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Tainter PDF
Tainter PDF
""AD ADr2LVOLUME
A0922 3 8 2 1
PREFACE
Accession For
NTIS GRA&I
DTIC TAB
Unannounced fl
Justification.
Distribution/-Q [
Availability Codes
Avail and/or &%ELECTE
Dist iSpo""NOV 28 1980
. Torque Coefficients
: .Valve in Pipe 331-2
SValve in End of Pipe 331-2/1
"," Sample Computation
"DiEscharge and Torque 331-3
Howell-Bunger Valves -Discharge Coefficients
'Four Vanes 332-1
. Six Vanes 332-1/1
Flap Gates - Head Loss Coefficients -Submerged Flow 34o-1
, Slope Coefficients
0 .0001 < S < 0.010 610-1
0.01 < S < 1.00 E/1 6OEG
Trapezoidal Channels -C k vs Base Width
.Side Slope 1 to 1 Base
Bse Width 0 toto200
Width 200 600Feet
Feet 610-2
610-2/
Base Width 0 to 50 Feet 610-2/-
Side Slope -i/2 to 1 - Base Width 0 to 200 Feet 610-2/2
Base Width 200 to 600 Feet 610-2/3
tBase
RetaguarSetin Width 0 to 50 Feet 610-2/3-
3"-
1-77
M m B PsRevised
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
VOLUME 2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chart go.,'
Revised 1-77
, €C
'CORPS OF ENGINEERS
VOLUME 2
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
Chart No.
SPECIAL PROBLEMS - 700
Riprap Protection
Trapezoidal Channel -. 60-Degree Bend
Boundary Shear Distribution
Ice Thrust on Hydrauiic Structures 703-1
Low.-Monolith Diversion - Discharge Coefficients 704
711
Stone Stability
Velocity vs Stone Diameter
712-1
.Storm-Drain Outlets - Energy Dissipaters
Stilling Well 722-1
Impact Basin 722-2
Stilling Basin 722-3
Storm-Drain Outlets - Riprap Energy Dissipaters
Scour Hole Geometry
TW > 0.5 Do and < 0.5 D
Horizontal Blanket --Lengtho of Stone Pr:.tection 722-4
722-5
Preformed Scour Hole Geometry 722-6
D50 Stone Size
722-7
Surge Tanks - Thin Plate Orifices - Head Losses
733-1
Sevised 1-77
-CORPSr.,OF ENGINEERS
,,V0LbE 2
TABLU OF CONTENTS (Continued)
Chart 'No.,'
Revised 1-77
HYDRAULIC DESIGN CRITERIA
310-1 to ?10-1/2
i~FA
TOP OF CLAPOTIS
EQUATGATS
D 0 ~ OH~Hr AUSO OH N OH
ASPALLWA
AR0NCAR 1-/
PAAMTE
THET30-/ OF
CLAPOTIS, FT
a - A BOTTOM PRESSURE
PARAMETER, FT OF WATER
D - DEPTH OF WATER (STILL
WATER LEVEL TO BOTTOM), FT
H - WAVE HEKWHT, FT
A -WAVE LENGTH,FT
CREST GATES
WNAVE PRESSURE
DESIGN ASSUMPTIONS
HYDRAULIC DE$IGN CHART 310 -I
80 1.8
COTH COSH-
:::60 - - .e i
:0
0u u
40 1.4
xx
TA16LE OF VALUES
D COSH2 COTH uD
0 1.000 00
0.1 1.204 1.796
0.2 1.898 1.177
0.3 3.366 1.047
0.4 6,205 1.013
0.5 11.574 1.004
0.6 21.659 1.001
0.7 4C.569 1.000
0.8 76.013 1.000
GIVEN:
Gated spillway as shown
Design wave length (A) - 125 ft
Design wave height (H) = 6 ft STILL WATER
Still.water depth (D) - 75 ft 4, '
REQUIRED: |L ., ,
COMPUTE:
1. Pressure distribution
0. 75 2rD
° 1255 = 0.6; coth - A,
-- -
AJ 1.001 (Chart 310-1/1)
3.14 x 62
ho . 125 x1.001- 0.9 ft.
D 2rrD
-=0.6; cash- -21.7 (Chart 310-1/1)
6
a =T-=0.3 ft.
2.7
Effective pressure D+a = 75.0 + 0.3 = 75.3 ft.
I : CREST GATES1
WAVC PRESSURE
SAMPLE COMPUTATION
HYDRAULIC DESIGN CHART 310 -1/2
*V U. S. ARMY ENANCR V*TCRWAYS Z[XPC[RIMtNTSrATION, VICK$VRC. MsszssSpHEET
,pRItAR0 W OF"
IN I l Nl N~ J ll lll
I n~ll
I nll I I N I ll ~ J SHEET Inor S
(c) D, pth ofgate overoppin
1.epth . 81.9 - (75.0 -21.0 + 26.0)- 1.9 ft.
TOP OF CLAPOTIS 0
TOP OF GATE .
BOTTOM OF GATE 2.
PRESSURE a
DISTRIBUTION0
BOTTOM OF 61.9
STRUCTURE 75.3 0
PRESSURE, FT OF WATER
-62.4 ( -2;5.) 80
CREST GATES
WAVE PRESSURE
SAMPLE COMPUTATION
of HYDRAULIC DESIGN CHART 310-1/2
PAEPAREO6Y U 3. ARMYENGIkSIS WA9*?ESAYSCXPCRIMT.4 STATION. VICK60URG. MIS3iSSIPPI tsEEG;0
HYDRAULIC DESIGN CRITERIA
DISCHARGE COEFFICIENTS
Q = CA -gH
where,
Q = discharge in cfs
C = discharge coefficient
2
A = area of orifice opening in ft
311-1 to 311-5
I
j curve used in the design of spillways. Chart 311-2 illustrates the nec-
essary computations to obtain the net gate opening and the angle 1 de-
scribed in paragraph 2, for tainter gates mounted on spillway crests
shaped to X 1 .8 5 = -2H 085Y. All factors are expressed in terms of the
odesign head (Hd) The method shown is applicable to other crest shapes.
However, the accompanying design aids, Charts 311-3 and 311-4, apply
only to standard crests.
. 311-1 to 311-5
Ito
105
100T
85
0
-4z- - - --
J 4-7-- -
70- - - - - -
50Z
75 OPNNSISHRECEFFCINT GATE
----
4 8:GAE WIDT
H~ ~
TO CETE GATE- OPNNZYRUI
---- OF---- DSG HR
- -~~~~~E
- -- - -- --- ----
(fl 0 0 a 0u
0,+
z ~
I.~~
'n* I -D I
a66
6 it
0 i
- q 661
+~ 4
,~
b0 n 0
Z
z- : I Iw
m +
WO oz dZ 6 8.
0-
W w F, ~
Uz ad 0L
al'-~
4 Ro
D ' Z7,n
L.
a-- -,J W.,
0n a 0
- w
~*- z
0- In
0 0
_
0d 0 0
~;h
gm~hi
z'
W~u
3 J
U ~,o'-
>__
_ _
_
- ~I
CHcc31-
1.0ii ii
-06 -. 02 0 02 04 060.8 1 12
0.2.59 -. 00 -. 5
IV~~~
1.7 -014 -I 5'
20d
-0.2
TANE<GTSO
x~ wi
IV
-T-
-0.0004 -0.00
-0.0007 - -000
-00040800
-00008
-0.0010 0.0010
-00008
-- 0003
-0004 0,004
-0.0052.0
-0.003 -0036
-0007 -000
-008--0
t -0.00 .-
-0 00 M-.r ____X
-025 Qc- 001
(-002- -009
-0.4 t -0.04_______
00020003 000 000 00' 002 003 05 07 00 02 03
-0.05 0.0
TAINTE GTES ON
-0 20 3-.20
-~ 000
0000
000
0000
000 000
LaJ
(/)I
2 000N 000 a
- - H
I- 'w Iq-0~f
z It
CLC
0n 0 )o 0 0-
0i a
4 0.I~J
0~O
~ Cu<
'y 0
u(A
W (
0J 0 9 I i
< -i
0 1) w N
o I(Mc s o I
U'- U qoo w >-. N.
w *w
0 (n U,> 0 0E~
zL-iI C
Z 0 Al dq
W 00
0 0 q~2
:- CuII
0 0 0 0 0
U. N
0e W
U U U 1 0 0 N
U w' -?9C
(1D z -U 0-
0
-j -J
-11 V3
1
CREST PRESSURES
5. The data presented in charts 311-6 and 311-6/1 show that crest
pressures resulting from normal design and operation practices are not con-
trolling design fato6rs. For partial gate openings the expected minimum
crest pressures may range from about -O.lHd for pools at design head to
about -0.2H d for heads approximating 1.3H. Gated spillways are presently
being built with 50-ft design heads; so for an underdesigned crest, the
minimum pressure to be expected with gate control would be about -10 ft of
water. This pressure would increase to -5 ft if design head was the maxi-
mum operating head. Pressures of these magnitudes should be free of cavi-
tation. Periodic surges upstream of partially open tainter gates have been
observed for certain combinations of head and gate width. Criteria for
7. References.
0 0
0
>-
o0
o a
00 -- CL L
W0
Iv SIXY
0q
OD 0 0 0
0n 00 00 0
o
'6 '00 0
00
o nn
0 0 0 003
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0_ ~0*4S~
0-
000 0o-o
ox x II II ow1,0
1.0. 0 w
0 Ow-~
00
D L D
0 0
In 2n lEIIz I
0 0 0 0
0 0n
00
I0 0 00
-~~0 0 - 0 00
~ OS3H NISS80
Gd 3H NIS30
CHART 311-6
- 0 U)
~0 0 0o
o - C
o1 0 0 W ..- 1
ii 'a ov o 'D 0 c~J
0111 4J 4 2
1 0 0
00
(D
U .~
- - 4
CN 0 40 v N C) N .*J
- - 0 0 0 0 0-
-0 0
w w - ,NN (
A .8 .8 - -0
0 0 0 1
NI 0 0
oo
N O ? 001 J~
N f 01 011
0 Lil
In 0
0 0 D It I
0 0 0 0
00
7 'a
0 00
0~ 0
0 0 0 0 0 i0SXV±~
N CHART 31101
HYDRAULIC DESIGN CRITERIA
SHEET 312
VERTICAL LIFT GATES ON SPILLWAYS
DISCHARGE COEFFICIENTS
Cd / (2)
Q d 3 2 ! /
4. Analysis. The analysis of data taken from references 3 through1
H 312
Revised 1-68
as unity. Data from studies 6 ,7 with the gate seat located appreciably down-
stream from the crest showed good correlation with data for on-crest gate
seat locations.
6. References.
312
Revised 1-68
1.0
0.9 . .
o.C, -
0.8" 0
0,7
0.4 !
-4 0._
I
,o + FLAMING GORGE
S% ALCON
O GORGE HIGH
0
0 MAHONNG:
MAHONING: UPSTREAM GATE
DOWNSTREAM LOCATION
GATE LOCATION
0 BLUESTONE
ATE LIP EL
S H, H,=H,-G O
CREST EL G^
SHEET 320-1
CONTROL GATES
DISCHARGE COEFFICIENTS
Q = C GO B
320-1
4. Values from the suggested design curve are tabulated below
for the convenience of the designer.
10 0.73
20 0.73
30 0.74
4o 0.74
50 0.75
6o 0.77
70 0.78
80 0.80
320-1
tt
70- - -RA-IVR
-LE -LV ENRG
u~~~E - -- -- --
HYDRAULIC DESIGN CRITERIA
320-2 to 320-2/3
Revised 10-61 {
vertically upward. The experimental data on upthrust are of value in
checking the design for such a possibility. However, discharge coeffi-
cients for the upstream and downstream gaps must be assumed to determine
whether a gate opening exists that could cause a practically dry well.
9. Pressure per unit area on top of the gate can be determined from
HDC 320-2/2. The Fort Randall Dam data shown in the chart are based on
field and model measurements of gate-well water-surface elevations. The
Pine Flat and Norfork Dam data result from field measurements of bonnet
pressures at these structures. Details of clearances between the gates
be used in computation of the downthrust should include the area of the
gate within the gate slots, the area between the conduit walls and the
area of the gate top seal.
(2) _, Slide Gate Tests, Norfork Dam, North Fork River, Arkansas.
Technical Memorandum No. 2-389, Vicksburg, Miss., July 1954.
320-2 320-2/3
to 10-61
Revised
Gates, Fort Randall Dam, Missouri ver South Dakota. Technical
Report No. 2-435, Vicksburg, Miss,, June 1956. '
(2
320-2 to 320-2/3
Revised 10-61
P
BASIC EQUATION
it
P = hydraulic and gravity forces In tons
W= dry weight of gate in tons
A= cross.sectional area of gate in sq ft
w df= average downthrust per unit of area on
top of gate in feet of water
uf = average upthrust per unit of area on
sloping bottom of gate in feet of water
y= specific weight of water, 0.0312 ton
per cu ft
uf = UPTHRUST PER
UNIT OF AREA
DOWNPULL
F.-
zw
0
U P./NE FLAT, PROTOTYPE
z
w
H-Z-,?07I
20MODEL-O
NOFRK
45 ~EoR
NORFORK TYPE B N
FORT
Iw , 2
I:
.*34 HYDRAULIC DESIGN~ CHART 320-2/1
T
100\~J s. - ~ -
A~
KA
go
.so
z
50
a.
w 0,
-- - -vMo
OR RADL
c (a R p
0.F 06 . 11 . r05 9
30 . 0 293
(9))MODEL
PINE14 FLA
3NROK0VRIALF AE
JOB CW 804 PROJECT John Doe Dam SUBJECT Vertical Lift Gates
COMPUTATION Hydraulic and Gravity Forces
COMPUTED BY MBB DATE 4/10/61 CHECKED BY CWD DATE 4/20/61
GIVEN:
Gate - Pine Flat type (HDC 320-2/1)
Height (D) = 9.0
Width (B) - 5.0
Average thickness (T) = 1.2 ft
Upstream gate clearance = 0.4 in.
Downstream gate clearance - 1.5 in.
i
Y! Dry weight (W)- 8 tons
Gate opening (G.) 3.0 ft
Discharge (Q)A 1200 cfs H, H
DETERMINE:
1. Energy head above conduit invert (H)
Gate opening (Go) percent
,x 100 =-x 100 = 33.3
WiII ! 1 ISiiN1 i
HYDRAULIC DESIGN CRITERIA
SHEET 320-3
DISCHARGE COEFFICIENTS
Q=C G B 42gH
1> 320-3
Revised 10-61
A
TOP OF
CONDUIT
ID
0-
BASICTIO
EQUATIO
- ON§IE
z ARSO OE
H. :ERYGRD EE
0 (NETEE Co
TA0E4GTSI CNUT
DICARECOFICET
MYRUICDSGNCATl2-
02 o. WE "G
HYDRAULIC DESIGN CRITERIA
DISCHARGE COEFFICIENTS
Q = CIC2 Go B f~g
The coefficient (C,) depends on the vena contracta, the shape of which is a
function of the gate opening (GO), gate radius (R), trunnion height (a),
and upstream depth (h) for gate sills at streambed elevations. When the
gate sill is above streambed elevation, the coefficient also depends upon
sill height (P) and sill length (L).
320-4 to 320-Y
5. Hydraulic Design Chart 320-7 is a sample computation sheet
6. References.
(1) Gentilini, B., "Flow under inclined or radial sluice gates - technical
and experimental results." La Houille Blanche, vol 2 (1947), p 145.
WES Translation No. 51-9 by Jan C. Van Tienhoven, November 1951.
(2) Metzler, D. E., A Model Study of Tainter Gate Operation. State Univer-
sity of Iowa Master's Thesis, August 1948.
(3) Toch, A., The Effect of a Lip Angle Upon Flow Under a Tainter Gate.
State University of Iowa Master's Thesis, February 1952.
3 o
320-1+ to 320-7(
z
:U
1.08 c LEGEND
at - -INTERPOLATED*
- - - - -
1.0 - ERAGE POIT - -
2 4 6 8 10
L/P - - - - - - -
jO7----------------------------------------
4.6
00
60 0. 0
01
00.40
00 04 02 0. 0. to 2 1
h0.3
BASIC~ -QATO
h/ =/.R
EESGNATITON0- HYDSICI
0s
DATA
2 4 8 a 10
LIP
0.7j
'00
00l . . 0..408
1.20
0.6C ~G
4'o
'0 &/R50.
C.A.T.320-.
...........
DESIG
_________________'A_
DAICEINITION SKETC
a C, a GO VWES
z
112
II
1o: D P L
1. 8 Z
-A -- -0o--- -
TOCHDA,'A
INTERPOLATED"
w I04 '
( - -- ' WTOCH, METZLER, AND GENTILINI
DATA
. X AVERAGE POINTS - - - - -
2 4 a 8 10
L/P
- -- - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - 6,1R-0.05-
~~08 ,
U
t-
S0 0/0
I..z
07 - 2 0 ,
00
,0 8
OZ /
--- -- -.o--
.=0-
- , -- -- - -.-.-----
00 02 04 06 08 10 12 14
ABASIC EQUATIONh/
S=C1 C2 Go B 2V ......
...... .... WE-$"
T TAINTER GATE IN OPEN CHANNELS
,, DISCHARGE COEFFICIENTS
- a FREE FLOW
. &/R=O0.9
__________________ HYDRAULIC DESIGN CHART 320-6
"- DEFINITION SKETCH
iil~~lli,
I~fll ll{ll~l
vI
.lllltVV
l.T ltil{..,lll~l ~lll.{l CS 8-CO
U. S. ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION
COMPUTATION SHEET
JOB CW 804 PROJECT John Doe River SUBJECT Tainter Gate in Open Channels
COMPUTATION Free Discharge for Gate Rating
COMPUTED BY MBB DATE 5/9/60 CHECKED BY RGC DATE 5/17/60
GIVEN:
Tainter gate installation as shown
Upstream depth (h) =15 ft
Gate opening (G.) =4 ft
Gate radius (R) - 25 ft
Trunnion height (a) = 20 ft a
Bay width (B) -- 60 ft h ..
REQUIRED: =
Free discharge for gate rating C1 C2Go BV'9
COMPUTE:
1. Parameters
a/R - 0.8, h/R - 0.6, G./R = 0.16, L/P - 4
- 0.645
4. Discharge
Q-C1 C2 Go B 2/-2j
- 0.678 (4) (60) V64.4 x 15
= 5050 cfs
DISCHARGE COEFFICIENTS
SUBMERGED FLOW
* where
Q = discharge, cfs
L = bay width, ft
0 CLG 0 G07g
Q = C LG
=
[wee__Q Cs~hs 2gh (3)
C = C(Go/h s)
G = gate opening
5. References.
(5) , Spillway, Hannibal Locks and Dam, Ohio River, Ohio and
West Virginia; Hydraulic Model Investigation. Technical Report
No. 2-731, Vicksburg, Miss., June 1966.
8 . O=3"o
75FTREF 6 (PROTOTYPE)*
20 -
* 5
-=/
1LT, REF3 (MDL MODEL)
;*I 7- -
I-=IB FT, REF 5WLNO\EL)
G, I I I : Kl-
-
....
"" 2M
T,?E- oDE)-
E - -
0L 3i
5
4.
II
BASIC EQUATION
=C sLhs /' WMISSISS:PPI RIVER DAMS 2,5A,AND 26
V2
FLOW - -°
TAINTER GATES IN
DEFINITION SKETCH OPEN CHANNELS
DISCHARGE COEFFICIE'T
SUBMERGED FLOW
HYDRAULIC DESIGN CHART 320-8
p*Cp.Ev,~$AflN;ICC8*UMAfl~pE~,*S~A
O*C~IS~GSV$*~IWES 1-68
ISO-
f LEGEND
I
SYMBOL
GATE OPENING1
(TROOYE
0 2
-- A 4
10O 6
\_ \ _ _ _ _ -8 a__
a 10
8.0 - v 42
4.04
G 0 0
15L -- 0.-8491
0.15 02 03 04 067
0.0 08 01
Q=CLh. /r2iS
GATE VALVES
DISCHARGE CHARACTERISTICS
5. List of References.
3 d
l m • w wAwf 1* ,t.A• ,m lm
800.0 O
600.0
4000
2000
1000
oo 0 4-IN
Goo___ v 16-IN
- VALVE OPENING
0
80
~0
> 40 "I -
20
-N
I"-
• • 4 -IN
10 VALVE OPENING
08
UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN
0
04 , '__1_ ,______
0 0 20 S0 40 50 to 70 80 90 100
VALVE OPENING IN PER CENT
HL
BASIC EQUATION 2
Kv= V /2q
WHERE
Kv VALVE LOSS COEFFICIENT GATE VALVES
HL - HEAD LOSS THROUGH VALVE
V AVERAGE VELOCITY IN PIPE LOSS COEFFICIENTS
NOTE
HDALCD3G HR 3-
DATA ARE FOR VALVES HAVING SAME DIAMETER AS HYDRAULIC DESIGN CHART 330-I
PIPE AND FOR DOWNSTREAM PIPE FLOWING FULL
WEE 8- 57
1.2.
4C - ----------------------------------------
I-*
I'J
02 ---. -~
0 20 40Go010
VALVE OPENING IN PER CENT
WHERE
C :VALVE DISCHARGE COEFFICIENT
A .AREA BASED ON NOMINAL VALVE DIAMETER
H*'ENERGY HEAD MEASURED TO CENTER LNE OF
CONDUIT IMMEDIATELY UPSTREAM FROM VALVE
NOTE.
DATA ARE FROM USBR TESTS FOR FREE FLOW
FROM 8-TO 12-INCH-DIAMETER GATE VALVESGA EV L S
AT DOWNCTREAM END OF CONDUIT OF SAMEGA EV L S
NOMINAL DIAMETER AS VALVEFRE
LO
DISCHARGE COEFFICIENTS
HYDRAULIC DESIGN CHART 330-I/I
WES 6-57
HYDRAULIC DESIGN CRITERIA
331-1 to 331-3
4. Application. A sample computation for torque is given in Chart
331-3. Final computations should be based on the recommendations of the
valve manufacturer at which time friction torque and seating torque data
should be considered.
5. List of References.
(3) DeWitt, C., "Operating a 2h-in. butterfly valve under a head of 223
ft." Engineering News-Record (18 September 1930), pp 460-462.
(4) Dickey, P. S., and Coplen, H. L., "A study of damper characteristics."
Transactions, ASME, vol 64, No. 2 (February 1942).
(6) Keller, C., and Salfemann, F., "Aerodynamic model tests on butterfly
valves." Escher-Wyss News, vol IX, No. 1 (January-March 1936).
(7) McPherson, M. B., Strausser, H. S., and Williams, J. C., Jr., "Butter- (
fly valve flow characteristics." Proceedings, ASCE, paper 1167, vol
83, No. HYl (February 1957).
331-1 to 331-3
28-
4dH
2.6 H H
VI-. AI V 2
-. 0
2.4 MCPHERSON
AH = HI-H2
DEFINITION SKETCH
GADEN
20 +--. -------
w 1.4
0
12 LEGEND
0:- -: - 0 McPHERSON-4"
0 McPHERSON- 6"
1.0__-_ Y' McPHERSON-4" WITH DIFFUSOR
1.0 0 COLLEVILLE
- GADEN DISK A
-\ - - --.-- GADEN DISK B
DICKEY &COPLEN DISK I (AIR)
0- - ARMANET (CONVERGING)
0 4 o a.
02 --
O0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
BASIC EQUATION
2
Q - C o o1)V(-eV
WHERE. BUTTERFLY VALVES
Q -DISCHARGE IN CFS
Co - DISCHARGE COEFFICIENT DISCHARGE COEFFICIENTS
D -VALVE DIAMETER IN FT VALVE IN PIPE
2
9 GRAVITY CONSTANT"32 2 FT/SEC
AH -PRESSURE DROP ACROSS THE HYDRAULIC DESIGN CHART 331-1
VALVE IN FT OF WATER
w£$ 6o-56
1.4--
1.3
. MCPHERSON
2
A H -H I+V 1 /2 9
DEFINITION SKETCH
10 GADEN
0.9 !ARMANET
U .6
oLEGEND
-5 - -' G..XOEINCkE' -
0W
FLO 0 MCPHERSON- A"
FREI '' + DEWITT
GADEND
04 OADEN DiSK 8
0 4 ARMANET (CONVERGING)
SUMERED FLOW
0 Mc PHERSON-4"
oCa -ICA
COEFFICIENT
00
1 - AE DS
o o0 0 3 40 50 60 70 80 90
OPEN VALVE OPENING IN DEGREES NEN) CLOSED
BASIC EQUATION
o. CQD 2 V'&
WHERE BUTTERFLY VALVES
O -DISCHARGE IN CFS DSHRECEFCET
C0 *DSRECO EFICEN DISCHARGE COEFFICIENTS
O *VALVE DIAMETER IN 'T VALVE IN END OF PIPE
2
9 -GRAVITY CONSTANT-322FT/SEC
&H TOTAL ENERGY HEAD IN FT OF WATER HYDRAULIC DESIGN CHART 331- I/I
UPSTREAM OF VALVE
WES 8-58
0.70 - - -
" 0.65 I Hj H2
i ii--- V --
- - 4-- - &Pz(HI-H 2 )V
0.5 - - "=SPECIFIC WEIGHT OF FLUID
DEFINITION SKETCH
; 050
b 0.45
GADEN
0\35K ARMANET
0 ELLER S SALZMAtNI
---.- -I VALVE SHAPES
w 0- OAR TESTS)
', ~~~ARMANET
'O. VR/G
" ~0.
I015'
0.1-0
0.05 --
0 '0 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
OPEN VALVE OPENING IN DEGREE3 (0) CLOSED
BASIC EQUATION
/
W THCTDP BUTTERFLY VALVES
WHERE'
"\b
4. 0.14
II
0.12 V D
'4 - - -- AP-(H,+V,2/2 9 )-
S011 --- -- ^Vs SPECIFIC WEIGHT OF FLUID
0.
DEFINITION SKETCH
0.10 - - - - -
0.09-- - --
- GADEN
0.08
Z ARMANET
9a VALVE SHAPES
007 DEWITT-COMPUED
o ('SHAPE UNKNOWN)
00 6\GADEN-DISKA
I_ //
003- / ---- - --
0.02---------------~ -
03c------------------. - --
- -
--
4) ~~~~~~~001----------------.
0.00
-
0 0 0 20 30 40 50 60 70 60 90
OPEN VALVE OPENING IN DEGREES (c) CLOSED
BASIC EQUATION
T'CrD 3 P BUTTERFLY VALVES
WHERE:
T - TORQUEINFT-LB TORQUE COEFFICIENTS
C- -TORQUE COEFFICIENT VALVE IN END OF PIPE
D =VALVE DIAMETER IN FT
AP - TOTAL ENERGY HEAD AT UPSTREAM HYDRAULIC DESIGN CHART 331-2/I
SIDE OF VALVE IN LB/SQ FT
WES 4-54
%,Z
U. S. ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION
COMPUTATION SHEET
GIVEN:
L ASSUME:
COMPUTE:
3. Hydraul ic torque (T) for Q- 600 cfs and ax- 360. From
Chart 331.2, torque coefficient (CT) for Gaden.Disk A
valve open 360 - 0.10.
T - CT D3 A P (Chart 331.2)
Where A P. (H 1 -H)yAHy
T -0.10 x64 x 180 x62.5 -72,000 ft-lb
Repeat comnputations for other assumed discharges to determine discharge and hydraulic torque curves.
BUTTERFLY VALVES
SAMPLE COMPUTATION
DISCHARGE AND TORQUE
HYDRAULIC DESIGN CHART 331-3
WE3
s-56
HYDRAULIC DESIGN CRITERIA
HOWELL-BUNGER VALVES
DISCHARGE COEFFICIENTS
332-1 to 1/1
SUG"E CRE 7
-- - - - -
0. - - -- ---
-- - - -- - - -
I I
LEEN
uus
0
U
I A
SLEEVE TRAVEL
DIAMETER
BASIC EQUATION
Q=CA2gHe HOWELL -BUNGER VALVES
WHERE
C =DISCHARGE COEFFICIENT DISCHARGE COEFFICIENTS
A=AREA OF CONDUIT IMMEDIATELY UPSTREAM FOUR VANES
FROM VALVE IN SQ FT
tz
DO-
SLEV TRAVNL
QHeTOLYPBE WATA2GA ,D :0
VALVES
1!j
A
SHEET 340-1
FLAP GATES
HEAD LOSS COEFFICIENTS
I
1. Flap gate head losses can be determined by the equation:
V2
L 2g
where
44
340-1
-J
4.00
0.60
zA
IIII-
0.40
, 4~~002l I
w
0
- , I I I
0- -. LEGEND
0 18-IN. GATE
- ~ -A 24- N GATE
-0 0 3O-IN. GATE
- - - - DATA ARE FROM "HYDRAULIC TESTS OF
CALCO AUTOMATIC DRAINAGE GATES"
004 HOEA LOS FT - , -- BYFFA NAGLER,ThE TRA TI,STATE
UNIVERSITY OF IOWA,VOL 27,FEB 1923.
D=CNDI DIMTEF
I
EQUATIONS
2
K H = V
. ... S a- 0
HYDRAULIC DESIGN CRITERIA
SHEET 534-1
LOCK CULVERTS
LOSS COEFFICIENTS
1. The head loss across a lock culvert valve can be determined from
the equation:
HL = K V2/2g
where
3. Data Sources.
(2) St. Anthony Falls Lower Lock Models l and 7. Unpublished data com-
puted by U. S. Army Engineer District, St. Paul, Minnesota, under
CW 820, December 1953.
(3) McNary Lock Model, Test 1, Run 1-C. Unpublished data computed by
U. S. Army Engineer District, St. Paul, Minnesota, under CW 820,
December 1953.
1 534-1
(5) McNary Lock Prototype, Run 9. Unpublished data computed by U. S. Army
Engineer1957
tests.rays Experiment Station, Vicksburg, Miss., from November
i
4I
I{
534-1
60C - PRLESSURE
400___R
HlL
300RAO
0 7= DEFINITION SKETCH
0C - -
40 - -
C4
0.3
A o~oi---l -
0.2 00 .400 . . . 0 . . .
WHER LOCKCULNRT
INSBCH FTEOFWATE
MOE 7,FLINIAV
HYDRAULIC DESIGN CRITERIA
LOCK CULVERTS
RECTANGULAR SECTION
29
where
C = pressure-drop parameter
C (2)
6. References.
(2) Silberman, E., The Nature of Flow in an Elbow. Project Report No. 5,
St. Anthony Falls Hydraulic Laboratory, University of Minnesota,
Minneapolis, prepared for David Taylor Model Basin, December 1947.
(4) Addison, H., "The use of bends as flow meters." Engineering, vol 145
(4 March 1938), pp 227-229 (25 March 1938), p 324.
(6) Wattendorf, F. L., "A study of the effects of curvature on fully de-
veloped turbulent flow." Proceedings, Royal Society of London,
Series A, vol 148 (February 1935), PP 565-598.
I SECTION A-A
-
LOCATION OF MINIMUMSETO
- -PIEZOMETRIC
- NEAD
!C
'I vi
PLAN
ENCRG_.Gy
GRA6.NT
CRSSpo4-,
- -...- I
SLEGEND
I- - -
0--
D0 -- 2 6 2~ ,o1 ,2
2gp
R/C
EQUATIONS
29
WHERE'
N -PEZOMETRC HEAD FROMFTPRESSURE LOCK CULVERTS
GRADIENT EXTENSION,
U
',V * AVERAGE VELOCITY, FT PER SEC
FT
PRESN
PIEZOMETRIC HEAD, 2
RECTANGULAR RE
SECTION
Hg1 -= MINIMUM
ACCELERATIONGRAVITATIONAL, FT PER SEC MI MU BE D P S UR
Temperature = 50 F I
Average conduit pressure measured from " F
pressure gradient extension (H) = 10 ft
REQUIRED:
HI = minimum pressure (in ft) inside of bend. PRESSURE PROFILE
=
HI min minimum permissible bend pressure (ft).
HmIn = minimum permissible average conduit pressure (in ft) to prevent cavitation (V= 20 fps).
Vmax = maximum permissible average conduit velocity (in fps) to prevent cavitation (H = 10 ft).
COMPUTE:
1. R/c z 10/5= 2 5. Minimum permissible average conduit pressure
=
2. CI 2.30 for R/c = 2 (Chart 534-2) head (Hm in) to prevent cavitation (V = 20 fps).
3.£ Minimum bend pressure (H,) Hmin - HI min
=C
H- HI V2/2g
V2 /2g P H.j, - (-17.8)
________ - 2.30
202/64.4
10 - Hi = 2.30
,02/64.4 2.30 Hmin = 2.3 (400/64.4) - 17.8 = 14.3 - 17.8 = -3.5 ft
TRAPEZOIDAL CHANNELS
1. Hydraulic Design Charts 610-i to 610-7 are design aids for reduc-
ing the computation effort in the design of trapezoidal channels having
various side slopes from 1 to 1 to 3 to 1 with uniform subcritical or
supercritical flow. It is expected that the charts will be of value in
preliminary design work where different channel sizes, roughness values,
and slopes are to be investigated. Certain features of the charts were
based on graphs prepared by the Los Angeles District, CE. Charts 610-1 to
610-7 can be used to interpolate values for intermediate side slopes.
2. Basic Equations. Manning's formula for open channel flow,
pj
1
1.486 A S 2 R2/3
n
C = 1.486 SI/2
n n
Ck = AR2/3
Chart 610-1 and -1/1 show values of the factor, C , for slopes of 0.0001
to 1.0 and n values of 0.010 to 0.035. Charts 910-2 to -4/1-1 show
values of the geometric factor, Ck , for base widths of 0 to 600 ft and
depths of 2 to 30 ft. Chart3 610-5 to -7 show values of critical depth
divided by the base width for discharges of 1,000 to 200,000 cfs and base
widths of 4 to 600 ft.
610-i to 610-7
Revised 5-59
c. With the required Ck value, suitable channel dimensions
can be selected from charts 610-2 to -4/1-1.
61o-1 to 610-7
Revised 5-59
00020 ..........
o00010
0000 1 1tl I f II
0000
48S - - L
-n -
0.0006S 001
U.U
....
.... ....
100
080 .... . .0.0 0
0.60 ...
020 V
I AU~
FClIti OF 1
FO(M L
cr.1480S
n .. ..
0.0.0S < .0
H0R04CDSGNCAT 1-/
002C ~4 E$2I
6 -6
1 ------ ---
0 20
40 60 80 1 10 1 14 10 0 20
- -EET bL BA- WI- IN
25 I ID
I SLP TOI
20RUI EIG HR 1-
~ ~ -2---
- -- ~ ~ E 4
20 -1
VqA-Im -Im
"'so
200 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0
BAEWDH NPE
n / +A
WH0
A~AREA
R100ALI ADU
I SID LP TO
wo!U -----
.9.14
IK
I I5 IDTTH INIFT I
-WHE---RE ---
REA -AA --- ----- -- ------
R~~~~~~~
RA-STAEOIDLCANLHYDRAULIC-
.99
1v5 -------- -
I T'
44
-- - - - - - - - -----
-- - - - - - -
z 0---- -- 2
< --------
0 ---
20- -- 0- 0- 80 --- -0 00
-- -4 6 0
--
-- A-- WITHI-FE
oL -+
SID SL35I T
HYRUIuIS~~C4R 1-/
---- - -------- ---
A"
7111 20W t 'l
[ilIIII I iii I
I I
IT
I ~ ~
-- -- ~
-T--- b B S WIT I--
SID
SLOPE
BASE WIDT III.TO
0-TO-50-FEE ..
~ k--bHYDRALIC DSIGN-CART-6-----
55
IA WIT IT FEETI
A REA 1
C_-Ar
+ --- -
IIT
7YRUI DEIG
o1-/ CHART--
- - -- - - - - W- -4
137
2~12
o # 4 t ~ I T I
rT 4
it If 4 4
Hil
00
-I-19
z 1.
+
Dt
0I
2
C~AR A
WHERETRAPZOIDL CHNNEL
AREAif
~J
ITI
R~~HYDRAULIC
RAISCiVtAS IT
SID SLOP 2 O
, BASE ITH0T50FE
4--6 --
HDA ICDSG CHR
F2
60-/-
-Tl T
t~tjt -
+ 4-
:T5
2C 11 I: { +~iI
Tr
C ~ E ___----____
0 ~ ~40 ~60 ~ 8+0 20
_0
~ J 2
--
0 10 8 0
BASE
WIDT INFL
C,=AR1-/4
WHERE -
b -'
- - I '
4,><,cDSG HR i~/
t44- -,F
~200
I n -4v
4
t t t -r
t T
4- ---- --
(41
00
120
0C +Ar +I~
; ~ i;:~
.5f
200 300
25 30 00450 100 550 60
BA4WDH NFE
CI1A00/
WHERE
A AREA
R HYDAULICRADIU
J
uj7 _
TRPZIALCANL
.K VS BAEWIT
SIESLP 2TT
t-i RALI + E~NCA -/
t ~ S9~
44
13
12
WHER TRPZODLlCANL
<- ------- SD L P * T
~7T-
Y. 7 DALCDSGNCAT603
uE 2-5
KT
T 4.
40- i
All
20 b 0 10 10 10 t010 8 0
1E BAS WIDT IH
It -2i_'
~~--0- SIDE SL PE2 .
HYR1LCDSG HR I-/
.iS -
iiv
200
4 4 Hf
fli -t -
"I
II:
200~
30 ~~ 35t0 5 0 ~~
515 0
BASE
N IDTH AEE
11
C~=AR 2/
WHERE i 1
A 4AE
R~~~~ HYRUItRDU
/7
-7-- TRAPEZ'oIDLCANL
TK VS ASWDT
x t,
10 ,
WE 95
AV J
4__4
ii- fT
_____
3L
-- I--f 14 +1
- - -~
TIM-~ ~
I- z-- 'ii~
v k4Ji"tJ
21 Wl
t:;
Hf ~ -1,4
4-Ir
5 5
I
o~j 5i 0 S 2 210344
44 SID SLP TO
4 4
t YRU EIN HR 1-/-
- - WES S-S
70 4 ;t27
4 4-
50
0~ -.
20
44
It
zT
j-~
200 5) 30 35 400 450 00 50 60
BASE
IDTH N FE T
CKA
2/3 +t
WHERE
SIDE SLOP 3t I f
I-t
'44
41 .1
t'
CT
AX ARE
0 H-RA
------- -C-ESG-
CAR---4/
I1
Ji - - - - - -- - -
I-:z
1000R~ I 00 F
BASI FORMULA:
0303
3/2 0bZ~ 0
0 lo
oEIG
OrA~ HYRALI
Au 610
Ii o-5
010 +___W
3000
E
1000.1 eqo
o' 2 II o I 11. 1 1 1 1 11 - 1. e
lilf
0 500e
o
SM -1,
lo it ,r ooo
0 1
o e
o4
o' o
owk o'o '0' f lo
03004 I,-
- - - I I .+ 1- to
I - oo I to0
o'
o.
0 to 50-
o
o' o
oo- ol 601 lite
ooo I lo
o.ooo o 10 oo
o 100
dI
Oil
< Ul
Id 00
p <
RE de - o
.* 'Ile to
oo, ol, "IX o -
led 0030 do- o'ir -oo I
o 00
00
IX T K' .0 o o 00 oo 01 +
BASIC FORMULA:
3/, ( b ZDc )3
Q DC b 2ZDc
TRAPEZOIDAL CHANNELS
f CRITICAL DEPTH CURVES
z 0
SIDE SLOPE I-LTO
2 I
b
HYDRAULIC DES:rN CHART 010-5/1
43 ES 9-54
_j
AA-
11 '
1000
i
000 2 02 0 000 0
DICHRE3N0000F
'-4
dd
o --- b
'1., 0YDR UL0 01 SIN C ARo1-
<E 25
oo 7
44
DIC1RE00000 F
BASICORMULA
030 T -H Tt RTCLDPHCRE
Z%7v
4 V.- - SID SLPE 2TOt
HYRUIoEIN HR 1-/
o41 I$
j
.~; t
1.00 d4A
050'
03 e: m11
Ip U
4o'
'.o4
4.;o
00CHR10N 00 F
BASI FORMULA:
(b* .4)
oeL bo2Zf ll IL I-'m11
5/3
q - cyo
where
1 2
1.486 S ,#
n
610-8 to 610-9/1-1
Revised 5/59
b. Three-dimensional flow. For all channels, Charts 610-9
through 610-9/1-1 can be used in the manner described in
paragraphs 3a, b, and c, Sheets 610-1 to 610-7. Critical
depth can be obtained from Chart 610-8.
2 1.38
5 1-17
10 1.07
15 1.05
25 1.03
where
b = channel width in ft
d 2 = two-dimensional flow depth in ft
d 3 = three-dimensional flow depth in ft.
610-8 to 610-9/1-i
Revised 5/59
- ~ F-
0 LI F- OD
[ 0n
00 00
0i--o
00D
F)
0
0)
0 0 0
U_j
J
o
(,r
HAP~~~CHR
Tit10-8 -0 c
55
0P
- - - -- - - - - - -- - - -
0
I
030 4 0 8 0 2 4 S S 0
U. * A11M LT I E
BA0 QUTO
2
25 A ~
WHERE
A RE 0
> ~ HDALCRDU
20_ T P CANLFLOW
BSE4WIDT
CK VS
0 ~~~ 0 80 ~
to 10S W2TH
40 O010 TO20 FT 0
RYRUI DHYDIULNCHARTIUS-
WES 3-56
-~ - ~ - '
zL
185d
44
0
-- - - - - -
120
Ld
20<5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0
-j 8
< AI EQATO
> Ce d
WHERE-- 4L~ T: --- e
A:lAiEA
I2 IIYRAUIC ESIN
-- - --
CART61010
5 3-z
th
II
44
z5
0 51
I--
Il
44- +T.4 4r
10i 0 403
BASEID~H0 V 0 T
t~A~L~
I111 . <18.$ HYRAUIC DSZ,' CHr~r610-/4t
HYDRAULIC DESIGN CRITERIA
DROP STRUCTURES
LB = CL VE (1)
623 to 624-1
structure is designed to have a tailwater-critical depth ratio between
1.25 and 1.67. This results in a strong ground roller, a confined,
strong and stable surface roller, and a depressed secondary roller down-
stream. Curved, upstream abutment walls are recommended for narrow
channels to help prevent concentration of the flow. For wide channels
with flow width 2 20 times the depth, rectangular abutments are satisfac-
tory. Stilling basin training walls should be sufficiently high to pre-
vent the tailwater returning over the walls into the stilling basin.
Wing walls at the end of the basin are not recommended. The Thannel
edge should be recessed as indicated in HDC 623.
4 6
6. SAF-Type Drop Structures. The SAF-type drop structure '
(HDC's 624 and 624-1) is recommended for designs having large unit dis-
charges and drop heights. The basic layout is shown in HDC 624. The
primary controlling parameter in this design is the location at which
the upper nappe of the falling jet impinges on the stilling basin floor.
This is a function of the total fall of the jet and the depth of the
tailwater. Dimensionless curves for determining the impact location of
the upper nappe on the basin floor are shown in HDC 624-1.
where LB equals basin length. HDC 624 graphically defines the distance
Xa , Xb , and Xc . Numerical values of Xb and Xc are obtained
from the following equations:
Xb = 0. c (3)
Xc = 1.75d (4)
These tests also showed that optimum basin performance occurs when the
baffle pier width and spacing effect a 50 to 60 percent reduction in
flow width and the minimum tailwater depth is not less than 2.15d,
623 to 624-1
8. Design Discharge. Design discharge for the drop structure
Q eL3/ (8)
where
The length L of the weir should effect optimum use of channel cross
section upstream. A trial-and-error procedure should be used to balance
the crest height and width with the channel cross section.
10. References.
6
623 to 624-1
(7) U. S. Army, Office, Chief of Engineers, Engineering and Design;
Hydraulic Design of Flood Control Channels. Engineer Manual
EM 1110-2-1601, Washington, D. C., 1 July 1970.
- 623 to 624-1
M la
~~ 4
_
__
a-. S2
ZC VZf V)w
U) W
-- -- ( )1 a
1. 0-
ww
- -- - It s.- - -'
/ I
z )
0m
V w
u (A U)
I - r
*t4.
zs, zz
-J u.
111111 11 11 1I 11 -I-
tlW-
r I-
0
~V~A - - -77
E
V FLOOR SLOC/S-.-F] NDSILL.
.LONGIrUONAL SILL
HALF PLAN
NAPPE
>PPER J~EOR
La
.4lY~
NOTE'
H =HEAD ON WEIR= *(dc) CENTER-LINE SECTI ON
ho =VELOCITY HEAD
d1a =TAILWATER DEPTH
dc. =CRITICAL DEPTH OVER CREST
h =HEIGHT OF DROP
h =HEIGHT OF END SILL
L@=LENGTH OF STILLING BASIH=Xa +Xb+X.
X 0 =HORIZONTAL DISTANCE FROM CREST TO
INTERSECTION OF UPPER NAPPE AND
STILLING BASIN FLOOR
Xb=HORIZONTAL DISTANCE FROM INTERSECTION OF
UPPER NAPPE AND STILLING BASIN FLOOR TO
SUBCRITICAL
UPSTREAM FACE OF FLOOR BLOCKS OPEN CHANNEL FLOW
Xc =HORIZONTAL DISTANCE FROM UPSTREAM FACE
OF FLOOR BLOCKS TO END OF STILLING BASIN SAF-TYPE DROP STRUCTURE
REDRAWN FROM FIG 10, REFERENCE 4. BASIC GEOMETRY
01
NOTE:
dic=CRITICAL DEPTH OVER CREST
h, =HEIGHT OF DROP
h' -HEIGHT O END SILL
Xa=ORIZONTAL DISTANCE FROM CREST
TO INTERSECTION OF UPPER NAPPE
AND STILLING BASIN FLOOR
TAILWATERDISTANCE
Yt=VERTICAL SURFACE FROM
(Tt IS CREST TOSUW
POSITIVE C I CA
WHEN TAILWATER SURFACE IS ABOVE
THE CREST, NEGATIVE WHEN TAILWATER
SURFACE IA BELOW CREST)
OPEN CHANNEL FLOW
SAF- TYPE DROP STRUCTURE
REDRAWN FROM FIG. 2, REFERENCE 4
SHYDRAULIC JET IMPACT
DESIGN LOCATION
CHART 024-I
WES 7-73
HYDRAULIC DESIGN CRITERIA
RESISTANCE COEFFICIENTS
V C
where
V = mean channel velocity, ft per sec
=
C Chezy resistance coefficient which is a function of Reynolds
number and relative roughness of channel
631 to 631-2
Revised 1-68
f= 8Rsg
e V
The use of this form of the Reynolds number is recommended in the ASCE
task force report.4
6. Basic Data. The plotted data in Chart 631 are for concrece-
lined channels. Both tranquil- and rapid-flow data are presented. The
tranquil-flow data were computed from U. S. Army Engineer Waterways Ex-
periment Station (WES) laboratory tests in brushZd-conc-ete flumes 6 ,7
and from field tests results compiled by Scobey.o,9 More recently ob-
tained U. S. Bureau of Reclamation (USBR)1 O and Italian l l field data have
also been included. These data were selected on the oasis of accuracy of
flow measurements and conditions of concrete channel lining. Tests at the
University of Iowa 12 indicate that the energy loss in flows having Froude
numbers greater than 1.6 becomes a function of the Froude number and den-
sity and size of roughness elements. Additional energy loss is caused by
instability of the flow. The plotted data points based on prototype tests
1 3
at the Fort Randall and Fort Peckl" spillway chutes are foi rapid flow
with Froude numbers exceeding the stability criterion. These data repre-
sent the only known available measurements at Re numbers approaching 108.
631 to 631-2
Revised 1-68
7. Suggested Design Criteria.
Average
k s , ft Concrete Surface Finish
o.oo6 18-year-old, 10-ft-wide rectangular aqueduct.
Troweled sides and float-finished bottom
(ref 9)
0.002 Laboratory rectangular and trapezoidal chan-
nels, brushed concrete finish (refs 6 and 7).
Field channels, smooth, troweled cement
finish (refs 8, 9, and 11)
(Continued)
4 631 to 631-2
Revised 1-68
Average
ks,,, ft Concrete Surface Finish
0.003 10- to 20-year-old, 8- to 50-ft-wide trape-
zoidal channels constructed with modern rail-
mounted slip traveling forms (ref 10)
0.005 Screed-finished spillway chute blocks with
transverse joints at 20- to 25-ft intervals
(refs 13 and 14)
9. References.
X 631 to 631-2
i." Revised 1-.68
- j
(4) Progress Report of the Task Force on Friction Factors in Open Channels,
"Friction factors in open channels." ASCE, Hydraulics Division,
Journal, vol 89, HY 2, paper 3464 (March 1963), pp 97-143.
(12) Rouse, H., Koloseus, H. J., and Davidian, J., "The role of the Froude
number in open-channel resistance." Hydraulic Research, Journal of
the International Association for Hydraulic Research, vol 1, No. 1
(1963), pp 14-19.
631 to 631-2
Revised 1-68
,~ii
m OLV N CLO
2 (,
R___ P 0 0 0 0
o0 0
0 0
*4 0 ~ 0 0
0 0
00
0
0 00 0
00
(Y
Ari
N 0 c
k2
a 0g
Ii
2UU -r,
~ a
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 O N 0-J -
0 I'I
N CHART 6IF
w Lii
(~ ~ z~UC
N, U w
N(U
+Fx2Z L
m
H..
w
u~Itli
0w 0OrI
**SARE mY h4uRWTAASIPtUM
ZH (U h 3
wn
GIVEN: REQUIRED:
Concrete-lined channel Equivalent roughness k5
Shape, trapezoidal Chezy C
Invert slope (S)= 0.0004 Base width B
Flow depth (D) 12 ft Fraud* No. < 0.85
--. Side slope = I on 2 Check Manning's n
2 Water temperature " 60 F
Discharge (Q)= 15,000 cfs
Construction, rail-mounted traveling forms
From
From tabulation
Chart 001.1,of equivalent
v = 1.22 x roughness
10- 5 ft 2/sec(par.
at 7b(1),
60 F Sheets 631 to 631.2), k, 0.003 ft
* TRIAL COMPUTATIONS
SArea 74 x 12
Hydraulic radius R = Wetted Perimeter = =
8.57 It
r = (16.9) (8.57)
RiR* 4VR =4 47 0
4.75 x 107
5
-1.22 x 10-
S 2860 C = 148 (Chart 631)
R 4(9.33)(9.83) 3.0 x
1.22 x 10-5
R 9.3 =
- .-- 3280 C 149 (Chart 631)
V - 149 .83 0.0004 9.34 9.33 ft/sec
{ 3.
Check Fro,;de No. (F)
and Manning's n
COMPOSITE ROUGHNESS
EFFECTIVE MANNING'S n
3/2 2/3
neff = (Horton or Einstein) (2)
Er(n'3/2A) 2/
1~
4 eff (Colebatch) (3)
A and P are the channel flow subareas and wetted perimeter segments,
respectively; n is the respective Manning roughness coefficient for each
segment considered.
where the subscripts 1 and 2 refer to the bed and bank wetted perimeters,
respectively. The terms are further defined in the sketch in Hydraulic
Design Chart 631-4/1.
7. References.
CIc
0.040 - - 040
0.--
0.03 - 0.034-
0.03-- 0.032
0.030 -0.030--
nl 0.028 .- - -* 0 .028 OR
fleff
0.02(- 0.028
CONSTRUCTON LIN
0.0-4 0.024
0.022 0.02 2
0.020 0.020
0.1 0 .018
0- .0 0 001
0.014/- 0.014
0.0 2 .02 2
EFFETIV MANINGS
n(EQUTIO 4)NOTE: GRAPH BASED ON FIGURE 8, REF 4
n.2?' P, +2 n3 2/3
of P,+2P,
WHERE.
nl, =BED ROUGHNESS
nl2 = SIDE SLOPE ROUGHNESS
nfi= EFFECTIVE ROUGHNESS
Pz= SIDE SLOPE WALL LENGTH
P,= BOTTOM WIDTH
OPEN CHANNEL FLOW
COMPOSITE ROUGHNESS
EFFECTIVE MANNING'S nl
HYDRAULIC DESIGN CHART 631-4
WE$ 1-6$
1.0
d
0.40
z+
0,30~ ~ ++AILAIIIIIII
~ Wp L.------- 1
Pd~T~OPE CANNL LO
COPSIERUGNS
WETDPEIEEoRLTO
A3- HYRALI DEIG CHR
WE 14
At,*tIO.r S.A~V ICK.JR. SIS,$J~p
1215*TIWAYStXRI~gNTr~tIN.
5 0
HYDRAULIC DESIGN CRITERIA
SHEET 660-1
CHANNEL CURVES
SUPERELEVATION
-(1)
gr
where
y= the rise (superelevation plus surface disturbances) in water
surface between the channel center line and the outside wall, ft
C = a coefficient depending upon flow Froude number, channel shape,
and curve geometry
V = average channel velocity, fps
W = straight channel water-surface width, ft
g = acceleration of gravity, ft/sec 2
r = radius of curvature at center line, ft
66o-i
Channel Curve Coefficient
Type of Flow Shape Geometry C Value
Tranquil Rect Simple 0.5
Tranquil Trap. Simple 0.5
Rapid Rect Simple 1.0
Rapid Trap. Simple 1.0
Rapid Rect Spiral transition 0.5
Rapid Trap. Spiral transition 1.0
Rapid Rect Spiral-banked 0.5
+. Curve Design.
= -- (2)
min gy
= 0.09W (3)
' m6o-
660-1
c. Invert banking. Invert banking maintains flow stability in
curved channels and when used with spiral transitions results
in minimum total rise in water surface between the channel
center line and outside wall. It is limited to channels of
rectangular cross sections. The invert is usually banked by
rotating the bottom about the channel center line. The in-
vert along the inside wall is depressed by 6y below the
center-line elevation with a corresponding rise along the
outside wall. The banking upstream and downstream from the
curve should be accomplished linearly in accordance with the
spiral transition lengths determined from equation 3 of
Sheets 660-2 to 660-2/4. Wall heights on both sides of banked
curves are usually designed to be the same as the wall height
of the straight channel. Banking of trapezoidal channels is
not practicable. Such channels should be designed wherever
possible to have long radius curves resulting in minimum
superelevation.
5. References.
t p 4o-6-588.
660-l
- 20
Is 4
CT
0I 10 202 0 fi 5 15
AEROW LOCITY
TRNQI
W"S9-T
HYDRAULIC DESIGN CRITERIA
SPIRAL TRANSITIONS
RAPID FLOW
A = n 2 81 (1)
where
th
As = total central angle at the n arc of the spiral, sec
n = number of arc lengths of 12.5 ft each
81 = central angle of the first arc, sec
L 1.82 W1 (2)
66o 660-2/4
where V and y are the velocity and flow depth, respectively, computed
using a minimum resistance coefficient (Chart 631) and
surface width.
W is the water-
(
5. Banked Curves. The minimum spiral length recommended by Gildea
and Wong 5 for banked curves is:
L = 3OAy (3)
where Ay is the rise in water surface between the channel center line and
the outside wall. Use of this criterion will not usually result in free
drainage of a channel banked by rotating the invert about the center-line
elevation.
660-2 to 660-2/4
4
10. References.
(1) U. S. Army Engineer District, Los Angeles, CE, Hydraulic Model Study,
Los Angeles River Improvements, Whitsett Avenue to Tujunga Wash, July
1949.
(3) U. S. Army Engineer District, Los Angeles, CE, Modified Spiral Curve
Tables, June 1948.
14
i 660-2 to 660-2,/h
jI
.CANEL IHSIRUACRVE
I
(Z-2AA
L~~~~
I-2 =S) S IN DEGREES
c 5725
x
L Y~
51---- I
LIIN SECONDS2
n281 (./
n7
..
........ Y ~ht
. $tQrKtU
...... O.tISP
.. ....... y ~* -70
\ L
0 0!
11
, \ /
-
/
(r + 01) - (r +0 2 ) COSI
TS2 SINI + h2
WHERE
X - r SIN As!
h 2 = X2 - r SIN AS2
O 1 = Y! - r(1 - COS Ast)
02 = Y2 - r(1 - COS As2)
f .,f
,ft Y, ft Lft
L, = t X, ft Yf
CURVED CHANNELS
SPIRAL CURVE TABLES
HYDRAULIC DESIGN CHART 660-2/2
(SHEET I OF 5)
,lWES 1.70
L, f. r, tXf Y, ft n L, ft r, ft Xft
X, Yjf
CURVED CHANNELS
SPIRAL CURVE TABLES
HYDRAULIC DESIGN CHART 660-2/2
(SHEET 2 OF s)
on_ L,
X," ft ft r, ft n L t Y, ftf ,f ,f
CURVED CHANNELS
SPIRAL CURVE TABLES
HYDRAULIC DESIGN CHART 660-2/2
(SHEET 3 OF 5)
WEI$ 9-70
al Lft ftX ft Y, f n L, ft r ft -Y X, ft Yft
CURVED CHANNELS
SPIRAL CURVE TABLES
7'' HYDRAULIC DESIGN CHART 660-2/2
4 (SHEET 4 OF 5)
*I~Att,.,UAAMYInGNLI
C~tAW(NTSTAONV~5~S5R M~lhSI*1WES
.*(A.AS *-70
~ft
, ft =T Xf Y, f.L.± n. I, t t ______ Y. ft
CURVED CHANNELS
SPIRAL CURVE TABLES
HYDRAULIC DESIGN CHART 660-2/2
(SHEET 5 OF 5)
Wf - -lEs
GIVEN:
S Design Q 15,000 cfs
Channel width W= 50 ft
Invert slope S= 0.005
Curve deflection angle I 45 deg
Channel shape -rectangular
Design controls - Sheets 631 to 631-2, par 7b(2)
Capacity Curve geometry
Equivalent roughness k. 0.007 ft 0.002 ft
Depth y 11.26 ft 10.33 ft
Velocity V 26.65 fps 29.05 fps
Critical depth dc 14.0 ft 14.0 ft
Froude No. 1.40 1.59
REQUIRED:
Spiral (minimum length) and simple curve (minimum radius) geometries with invert banking
COMPUTE:
a. Simple curve radius (min)
4V2W 4(29.05)2(50) = 507.42 ft (Eq 2,Sheet 660-1)
rmin = gy (32.2)(10.33)
n r 8n*
nL X Y
(ft) (f t) 0 , 11 (ft) (ft)
CHANNEL CURVE
EXAMPLE COMPUTATION
HYDRAULIC DESIGN CHART 660-2/3
(SHEET I OF 2)
EXfA
NIpARtO 6VV S ARMYENGINEI ITtRWAY5 - STATION,
- IMI9 S-IPP
VICKSI1UIRG.
sIN WE. 1-70
Sx
e. Simple curve geometry (use r 620 ft)
(1) Central angle 0 (Chart 660.2)
0= I - =45 - 2(0201840 ")
= 45 - (04*3712011) = 400221401
(2) Curve length L c (Chart 660-2)
"
I - 2 As)
L57.2958 (40-2240 ) (620)
c 57.2958
40.38 (620) 436.95 ft
57.2958
f. Total curve length L c
LT = 2L + Lc = 2(50) + 436.95 536.95 ft
CHANNEL CURVE
EXAMPLE COMPUTATION
HYDRAULIC DESIGN CHART 660-2/3
(SHEET 2 OF 2)
S*P
$ARMY
=m~
m vIN ~ tCC
M rAtt . S .X I ~t
$tA~
N v, C. $S uR , M, $$IS
,?O SiPP WES 9 . 70
(r OPLEGHTWAL rop
PROWILER SURFAAL
EXISTIN
WALLINER
ENTRANC 4PLAN5
EXI
CURVEL SECIION
7
HYDRAULIC DESIGN CRITERIA
SHEET 703-1
RIPRAP PROTECTION
703-1
guide for defining the location and extent of these areas in simple channel
bends. The boundary shear ratios should be less than those sh6wn in Chart
703-1 for bends with smaller deflection angles or with larger ratios of
bend radius to water-surface width (r/w).
5. References.
(1) U. S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, CE, Hydraulic Design
of Rock Riprap, by F. B. Campbell. Miscellaneous Paper No. 2-777,
Vicksburg, Miss., February 1966.
703-1
we
1K z
z
W
- 0
WW 0g JI
,' ~I20
2w wIw
C) X
0 1 (n 2J{
-NL0
'8~w
II D
0 In
w210
eV2w
v oV <o .
t
V HYDRAULIC DESIGN CRITERIA
t SHEET 704
ICE THRUST ON HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES
, P4 3. hourly
ft and The ice thrust curves in HDC 704 are for ice thicknesses up to
air temperature rises of 5, 10, and 150 F. Separate curves
are presented to show the effects of lateral restraint and solar radiation.
The expected ice thicknesses, air temperature rise, and possible snow
blanket thickness are dependent upon geographical location and elevation
above sea level. In the region of chinook winds rapid air temperature
Srises can occur. The U. S. Weather Bureau has recorded a 49OF rise in two
minutes at Spearfish, S. Dak. When the ice sheet is confined by steep
banks close to the structure, spillway piers, or other vertical restric-
tions, the criteria for complete lateral restraint should be used. The
direct effects of solar energy on the thrust are eliminated when the ice
sheet is insulated by a blanket of snow only a few inches thick.
4. References.
-7o4
S20
20
NO LATERAL
COMPLETE LATERAL
ARESTRAINT
12
12
88
4 -
0
24 -. 24
+Ct
12
12
-
A
a8
, 0 I 2 - 3 4O0 I Z 3 4
ICE THICKNESS IN FEET
ICE THICKNESS IN FEET
SOLAR ENERGY CONSIDERED
ICE THRUSTS ON
HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES
HYDRAULIC DESIGN CHART 704
;........ .......
WE3 0-61
+lnC A ( YU I A M K I C. WTA AI ~
g Y $ , M K U AG WM Ip
WCS o-e
HYDRAULIC DESIGN CRITERIA
SHEET 711
ALOW-MONOLITH DIVERSION
DISCHARGE COEFFICIENTS
3 /2
Q = Cf - 2 KH)
711
5. Applicqtion. The suggested design curves given in HDC 711 should,
serve as guides for estimating diversion flows over low monoliths. In
cases where the head-discharge relation may be critical, a more exact rela- j
tion should be obtained by hydraulic model investigation. A model study of,
proposed low-monolith diversion schemes for Allatoona Dam 7 was made because
of critical diversion requirements.
6. References.
i
3.4
3.2
26
_0a.lLOW FREE
ANDSE ONK/DSAER('CiAKAENS
CwORN ET'- -
1.0
- (ROUND CREST)___
b. SUMEGE FO
TEXT.
01
00 0.. .
07
06
.i.;.5
02
HYDRULCHESINCARL
CRES
(SHARPS
STONE STABILITY
V = C 2g ( w) (D)l/2 (1)
where
V = velocity, fps
C = a coefficient
2
ft/sec
g = acceleration of gravity,
3
Y = specific weight of stone, lb/ft
s
3
Yw = specific weight of water, lb/ft
D = stone diameter, ft
712-1
Revised 9-70
Y
Y
AV
C \2g ]1/2l/
712-1C
Revised 9-70
J (2) The upper limit of W 5 0 stone should not exceed the
AV weight that can be obtained economically from the quarry
or the size that will satisfy layer thickness require-
ments as specified in paragraph 6c.
(4) The upper limit of WlO0 stone should not be more than
five times the lower limit of W5 0 stone, nor exceed the
size that can be obtained economically from the quarry,
nor exceed the size that will satisfy layer thickness
requirements as specified in paragraph 6c.
(5) The lower limit of Wl5 stone should not be less than one-
sixteenth the upper limit of WlO0 stone.
(6) The upper limit of W15 stone should be less than the up-
per limit of W 5 0 stone as required to satisfy criteria
for graded stone filters specified in EM 1110-2-1901.
(7) The bulk volume of stone lighter than the W15 stone
should not exceed the volume of voids in the revetment
without this lighter stone.
7. References.
(1) Shelford, W., "On rivers flowing into tideless seas, illustrated by
~ 712-1
Revised 9-70
Water, Leningrad, 1932. Translated by A. Dorijikov, U. S. Army En-
gineer District, Eastport, CE, Maine, 1935.
(6) U. S. Army Engineer District, Portland, CE, McNary Dam - Secc',d Step
Cofferdam Closure. Bonneville Hydraulic Laboratory Report No. 51-1,
1956.
712-1
Revised 9-70
z >f
.0
WmW
0
Z~
S U
03
in3C r , MWi
w - oSnAw
I- cc0
!Y> A W u 1,w
. Z
0 0
HIM
I
1- 0
HILL HI I IIL
0 su
HIM I z w 0(
HI I
D
p
0 0 I~0 I
0 0 0l 0T- 0T 0 0I I - N(
Hil0 0 HI V 00 0
00,
iq
bJ w __
~M
IdAIINW4U 3N.LS
91 'HOI3 <
C.U/87
. ~~ ~ ~
.0
w
4. HDC 722-1 shows the relation between storm drain diameter, well
diameter, and discharge. Designing for operation beyond the limits shown
in HDC 722-1 is not recommended. Intermediate ratios of stilling well-
drain pipe diameters within the limits shown in HDC 722-1 can be computed
using the equation given in this chart.
722-1 to 722-3
tests also showed that optimum energy dissipation for the design flow 4
occurs with the tailwater midway up the hanging baffle. Excessive tail-
water should be avoided as this causes flow over the top of the baffle.
D50 = D
=3
if
where
722-1 to 722-3
D = depth of flow in outlet channel, ft
V = average velocity in outlet channel, ft
2
g = gravitational acceleration, ft/sec
10. References.
722-1 to 722-3
l-
I-
BASIC EQUATION
WHERE'
Dw - STILLING WELL DIAMETER, FT
Do - DRAIN DIAMETER, FT
Q - DESIGN DISCHARGE, CFS
0.6
iJ
>1 1
0- 0.4-- -
-) J
z 3:
0-
I,.UJ
w0
U.<w
0
i-Is / _
-
INVERT. '
R
HOP
WES 7-73
0
wUNSATISFACTORYD
w
00
0 2 D 20 5 00 20 500 1000
DISCHARGE Q, CFS
BASIC EQUATION
w=13FOR Q S21
-3o \)
2 5
) Do2.5
WHERE.
W =BASIN WIDTH, FT
Do= DRAIN DIAMETER, FT
Q =DESIGN DISCHARGE, CFS
V, PIPE VELOCITY, FPS
Iii
LiI Fi SEC -
ir CA
'VIf
0 EL
'Q'V~
1ON ~ EC
c <
STILLING BASIN DESIGN
H= (W) cdz(W)
WES 7-73
I-v
..
0,,
0
Io
,,0
0D
,..," U N S A T IS FA C T O RY
Ir
WDISCHARGE Q 9.5
BASIC EQUATION
WHERE:,
ENDSILL LENGTH, FT
DO= DRAIN DIAMETER, FT
O DESIGN DISCHARGE, CFS
RECTANGULAR
STILLING BASIN
HALF-PLAN
L0a N
WING
TRAPEZOIDAL
WING Z$
STILLING BASIN
HALF-PLAN
'1 SIDEWALL
_ I~z
9d
1
sm C -- . 71(t0 .125)
o D2 (1)
0
D 0 375
(t) ] (2)
DD
sm (t-.5 (3)
o
00
V 2
§
I -
0
C~(Q) (.375)]
722-4 to 722-7
where
TW Equation No.
o 1 2 3 4
>0.5 4.1o 0.74 0.72 0.62
6. References.
722-4 to 722-7
go- LOW- ,,ORIGINAL GROUND LINE,
0 1.000-FT-DIAMETER CULVERT
A 0 0333-FT-DIAMETER CULVERT
0.4 A0224-FT-DIAMETER CULVERT
Ds
0.1 A
DIMENSIONLESSCENTER-LINE PROFILE
04x
DsA
0
D'. .6
TW > O.5D 0
04
DS0. 01 06 04 02 0 0 0) 6 0 .
Ws~ISANE
(&L FOM .DIME ATIONLSS FETERLN PCOFRHOILEMER
SCU7ETF
DsMXIU
z owd
zz
00
SF6
2 z
0 ZJ s
<~ 5
~z
L II
U.
Xo 04 <f
8l oa
>00 i a..
0 .
0Iz- 0:
0 rK
10ON3 o 3D0 7 N3J
7ON 3
PLAN
SECTION A--A
WES 7-73
r/
o., I,
./
0.1
0.02 ,
0.0
0.01 _ _ ,t" 00oH ZOTPROTECTION
ORTYPE
0 0.'.....o
0C
AL LANET
0.0125 O.0Do-DEEP PREFORMED
/ / SCOUR HOLE
V 0.0021
BASIC EQUATION
Do 4/3
DSO=,
Do TW I(Dol!)
WHERE*
Dso= MINIMUM AVERAGE SIZE OF STONE, FT
Do = DIAMETER OR WIDTH OF STORM DRAIN, FT
Q = STORM DRAIN DISCHARGE, CFS
TW= TAILWATER DEPTH ABOVE DRAIN INVERT, FT
A..
HYDRAULIC DESIGN CRITERIA
SHEET 733-1
SURGE TANKS
HEAD LOSSES
1. Thin plate orifices are often used in surge tank risers to re-
strict the flow during load-on and load-off operations. Computation of the
head losses through these orifices is of interest in the design of surge
tanks.
3. HDC 733-1 presents a head loss coefficient curve for thin plate
orifices in tees. The head loss coefficient is based on the combined tee
and orifice head loss. Indri's data shown in this chart indicate that a
single curve is applicable to load on-load off turbine conditiong. Also
shown in jh~s chtirt are head loss coefficient curves by Weisbach(3) and
Marchettikl) for thin plate orifices in straight pipe. These curves indi-
cate that the location of the orifice with respect to other disturbances
affects the head loss.
V2
H= Ko
0 2g
where
733-1
5. References.
(1) Caric, D. M., "Tehnicka hydraulika."
(1952).
Gradevenska, Knjiga, Belgrad (
(2) Indri, E., "Richerche sperimentali su modelli di strozzature per pozzi
piezometrici (Experimental research on models of constrictions for
surge tanks)." L'Energia Elettrica, vol 34, No. 6 (June 1957), PP
554-569. Translation by Jan C. Van Tienhoven, for U. S. Arvy Engineer
Waterways Experiment Station, CE, Translation No. 60-3, Vicksburg,
Miss., April 1960.
(3) Weisbach, J., Untersuchungen in den Gebieten der Mechanik und
Hydraulik. Leipzig, 1945.
:, 733-i
3000
2000
LEGEND
6 INDRI -DOWNWARD SWING
100 0 INDRI-UPWARD SWING
600 MAi9CHETT/____
300
00
0 30 456
30
202
dd
EQUAINTIOIONTC
2
2
HL - oj
WHERE
HL -HEAD LOSS ACROSS ORWICE, FT SURGE TANKS
KQ-HEAD LOSS COEFFICIENT
V -VELOCITY IN PIPE, FT PER SEC THIN PLATE ORIFICES
HEAD LOSSES
HYDRAULIC DESIGN CHART 733-I
WES 10-61
(PAMN ..........
!CICIKSUCCSCS
*,C'A~~t. ECA'E*V