Phs DW Rev22

No.
G0101 – I
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
dated October 2018, Rev.22
HARDNESS STANDARDISATION MACHINE

WITH DIRECT WEIGHTS FOR
ROCKWELL, BRINELL AND VICKERS TESTING
Direct weight hardness tester equipped with Gal-Vision System (optional)
Produced by
LTF
a division of SpA
Via Cremona 10 - 24051 Antegnate (BG) - ITALY
Tel. +39 363 94901 (15 linee R.A.) Fax +39 363 914770 E-Mail: ltf@ltf.it
In cooperation with
Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRIM) - Italy
(formerly Istituto di Metrologia "G. Colonnetti" (IMGC) of the National Research Council (CNR))
File: PSH DW_rev22.doc GALILEO

Durometria Page 1 of 24
No. G0101 – I
CONTENTS
1. DOCUMENT SUBJECT...................................................................................................Page 3
2. REFERENCE STANDARDS ..........................................................................................Page 4
3. EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTION .........................................................................................Page 5

3.1 Introduction - Need for a primary reference .................................................Page 5
3.2 Functional features ........................................................................................Page 6
3.3 Composition ...................................................................................................Page 7
3.3.1 Measurement station ........................................................................Page 7
3.3.2 Control and processing unit .............................................................Page 10
3.4 Connection to peripherals ..........................................................................Page 11
3.5 Environmental operating conditions .........................................................Page 11
4. EQUIPMENT OPERATING FUNCTIONS ....................................................................Page 12

4.1 Reference block calibration ........................................................................Page 12
4.2 Indenter calibration ......................................................................................Page 13
4.3 Manual cycle .................................................................................................Page 14
4.4 Self-control method .....................................................................................Page 14
5. REFERENCES AND PERFORMANCES ......................................................................Page 15

5.1 References ....................................................................................................Page 15
5.2 Performances and metrological comparisons .........................................Page 18
5.3 Training, installation and commissioning of the system .........................Page 18
6. SUPPLIES .....................................................................................................................Page 18
6.1 Electric power supply ..................................................................................Page 18
6.2 Pneumatic supply ........................................................................................Page 18
7. PARTS NOT INCLUDED IN THE SUPPLY ................................................................ Page 19
8. BIBLIOGRAPHY ...........................................................................................................Page 20
9. LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................Page 21
HARDNESS STANDARDISATION
No. G0101 – I
MACHINE
1. DOCUMENT SUBJECT
This document describes the main technical features of a system for macrohardness
tests designed by the Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRIM) Turin, Italy
(formerly Istituto di Metrologia "G. Colonnetti" (IMGC) of the National Research Council
(CNR)), to make a reference equipment according to ISO and ASTM Standards: the
system is produced by LTF Spa in cooperation with INRIM.
In particular, the document describes the following information about the

aforementioned equipment:
• functional features;
• general technical specifications;
• acquired references;
• Metrological performances.

No. G0101 – I
2. REFERENCE STANDARDS
For superficial and standard Rockwell hardness tests:

a. ISO 6508-1, Metallic materials – Rockwell hardness test – Part 1: Test method (scales
A-B-C-D-E-F-G-H-K-N-T)
b. ISO 6508-2, Metallic materials – Rockwell hardness test – Part 2: Verification and calibration
of testing machines (scales A-B-C-D-E-F-G-H-K-N-T)
c. ISO 6508-3, Metallic materials – Rockwell hardness test – Part 3: Calibration of reference
blocks (scales A-B-C-D-E-F-G-H-K-N-T)
For Vickers hardness tests:

d. ISO 6507-1, Metallic materials – Vickers hardness test - Part 1: Test method
e. ISO 6507-2, Metallic materials – Vickers hardness test – Part 2: Verification of testing
machines
f. ISO 6507-3, Metallic materials – Vickers hardness test – Part 3: Calibration of reference blocks
For Brinell hardness tests:

i. ISO 6506-1, Metallic materials – Brinell hardness test - Part 1: Test method
l. ISO 6506-2, Metallic materials – Brinell hardness test - Part 2: Verification and calibration of
testing machines
m. ISO 6506-3, Metallic materials – Brinell hardness test - Part 3: Calibration of reference blocks

No. G0101 – I
3. EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTION
3.1 Introduction – Need for a primary reference
Undoubtedly hardness has a special and unique position among the different
metrological values of industrial interest because unlike other parameters, such as force,
energy, etc., it is not directly involved with the main parameters of the International System
(Length, Mass, Time, Electric Power). In other words, the availability (or the referibility) of
the SI standard units, is a necessary condition, but not sufficient to establish a hardness
reference. With regard to hardness, to this initial premise we must add a reference
dissemination system an industrial level: in practice, the hardness scales are transferred
typically by means of reference samples, consisting of calibrated blocks used to check the
industrial hardness testers.
Since hardness is a destructive test, maintenance of a scale cannot be reduced to

maintenance of an adequate set of test blocks, but rather the availability of a metrological
system of adequate accuracy for the calibration of such test blocks. In particular, the
Standards, which define such equipment as “standardizing machine”, also specify the main
metrological performances. This document refers to such Standards, from which the
national Standards of most Countries are derived.
In addition to the requirements established by the Standards, a reference

metrological system also requires other features. They can be summarized as follows:
• Automation of the measurement cycle: human operations must be limited to a

point at which the results of the measurements by the operator are not relevant.
• Stability over time: based on a hasty initial examination, some high-quality

commercial hardness testers may seem to conform to the Standard requirements
for calibration equipments and may no suggest that no special equipment is
required: a more in-depth analysis has shown that stability and reproducibility
require the use of special design solutions, which are incompatible with the
characteristics of a commercial equipment.
In conclusion, since a primary metrological laboratory is responsible for the

development and maintenance of the references, and for the support of the Standard
activity (just consider the analysis of the various factors which may influence the
measurement results, to obtain a correct definition of the test methods), its equipment, in
addition to even greater accuracy, must be specifically suitable for research work,
compared to equipment used for calibration on a large scale (such as a secondary
hardness tester with fulcrum levers on blades which is within the limits set forth by the
Standards for a “standardizing machine”).

No. G0101 – I
For this reason, considering what has been mentioned above, a primary system
requires configuration and design choices which grant:
• the highest accuracy and stability over time
• enhanced operating flexibility and an intrinsic propensity to work in a wide range

of variation of metrological parameters (e.g.: speed, acceleration, time, and so
on)
• greater possibility of controlling such parameters, so that the most diversified

metrological conditions in which the commercial equipments operate can be
simulated.
The technical solutions described on the following pages are suitable for reaching
these targets, as shown from the result already achieved in the previous developments
(see paragraph 5).
3.2 Functional features
The equipment described (Fig. 1- page 20) is a metrological system (“standardizing

machine”) which can maintain a hardness reference, through the calibration of the
reference test blocks, as indicated in the Standards.
In particular, the equipment can:

• calibrate the reference test blocks for the Rockwell scales (A-B-C-D-E-F-G-H-K-
L-M-N-P-R-S-T-V-W-X-Y)
• create the indentations to calibrate reference test blocks for Vickers scales [from
HV3 to HV100] and Brinell scales starting from 5 kgf to 187.5 kgf (7,8125 kgf and
125 kgf escluded) ; the indentations will have to be measured using an optional
adequate measurement device (see point 7.b). Moreover as optional the loads
for generating HV1 and HV2 indentations are available always complying with the
ISO 6507-2 Standards
• perform the indirect verification (the so-called “performance test”) for diamond
cone indenters for Rockwell tests, as indicated in the Standards, through a
comparison with a reference indenter.
To eliminate as much operator influence as possible from the calibration results
(essential condition for a reference metrological system), the system is completely
automated for what concerns the test cycle control and also for the subsequent processing
of the results. Furthermore, considering the progressive and always more incisive diffusion
of data processing systems for laboratory management, the system is developed so that
it can be easily integrated with such systems to provide specific advantages.

No. G0101 – I
3.3 Composition
The system consists of two main units, which are strictly interrelated:
• measurement station
• control and processing unit
3.3.1 Measurement station
This is the core of the entire system and consists essentially of a hardness tester with
enhanced metrological performances, both concerning accuracy and stability over time.
The support structure, based on a three-column frame, is developed so that it is
symmetrical with respect to the penetration axis and stable in every phase of the cycle,
and so to avoid hyperstatic conditions, wherever possible.
The measuring system of the Rockwell indentation depth in mainly based on the laser
measuring system described here below. It widely falls within the tolerances required by
the ISO 6508-3 Standards (typically 4 times better).
The test load application mechanism operates with direct weights with a load
frame guide through pneumostatic bearings. The system can generate the following test
loads, with uncertainty values much inferior to what prescribed by the relevant
Standards (normally 5 times less than the Standard requirements).
➢ pre-loads: 29.42 N (superficial Rockwell) and 98.07 N (standard Rockwell)
➢ total loads:
• 147.1 N, 294.2 N and 441.3 N, for superficial Rockwell tests;
• 588.4 N, 980.7 N and 1471 N, for standard Rockwell tests;
• 9.807 N 2, 19.61 N 2, 98.07 N, 196.1 N, 294.2 N, 490.3 N, 588.4 N and 980.7 N, for Vickers
1
tests;
• 49.03 N, 61.29 N, 98.07 N, 153.2 N, 245.2 N, 294.2 N, 306.5 N, 612.9 N, 980.7 N and
1839N for Brinell 1 tests.
1
For the Vickers and Brinell scales the system can generate the indentations which must then be measured
using an optional suitable measurement device (see point 7.b).
2
optional

No. G0101 – I
The direct loads are generated using

calibrated masses applied to the loading trolley; the
test load is selected using a rotating manual selector
and when needed, by adding calibrated masses to
the top or to the bottom part of the loading trolley
(basket). The procedure is accurate as well as easy
and very fast to perform.
To carry out tests with 49.03 N force,

it is necessary to position the three
calibrated masses upon the superior
cross plate.

No. G0101 – I
The laser interferometer used to measure the indentation depth has a resolution of
0.01 µm and an uncertainty value of less than 20 ppm.
The laser interferometer is completed of a Calibration Certificate by accredited laboratory

whose measurements are traceable to a national length measurement standard.
The load is applied utilizing a retroaction servo-control: this solution is used to control
the penetration speed to within 1 µm/s in the range required by the Standards, as well as
the continuous measurement of the load and the movement of the indenter during the test
cycle. In addition, the system load cycle can be controlled so that the load-time and
movement-time cycles can be programmed and controlled independently during the test
cycle.
The penetration speed adjustment field ranges from 1 µm/s to 800 µm/s.
These features make the system very flexible also for research, as required for a
national metrological reference. Fig. 2 illustrates the measurement station. Fig. 5 reports a
summary mechanical diagram (under resting conditions).
A set of standardizing indenters, in compliance with the requirements of Standards,

with calibration certificate where applicable, is available as optional (see point 7.a):
• diamond cone indenter for Rockwell tests;
• diamond pyramid with square base indenter for Vickers tests;
• hardmetal ball indenter, diam.1/16”-1/8”-1/4”-1/2”, for Rockwell tests;
• hardmetal ball indenter, diam. 1-2.5-5-10 mm, for Brinell tests.

No. G0101 – I
3.3.2 Control and processing unit
This unit, located next to the measurement station, is dedicated to controlling the test
cycle, data acquisition and processing, display, printing and filing of test results, as well as
any interfacing with a laboratory management information system.
The control and processing unit consists of:
 personal computer with WINDOWS operating system; MS OFFICE; LED color

monitor
 Power unit, for the measurement station power supply, the power control for actuators
and limit switch interfacing.
 Printer, A4 format;
 System control software: this software was specifically developed to manage the
entire system. It also includes the management routines of the various calibration
station functions (motor and limit switch control, interfacing with the laser
measurement system and with the printer), implementation of the entire work cycle,
both to calibrate the reference blocks and to control the indenters. The system self-
control functions (see par. 4.4) were also integrated in the software package. The
operator interface, based on a graphic window menu in the Windows environment, is
extremely easy to use and does not require any programming knowledge. Archive
management, integrated in the work program, is designed for a local network
connection and for access to data by data base management software. English,
language are available.
 Manual use mode: it is possible to operate on the system in manual mode; several
virtual push buttons allow all main movements for carrying out the test cycle and for
the maintenance of the system.
3.4 Connection to peripherals
As already mentioned, the system is designed for connection to peripheral units. In

particular, the computer can be connected by local Ethernet network.
3.5 Environmental operating conditions

No. G0101 – I
The system is designed for use in a laboratory environment, with the following limits
for environmental conditions:
▪ temperature: 21 ± 2 °C
▪ Relative humidity: 30 – 70 %, without condensation.

No. G0101 – I
4. EQUIPMENT OPERATING FUNCTIONS
As already mentioned, the system

is controlled by a Personal Computer
which, through an easy-to-understand
operator interface, displays the possible
options each time along with a guide for
selecting them (English language).
Therefore, when the system is turned on,
it displays the menu of the possible
operating phases. A summary of these
phases is presented below.
4.1 Reference block calibration
Calibration consists of a series of hardness tests on the block to be calibrated and an

evaluation of the relative uniformity based on the variation of the results obtained.
The operator has selected the test parameters as the Standard to be used, as well
as the scale, the indenter, the number of tests on each block, the sizes block, the positions
on the block where generate the indentations, the operative procedure with the indication
of all times and speeds of the test cycle; the operator has also set the correct load and pre-
load. In order to position the block on the table at beginning and at the end of the test, there
is a very easy procedure that allows to avoid any damage to the indenter. The settling tests
are then performed and thus the valid tests are established during the set-up phase.
For each block, the operator must just enter the relative data on the keyboard and
then, for each test, position the block on the anvil and press a button on the keyboard: the
entire test cycle (application of the pre-load and load and removing them, indentation depth
measurement, hardness calculation, application of any correction, calculation of average
hardness and block uniformity) is performed by the system with an absolutely automated
process.

No. G0101 – I
At the end of each test cycle, the system monitor displays the relative result, while at
the end of the set test cycle, the monitor displays the results of the calibration operation
and the relative outcome based on the uniformity requirements of the ISO Standards.
There are available several graphs in each test between applied load and time,
development and time, speed indenter and time.
The results of the calibration

operation are saved on a disk (for
subsequent reading or to process
succeeding statistical analyses using a
suitable data management software
package). It is also possible to print a
calibration report for each block that
contains the block identification data
and the calibration results.
4.2 Manual cycle
The system is equipped with a set of manual controls to drive the servo-mechanism
(speed adjustment, start, stop) as well as signal LEDs (limit switch status, reaching specific
position of the load frame, emergency signals), all located on the control panel of the
control and processing unit, for manual control of the measurement station. These

No. G0101 – I
functions are useful during system set-up or re-calibration operations, or in case of a

processing unit malfunction. The signal LEDs also can be used to provide visual monitoring
of system conditions even when the cycle can be controlled automatically.
4.3 Self-control method
As required by Standards, the system has been designed to be checked with a direct
method. In particular:
 the load application mechanism can be checked using calibrated dynamometers with
an appropriate degree of accuracy, placing the dynamometer under the indenter
handle instead of the anvil, in an easy and fast way, without having to disassemble
any other part of the system;
 The measuring device as well as the load

application cycle can be easily checked
ensuring a full metrological
characterization of the complete
measuring system. This is possible thanks
to the features of the frame movement
alongside with the software functions.

No. G0101 – I
5. REFERENCES AND PERFORMANCES
LTF-GALILEO REFERENCES Equipment for Primary Hardness

HSM Hardness Standardization Machine (Rockwell, Brinell and Vickers)
GAL-VISION Reference Metrological System for measuring Vickers and Brinell indentations
GAL-INDENT Reference Metrological System for diamond Rockwell and Vickers indenters
NAME TYPE OF EQUIPMENT YEAR

NIST HSM Hardness standardization Machine (Rockwell,
1992
WASHINGTON, USA Brinell and Vickers)
I.N.Ri.M. – Turin - Italy HSM Hardness standardization Machine (Rockwell,

( Former IMGC METROLOGY Brinell and Vickers) 2000
INSTITUTE G. COLONNETTI)
NPL GAL-INDENT Reference Metrological System for

2000
LONDON – U.K. diamond Rockwell and Vickers indenters
HSM Hardness standardization Machine (Rockwell,

Brinell and Vickers)
and
INMETRO 2005
GAL-VISION Reference Metrological System for
Rio De Janeiro measuring Vickers and Brinell indentations
Brazil and
GAL-INDENT Reference Metrological System for
diamond Rockwell and Vickers indenters

LTF S.p.A. and
ACCREDIA CALIBRATION CENTER 2005
measuring Vickers and Brinell indentations
ANTEGNATE, ITALY
and
HSM Hardness standardization Machine (Rockwell N/T

scales)
CFCU
SOFIA- BULGARIA and 2006

No. G0101 – I

HSM Hardness standardization Machine – Lever Type
NIM - CHINA NATIONAL and
METROLOGY INSTUTUTE – GAL-VISION Reference Metrological System for 2006
BEIJING, CHINA measuring Vickers and Brinell indentations

TUBITAK UME and 2006
GEBZE/KOKAELI – TURKEY GAL-INDENT Reference Metrological System for
HSM Hardness standardization Machine (Rockwell N/T

scales and Vickers/Brinell up to 100 kgf)
NPL
NEW DELHI – INDIA and 2007

NIST and 2008
WASHINGTON, USA
DRML HSM Hardness standardization Machine (Rockwell,

TIMISOARA, ROMANIA Brinell and Vickers) 2009
VNIIFTRI
National Metrological GAL-INDENT Reference Metrological System for 2009
Institute of Russia - MOSCOW

HEILONGJIANG ANHUA MEASURE Brinell and Vickers)
CENTER – and 2010
HARBIN, CHINA
KRISS HSM Hardness standardization Machine (Rockwell,

KOREA RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF and 2011
STANDARD & SCIENCE GAL-VISION Reference Metrological System for
DAEJON – Republic of Korea measuring Vickers and Brinell indentations

No. G0101 – I

VNIIFTRI HSM Hardness standardization Machine (Rockwell,
National Metrological Brinell and Vickers) 2015
Institute of Russia - MOSCOW

and
SASO GAL-VISION Reference Metrological System for
2016
Riyadh - Saudi Arabia measuring Vickers and Brinell indentations
and
NIM - CHINA NATIONAL

METROLOGY INSTUTUTE – 2017
BEIJING, CHINA
NIST HSM Hardness standardization Machine (Rockwell,

2017
WASHINGTON, USA Brinell and Vickers)
BEIJING METROLGICAL GAL INDENT Reference Metrological System for

2018
INSTITUTE 304, CHINA diamond Rockwell and Vickers indenters
BELGIM PRIMARY INSTITUTE, HSM Hardness standardization Machine (Rockwell,

2018
BELARUS Brinell and Vickers)

No. G0101 – I
5.2 Performances and metrological comparisons

These systems are also employed all over the world by several National Metrological
Institutes to determinate the relevant reference values of national hardness scales (by
means of reference blocks).
5.3 Training, installation and commissioning of the system
We are also in a position to offer following optional after sale service for HSM system:
installation, commissioning, training course. All can be quoted along with the machine and
are performed through the following stages:
a) The Customer can effect a test of the machine performances in LTF’s Laboratory;
b) metrological characterization upon the HRC and HR15N and HV30 scales (others on
request) of the system c/o LTF by IN.RI.M. (formerly Metrological Institute G.
Colonnetti, Italy (IMGC));
c) transport of the system for installation at Customer’s site;
d) installation and commissioning of the system at Customer’s site with training for two
of Customer’s technicians, for a total duration of five -ten days depending on the
Customer’s request;
Operation Manual and Technical Manual, with mechanical and electrical schemes of the
machine, will be available in English language.
6. SUPPLIES
6.1 Electric power supply
The system requires a 220-240 V – 50/60 Hz single-phase electric power supply.

The installed power rating is about 1.75 KVA (a power supply of 110 V – 60Hz are available
on request). The single system units are equipped with a power supply cord with a
Schuko type socket (other ones on request), for the easy connection to the local electrical
power network.
6.2 Pneumatic supply
The system requires a pneumatic power supply with pressure ranging between 6 and
9 bars with 30 Nl/min. The air supplied must be clean, dry and not lubricated. An Air
Power Supply System is available as optional.

No. G0101 – I
7. PARTS NOT INCLUDED IN THE SUPPLY
Unless specifically indicated in the offer, the standard supply does not include the
following parts and/or services:
a) reference Rockwell, Vickers and Brinell indenters (see point 3.3.1) as well as other
special indenters, not mentioned in this document;
b) optional Reference Metrological System for the measurement of Vickers and Brinell
indentations (Gal-Vision system) in general quoted separately in order to establish the
version and the correct accessories;
c) spare parts; due to stability overtime and high characteristic of the system, no spare
part needs for a period of 5 years; at any rate, the main components as laser, computer,
I/O boards, actuators, indenters, load cell, micro-switch, air bearings are available as
ex-stock supply or in any case within six (6) months of placing the order.
d) hardware and software connection to any laboratory local information network;
e) accident-prevention devices and protection units;
f) any software personalization as modification of printing formats, language, etc.);
g) source lists and software development environment.
Requests for customization and variants according to user’s particular

needs can be submitted and are subject to LTF’s prior evaluation and
approval. Any extra costs will be quoted accordingly.
LTF RESERVES THE RIGHT TO MODIFY ANY TIME THE TECHNICAL

FEATURES DESCRIBED IN THIS REPORT ON THE PURPOSE OF
BRINGING IMPROVEMENTS AND UPDATES TO THE SYSTEM.

No. G0101 – I
8. BIBLIOGRAPHY
/1/ BARBATO G., DESOGUS S., LEVI R.: “Design studies and characteristic
description of the standard dead-weight hardness tester of the Istituto di Metrologia
«G. Colonnetti»”, VDI-Berichte No. 308, 1978, 97-103.
/2/ BARBATO G., DESOGUS S. “Realizzazione di alcune scale di durezza presso
l’Istituto di Metrologia «G. Colonnetti» di Torino”, Ingegneria Meccanica 1979, N° 4,
81-84.
/3/ BARBATO G., PETIK F.: “Comparison between the hardness scales maintained at
the IMGC, Torino and OMH, Budapest”. Bulletin OIML No.82, March 1981, 12-21.
/4/ BARBATO G.: “Investigation on the uncertainties of hardness measurement”,
Bulletin OIML No.91, June 1983, 3-12.
/5/ BARBATO, G., GORI, G.: "Metrological references in Hardness Measurement: a
necessary background for industrial Quality Assurance", Proceedings of the 5 th
Congreso Nacional de Metrologia Industrial, Zaragoza, 13-15 November 1991.
/6/ SMITH J., BARBATO G., DESOGUS S., GERMAK A.: “Advances in Hardness
Reference Scales”, IMEKO XIII, 1994.
/7/ BARBATO G., PETIK F.: “Metrological involvement in the definition and
dissemination of hardness scales”, IMEKO XIII, 1994.
/8/ BARBATO G., DESOGUS S., GERMAK A.: “Report on the results obtained in the
comparison of the HRC scales maintained at ETCA, IMGC and MPA NRW”,
Technical Report IMGC R382.
9. LIST OF PICTURES
Picture 1 Direct weight hardness tester
Picture 2 Measurement station
Picture 3 The Software: a few examples during the test cycle
Picture 4 Measurement station mechanical diagram (at rest)

No. G0101 – I
Picture 1 - Direct weight hardness tester with the integrated Gal-Vision System
(optional)

No. G0101 – I
Picture 2 - Measurement station

No. G0101 – I
Picture 3 – The Software: a few examples during the test cycle

No. G0101 – I
Picture 4 -Measurement station mechanical diagram (at rest)
Note the indenter I, the frame S of the indenter guided by the pneumostatic bearings G1 and G2,
and supported by means of runners B by the external frame E, hung by means of the flexible hinge
F and the load cell K to the electro-mechanical lifting system J mounted on the fixed frame H. The
weight pack L, supported under resting conditions by the frame S on the blocks N, during
penetration is transferred by means of kinematic supports M and Q, on the frame S of the indenter
with lowering of the frame. The reference block O resets on the fixed anvil A.


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HARDNESS STANDARDISATION MACHINE

Direct weight hardness tester equipped with Gal-Vision System (optional)

File: PSH DW_rev22.doc GALILEO

2. REFERENCE STANDARDS ..........................................................................................Page 4

3. EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTION .........................................................................................Page 5

4. EQUIPMENT OPERATING FUNCTIONS ....................................................................Page 12

5. REFERENCES AND PERFORMANCES ......................................................................Page 15

7. PARTS NOT INCLUDED IN THE SUPPLY ................................................................ Page 19

9. LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................Page 21

In particular, the document describes the following information about the

• general technical specifications;

File: PSH DW_rev22.doc GALILEO

For superficial and standard Rockwell hardness tests:

For Vickers hardness tests:

For Brinell hardness tests:

File: PSH DW_rev22.doc GALILEO

3.1 Introduction – Need for a primary reference

Since hardness is a destructive test, maintenance of a scale cannot be reduced to

In addition to the requirements established by the Standards, a reference

• Automation of the measurement cycle: human operations must be limited to a

• Stability over time: based on a hasty initial examination, some high-quality

In conclusion, since a primary metrological laboratory is responsible for the

File: PSH DW_rev22.doc GALILEO

• the highest accuracy and stability over time

• enhanced operating flexibility and an intrinsic propensity to work in a wide range

• greater possibility of controlling such parameters, so that the most diversified

3.2 Functional features

The equipment described (Fig. 1- page 20) is a metrological system (“standardizing

In particular, the equipment can:

File: PSH DW_rev22.doc GALILEO

• control and processing unit

3.3.1 Measurement station

➢ pre-loads: 29.42 N (superficial Rockwell) and 98.07 N (standard Rockwell)

File: PSH DW_rev22.doc GALILEO

The direct loads are generated using

To carry out tests with 49.03 N force,

File: PSH DW_rev22.doc GALILEO

The laser interferometer is completed of a Calibration Certificate by accredited laboratory

A set of standardizing indenters, in compliance with the requirements of Standards,

File: PSH DW_rev22.doc GALILEO

3.3.2 Control and processing unit

The control and processing unit consists of:

 personal computer with WINDOWS operating system; MS OFFICE; LED color

3.4 Connection to peripherals

As already mentioned, the system is designed for connection to peripheral units. In

3.5 Environmental operating conditions

File: PSH DW_rev22.doc GALILEO

File: PSH DW_rev22.doc GALILEO

4. EQUIPMENT OPERATING FUNCTIONS

As already mentioned, the system

4.1 Reference block calibration

Calibration consists of a series of hardness tests on the block to be calibrated and an

File: PSH DW_rev22.doc GALILEO

The results of the calibration

4.2 Manual cycle

File: PSH DW_rev22.doc GALILEO

functions are useful during system set-up or re-calibration operations, or in case of a

4.3 Self-control method

 The measuring device as well as the load

File: PSH DW_rev22.doc GALILEO

5. REFERENCES AND PERFORMANCES

LTF-GALILEO REFERENCES Equipment for Primary Hardness