VERBO TO BE

one of the auxiliary verbs in English along with doing, having will. 'To be' when performing the role
of auxiliary verb is meaningless.

Being is used as an auxiliary in the following tenses:

Present continuous (present continuous)

Past continuous (past continuous)

Plus perfect continuous (past perfect continuous)

Future continuous (futur continuous)

It is also used as an auxiliary to build the passive voice.

Grammar The verb to be is the only full copulative verb in English, which means that it uses
adjectives instead of adverbs to complete the meaning of the verb:

My boss is good: my boss is good

Conjugation of the verb "to be"

The verb is very irregular, fortunately in English simple verb tenses.

Present simple (Present simple)

Most verbs use the verb to do as an auxiliary ('do / does').

But the verb must be present simple form denial and interrogation differently from the rest to
other verbs. Am / are / is act as auxiliary:

Interrogative sentences:

You are a student? You are a student?

Negative sentences:

He is not your teacher: He is not your teacher

Question with the verb "to be"

The interrogation is formed by reversing the order of the subject and the verb.

The following affirmative sentence:

You are beautiful. You are beautiful

It becomes interrogative, exchanging the order of the subject and the verb:

you're beautiful? You're beautiful?

the formation of the interrogation is different for the verb "to be" than for the normal verbs
(where for the simple tenses an auxiliary is used to form the interrogation).
PRONOMBRES PERSONALES Y POSESIVOS

We call personal pronouns those pronouns that have no other function than to present
something. Possessive pronouns express to whom a thing belongs, demonstrative pronouns
highlight something, interrogative pronouns ask about something. All these pronouns do more
than simply present something, while personal pronouns simply present something.

Personal pronouns (personal pronouns)

singular singular plural plural

1st person I I we we

2nd person you you you you

3rd person he / she / it

he / she / they they / they

It is a peculiarity of English that the first person of the singular (I) is always capitalized (which is
due to the fact that single letters are always written with capital letters in English).

A proper form of courtesy (which would correspond to you in Spanish) does not exist. The second
person (you) is used.
POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES

Possessive adjectives indicate who owns the noun. In Spanish, ‘mi’, ‘su’, etc. are used to denote
possession. Possessive adjectives in English are as follows:

My - mi

Your (singular) - you, your

His - his

Her - his

Its - su (of that)

Our - our

Your (plural) - his (also yours for the Spanish)

Their - their

English has a different way of specifying who owns something without using the possessive
adjective; for example ‘Pedro's car’, 'my sister’s dress ’, etc.

Let's look at the rules that apply to this use with some illustrative examples:

1. The general rule for forming the possessive of a noun is to add an apostrophe + ‘s’ at the end of
the noun, as follows:

My brother’s house is in Newark - My brother’s house is in Newark

John and Karen’s wedding - John and Karen’s wedding

Richard’s BMW is black - Richard’s BMW is black

Sally’s cat is lost - Sally’s cat is lost

The people’s opinion is important - The opinion of the people is important

2. If the noun ends in ‘s’ (for example if it is in the plural), only the apostrophe is added at the end
of the noun, as follows:

Thomas ’parents are very nice - Thomas’s parents are very kind

The glass ’shape is very pretty - The shape of the glass is very pretty

The babies ’toys are in the box - Babies toys are in the box

Carlos ’friends have no money - Carlos’s friends have no money

DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUN

As we have said above, in English only two demonstrative pronouns are known, this / these that
correspond to this, this, this / these, these and that / those corresponding to that, that, that /
those, those. In both Spanish and English, the demonstrative pronouns mark the temporal or local
distance between the announcer and the aforementioned thing. Spanish has one more pronoun /
demonstrative adjective, that which does not exist in English.

Summary

temporary or local proximity locally or temporarily distant

Singular this that

Plural these those

As far as the form is concerned there is no difference between the demonstrative pronoun and the
demonstrative adjective.

The demonstrative pronoun is a pronoun, that is, it substitutes something.

This phrase only makes sense if one knows what one is talking about, what it refers to.

The demonstrative adjective needs something, it is an attribute of a noun, but it does not replace
anything.

We have already talked about the differences between the possessive adjective and the
possessive pronoun. The same distinction must be made as regards the demonstrative adjectives
and the demonstrative pronouns.

Examples: demonstrative adjective

I bought this coat last winter. I bought this coat last year.

I like these children. He loves these children.

We don't want to watch that movie. We don't want to see that movie.

She has those gloves for ages. He has had these gloves for a long time.

They have visited me this morning. They visited me this morning.

As far as use is concerned, there is not much difference between English and Spanish. This
corresponds to this / this / these / these and that to that / that / those / those. That / that / those
/ those does not exist.