ERROR ANALYSIS IN TRANSFORMING DIRECT INTO INDIRECT

SPEECH BY THE TENTH GRADE STUDENT OF SMAK ST.

YOSEPH DENPASAR IN ACADEMIC YEAR 2011/2012

THESIS

As Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the

Sarjana Pendidikan Degree in English Department
Faculty of Teacher Training and Education
Mahasaraswati Denpasar University

BY

MARIA YASINTA TUYE

NPM: 10.8.03.51.31.2.5.3970

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
THE FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MAHASARASWATI UNIVERSITY
DENPASAR
2012
 APPROVAL SHEET
1

This thesis entitled ”Error Analysis in Transforming Direct Into Indirect speech
by the Tenth Grade Student of SMAK St. Yoseph Denpasar in Academic Year
2011/2012”has Been Approved And Accepted As Partial Fulfillment For The
Sarjana Pendidikan Degree In English Department ,Faculty Of Teacher Training
And Education Mahasaraswati Denpasar University.

Advisor I Advisor II

Drs. I Made Wardhana M. Hum Nengah Dwi Handayani S. Pd M.Pd

NIP: 195412211984031001 NPK: 82.8410.311
 APPROVAL SHEET
2

This thesis has been examined by the committee on oral examination on

Wednesday, 21st February 2012

Chief Examiner

I. B. Nyoman Mantra, S,Pd,S.H,M.Pd

NIP. 0826406001

Examiner I Examiner II

Drs. I Made Wardhana M. Hum Nengah Dwi Handayani S. Pd M.Pd

NIP: 195412211984031001 NPK: 82.8410.311

Approved by

Dean Faculty of Teacher Head of the English Department

Training and Education

Drs. I Wayan Suandhi, M.Pd I. B. Nyoman Mantra, S,Pd,S.H,M.Pd

NIP. 19521231197821002 NIK. 0826406001

ii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First of all, I would like to express my deep gratitude to my Lord Jesus

Christ for his blessing that has been given to me, so my study entitled “Error
Analysis in Transforming Direct into Indirect Speech by the Tenth Grade Student
of SMAK St. Yoseph Denpasar” is finished.
Certainly in writing this last duty, many difficulties took place related to
my limited ability, however: the difficulties can be solved. That’s why I would
like to express my sincere thank to Drs. I Made Wardhana, M.Hum.As my first
supervisor, and Nengah Dwi Handayani, S.Pd. as my second supervisor for their
guidence, patience and advice, suggestions and solutions during the writing of this
paper.
My sincere gratitude is also dedicated to all my familly especially my
beloved parents, my sisters and brothers, my soul mate Yansen, my family and
those whose names can not be mention here, for their great supports morally and
materially since the beginning of my study, and their true love to me.
Finally, my thanks are due to all my friends who always support until this
last duty finished, especially Ana and Rini for being my great friend.

Denpasar, 21st February,2012

Researcher

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER..........................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................i

APPROVAL SHEET 2 ................................................................................

......................................................................................................................ii

APPROVAL SHEET 2.................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ..........................................................................

.....................................................................................................................iv

TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................

......................................................................................................................v

ABSSRTACT................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................iv

CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION..............................................................

1.1 Bbackground of Study............................................................

..............................................................................................1
1.2 Statement of Research Question.............................................

..............................................................................................3
1.3 Objectives of Study.................................................................

..............................................................................................3
1.4 Scope of Discussion................................................................

..............................................................................................4

iv
 1.5 Significance of Study..............................................................

..............................................................................................4
1.6 Definition of Key Terms ........................................................

..............................................................................................4
1.7 Theoritical Framework...........................................................

..............................................................................................6

CHAPTER II. REVIEW LITERATURE AND THEORY ......................

2.1 Preliminary.............................................................................

7
2.2 The Concept of Error and Mistakes .......................................

7
2.2.1 Errors ..........................................................................

...................................................................................7
2.2.2 Mistakes .....................................................................

...................................................................................8
2.3 Kinds of Error ........................................................................

9
2.4 Sources of Errors ...................................................................

9
2.5 Error analysis .........................................................................

11
2.6 The Use of Errors....................................................................

13
2.6.1 Theoritical Significance.................................................

............................................................................................13
2.6.2 Partical Significance ....................................................

............................................................................................13

v
2.7 Procedure of Error Analysis ...................................................

14
2.7.1 Identifying of Error Analysis.........................................

............................................................................................14
2.7.2 Describing the Arror .....................................................

............................................................................................14
2.7.3 Classyfing the Errors ....................................................

............................................................................................15
2.8 Tenses .....................................................................................

16
2.8.1 The Simple Present Tense .............................................

16

2.8.2 Simple Past Tense .........................................................

18

2.9 Direct Speech..........................................................................

19
2.9.1 Direct Speech................................................................

19
2.9.2 Indirect Speech.............................................................

20
2.10 The Roles of Transforming Direct into Indirect Speech.........

21
2.10.1 Statement (declarative) Sentence...............................

................................................................................22
2.10.2 Negative Sentence......................................................

................................................................................23
2.10.3 Interogative Sentence.................................................

................................................................................23

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CHAPTER III. METHODOLOGY ...........................................................

25

3.1 Research Design ....................................................................

............................................................................................25
3.2 Population and Sample ..........................................................

............................................................................................26
3.3 Research Instrument ..............................................................

............................................................................................28
3.4 Data Collection ......................................................................

............................................................................................28
3.5 Data Analysis .........................................................................

............................................................................................28

CHAPTER IV.ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION .......................................

.....................................................................................31

4.1 Finding the Most Types of Errors...........................................

31

4.1.1 Error in using tense.....................................................

32

4.1.2 Error in using punctuation..........................................

33

4.1.3 Error in change personal pronoun...............................

33

4.1.4 Error in using conjunction..........................................

33

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 4.1.5 Error in the change adverb..........................................

33

4.2 Discussion...............................................................................

35

4.2.1 Statement.....................................................................

35

4.2.2 Negative sentence.......................................................

36

4.2.3 Interrogative sentence.................................................

37

CHAPTER V.ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION ........................................

.....................................................................................40

5.1 Conclusion .............................................................................

40
5.2 Pedagogical Implications........................................................

41

BIBLIOGRAPHY

APPENDIX

viii
 ABSTRACT

Maria Yasinta Tuye, 2012. Error analysis in Transforming Direct into Indirect
Speech by the Tenth Grade Student of SMAK St. Yoseph Denpasar in
Academic Year 2011/2012. First Advisor: Drs. I Made Wardhana M. Hum
Second Advisor: Nengah Dwi Handayani S. Pd M.Pd
Key words: direct speech, indirect speech.

This writing entitled “Error Analysis in Transforming Direct into Indirect

Speech by the Tenth Grade Student of SMAK St. Yoseph Denpasar”. The purpose
of this writing is to discuss about the transforming sentence form of direct
speech into indirect speech of simple present tense into simple past tense
(affirmative sentence, negative sentence, yes/no question and WH question).This
study is error analysis. The finding showed there were many errors in use tense,
errors in the use punctuation, errors in the changing pronoun,errors in the use
conjunction, and errors in changing adverb. The finding of analysis showed that
the students made the total of 292 errors. All the errors could be seen from the
result of precentage as follows: error in transforming tense from direct speech into
indirect speech 58.90%, error in using punctuation 17.47%, error in the of change
the personal pronoun 6.85%, error in using conjunction 7.53% and error in using
adverb 9.25%. So the average errors of the students in changing direct into
indirect speech in transforming of simple present tense to simple past tense in
statement, negative, and interrogative error sentences is 20%.

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