COMMUNITY AND PUBLIC HEALTH

HEALTH

-derived from the word heal

DEMOGRAPHY

-mathematical and statistical study of the size, composition & spatial distribution of human populations
& of charges overtime in these aspects through the operation of 5 process of:

1. Fertility

2. Mortality

3. Migration

4. Marriage

5. Social Mobility

USES

 To determine the number of distribution of a population in certain area for planning, priority
setting & for purposes for fund allocation.
 To determine growth (or decline) & dispersal of population in the past
 To establish a “casual relationship” between population trends and various aspects of social
organization.
 To predict future developments & their possible consequences.

DESCRIBING THE POPULATION COMPOSITION

A. SEX COMPOSITION
1. Sex Ratio
- compare the number of males to the number of female

number of males

Sex Ratio = -------------------------- x 100

Number of females

2. Sex Structure
 - Compare the sex ratio across different categories / levels of another
characteristics
B. AGE COMPOSITION
1. Median Age
- The value which *** the upper 50% and lower 50% 0f ages 0f the
population.
- used to gauge whether the population is young or old.

Ex: the median age 9f the Filipinos was 15 y.o in 1970 and 19 y.o in 1990.

2. Age-Dependency Ratio
Pop 0-14 yo + Pop (> or equal) 65 yo
= -------------------------------------------------- x 100
Pop 15-64 yo
- The computed value represents the number of dependents that need to be supported
by every 100 persons in the economically active groups.

Age Groups Number Percent

0-14 24 004 586 39.5
15-64 34 629 959 57.1
65 over 2 063 445 3.4
= 75.28 or 75.3 (Rounded off always since person ang pinag-uusapan)

AGE & SEX COMPOSITION

1. POPULATION PYRAMID
 A graphical presentation of the age and sex composition of the population.
 Also enables one to explain and describe the demographic trends of the population in
the past.

HOW TO C9NSTRUCT A POPULATION PYRAMID?

1. Compute the percentage of the population falling in each age-sex group using the total
population, that is, males and females combined as denominator.
2. Each group is represented by horizontal bar. The first bar representing the youngest age group is
drawn at the base or the pyramid.
x pop
-------------x 100
Total pop
 3. The bars of males are traditionally presented on the left side of the central vertical axis while
bars for females are presented on the right side.
4. The length of each bar corresponds to the percent (%) of the population falling in the specific
age and sex group being plotted.

HEALTH INDICATORS

 Quantitative measures
 Describe and summarize various aspects
 Usually expressed as ratios proportions or rates

USES

 Determine factors that may contribute to causation and control of diseases

 Identify public health problems and needs
 Indicate priorities for resource allocation (health economics)
 Monitor health program implementation
 Evaluate health programs

CRUDE BIRTH RATE

 Measures how fast people are added to the population

 Crude rate because the denominator is not the population at risk.
No. of registered live births in a year
CBR= -------------------------------------------------- x 1000
mid-year population

2 036 944
CBR = ---------------- x 1000
71 723 373

INTERPRETATION: There were 28.4 registered live births per 1000 population

CBR > or equal 45 l.b/1000 population/year  high fertility rate

CBR < or equal 20 l.b/1000 population/year  low fertility rate

(*interpretation will always be on phrase)

CRUDE DEATH RATE

 Measures rate at which mortality occurs in a given population

Total death in 1 yr.
CDR = -------------------------- x 1000
Total mid yr.
437 513
 CDR = ------------------- x 1000
71 723 373

INTERPRETATION: There were 6.1 deaths per 1000 population

(US CDR = 9.2/1000)

GENERAL FERTILITY RATE

# registered l.b in a year

GDR = ---------------------------------------- x 1000

Midyr pop. Women 15-44 yo

658 568

GDR = ---------------- x 1000

1 563 836

INTERPRETATION: There were 421 registered livebirths per 1000 population of women aged 15-44 yo

GFR = 200 l.b/1000 pop/yr  high fertility rate

GFR = 60 l.b/1000 pop/yr  low fertility rate

MORTALITY RATE INDICATORS

Total deaths in 1 yr

CDR = ---------------------------- x 1000

Total midyr pop.

Death in a specific cause

CAUSE-OF-DEATH RATE = ------------------------------------ x 1000

Midyr pop.

MORTALITY INDICATORS

INFANT

IM

INFAN