clutch has a small radial section height and is also commonly known as a One
Way Bearing or Anti-Reverse Bearing. One Way Bearings are designed to transmit torque between the
shaft and housing in one direction and allow free motion in the opposite direction.
12. Chain

Figure 2-7 Steel Chain

A chain is a serial assembly of connected pieces, called links, typically made of metal, with an overall
character similar to that of a rope in that it is flexible and curved in compression but linear, rigid, and load-
bearing in tension. A chain may consist of two or more links.

13. Hinge

Figure 2-7 Steel Hinge

Barrel hinge. a sectional barrel secured by a pivot. ... Most residential hinges found in the U.S. are made of
steel, although mortise hinges for exterior doors are often made of brass or stainless steel to prevent
corrosion.