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ABSTRACT
Today the depletion of fossil fuel, global heating and emissions is become a serious problem in the world. India imports nearly 75% of its 4.3
million barrels per day crude oil. Due to this depletion and amount of emission has given way for the new technologies like Fuel cells
vehicles, Electric vehicles. The gap between the current fossil fuel technology and zero emission vehicles can be combined by hybrid
technology. During city driving conditions like frequent stop and go and long idling time has resulted into poor fuel economy and
higher harmful pollutant emissions from IC Engine powered vehicles. The current hybrid car emits less pollutant than the market
average. In hybrid electric vehicle the fuel consumption is decrease than pure ICE. HEV technology, more expensive than conventional
vehicles, is poised for entry into new markets and also complicated structure, heavier, skilled man power required for maintenance and lack
of awareness stop them to gain more consumers. In this petrol car is converted in to experimental hybrid electric vehicle and for a route the
fuel consumption and emissions are observed in city area.
INTRODUCTION
The internal combustion engine is one of the
greatest inventions of mankind. The conventional
vehicles with ICE provide a good performance
and long operating range. However they have
continue to cause serious problems for poor fuel
economy, environment pollution and human life.
While there are also alternate fuels like LPG,
CNG, biogas, bio diesel, ethanol, methanol,
hydrogen, electricity but use of them is becoming Fig. 1. Indian driving Cycle (4 wheeler)
widely and also not easily available at anywhere
. INTRODUCTION TO HYBRID VEHICLE
BARRIERS ON PRESENT AUTOMOBILE To take advantage of two or more reliable fuel
FUELS technology, Hybrid technology has been
emerged. In this technology the vehicle is
Rising Prices powered by two or more power sources. .Another
India is importing 90% of its petroleum demand. combination can is human power along with IC
The reserves of petroleum are mostly in gulf Engine power. Hybrid technology has proved
countries. Moreover, day by day the reserves very efficient and resulted in least pollutant
of petroleum are depleting and demand is emissions. Honda, Toyota has come with modes
increasing. The law is for higher demand and less of hybrid vehicles and is very successful in the
supply situation the prices of the petroleum is market. Today, hybrid technology is looked
ever increasing. as very promising and results attained are very
Impact on Aquatic Life by Oil Spill positive. Hybrid vehicles can be classified as
The use of petroleum not only impacts on human series, parallel and combined vehicles according
being and environment but it also effects on to the power train design. The Hybrid Electric
land, vegetation, water and living hood on land Vehicles (HEV) report is designed to guide
as well as water. Petroleum products spilled on decision makers and institutions in assessing the
land causes in fertility and damaged to the feasibility of hybrid technology in transport and
vegetation. The oil spilled in water creates fuel efficiency measures and to assist knowledge
breathing problem to the live being in to the and technology transfer.
water. The petroleum products are not easily de-
bio graded and bad impact last for longer.
Health risks associated with vehicle emission HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE
Toxic emission from fossil fuel combustion Series hybrid
particularly in vehicle is not only linked to In a series hybrid vehicle the IC Engine produces
climate change but also have significant impact power using gasoline and diesel engine as a fuel.
on air quality and health, resulting in increased The power produce from the engine is utilized
hospital admissions, respiratory illness and to the generator. The generator produces electric
premature deaths, especially in urban area. energy will be supplied to the electric motor
placed in the hub of each wheel or pair of front or
INTRODUCTION TO INDIAN DRIVING rear wheels. Excess power from the generator
CYCLE is stored in the battery.
The driving cycle of any country is the probable
plot of the vehicle speed right from the start of
the engine through its journey over a prescribed
time Driving cycle is an expensive transient test
procedure and reflects the average emission
performance per km drive, integrating the total
effects of the road infrastructure, traffic pattern
and driving culture.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I am highly indebted to Prof. Nityam Oza for his
guidance and constant supervision as well as for
providing necessary information I would like to
thank the teaching &non-teaching staff of
Department of Mechanical Engineering for
sharing their knowledge with me.
REFRENCES
BOOKS:
[1] Dr. S.S.Thipse, Alternative Fuels,Jaico
Publication,2010.
JOURNAL PAPERS:
Aishwarya Panday and hari om bansal,
(2014)“Hybrid electric vehicle performance
analysis under various temperature
conditions, Energy Procedia 75
Behnam ganji, Abbas Z Kouzani,
H.M.Trinh,(2010) “Drive cycle analysis of
the performance of HEV”, .” LNCS 6328
Sudhir Gupte(2013), Experimental Analysis
and Feasibility Study of 1400 CC Diesel
Engine Car Converted Into Hybrid Electric
Vehicle by Using BLDC Hub Motors,.
Energy Procedia 54
Charu rastogi,(2014) “Changing geo politics
of oil and impact on India.” Procedia - Social
and Behavioral Sciences 133
Ch.Ravi Sekhara, Pranoy Rajb, Purnima
Paridac, S.Gangopadhyayd, “Estimation of
delay and fuel loss during idling of vehicles
at signalised intersection in Ahmedabad ”
Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences
104
Tarun Kaushik and Nilay Panday,
“Development and use of parallel hybrid
electric vehicle model with suitable