Dalandan

and Calamansi Extract

High School Thesis Presented to Science Department

Sto. Nino De Novaliches Inc.

Novaliches, Quezon City

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

Of Integrated Science

For the Fourth Quarter

S.Y. 2011-2012

Submitted to:

T.Jenny P. Lanuza,

Faculty,

and Science Department

Submitted by:

Esteban, Danielle

Reyes, Vincent

Tolentino, Tiffany

Jungco, Daniela

2nd year -Mahinahon

March 2012
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The researchers would like to extend their gratitude and appreciation to the
following persons for constantly assisting the researchers through their work:

Mr. and Mrs. Esteban

Mr. and Mrs. Reyes

Mr. and Mrs. Tolentino

Mr. and Mrs. Jungco; for their unlimited support and help

Ms. Lilia Gordo: for helping the researchers in getting Dalandan and Calamansi Extract.

And also God: for guiding and helping the researchers in making the investigatory
project with His grace and for giving the natural Dalandan and Calamansi which Is the
important materials in the researchers investigatory project.

The researchers were very thankful and grateful to have those people beside them
in doing the investigatory project because finding the possibilities of Dalandan and
Calamansi is very difficult and will never be possible without them..

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 ABSTRACT

This investigatory project looks toward on the possibilities of Dalandan and Calamansi in
killing insects. If Dalandan and Calamansi Extract is proven to be true, this product could be
offer cheap to the mass and because it is natural and can be readily available sources of
environment-friendly, natural Dalandan and Calamansi Extract. This could help the customers
of Dalandan and Calamansi Extract to save money and just use them to the most important
needs. This investigation can also help poor members of our society to conserve and save money
without sacrificing their sake to the bites of cockroaches by just using herbal or organic materials
like Dalandan and Calamansi Extract.

The main problem of this research is to identify the usefulness of Dalandan and Calamansi
extract as insecticide for cockroaches. The specific problem is to know or identify if Dalandan
and Calamansi Extract is more effective than Baygon and which one will kill insects more,
Dalandan and Calamansi Extract or Baygon.

The researchers found out that Dalandan and Calamansi extract has an ability to kill insects
especially cockroaches. And they also find out that it can be used as substitute for commercial
products like BAYGON that can kill insects if commercial products are not available or cannot
afford them. They learned that in this experiment they can help people that cannot afford
BAYGON or other commercial products they can just get Dalandan and Calamansi extract so
they can kill insects.

The researchers can say that the hypothesis made is accepted because of the results of the
experiment they’ve done and it is a successful experiment between Dalandan and Calamansi
extract and BAYGON. Because it is clearly said on the results of the experiment the Dalandan
and Calamansi extract won.

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 Table of Contents

Chapter I Introduction …………………………………………………………. 1-2

 Main Problem
 Specific Problem
 Significance
 Scope and Limitation
 Definition of terms …………………2

Chapter II Review of Relate Literature………………………………………..3-5

Chapter III Methodology ………………………………………………………. 6

Chapter IV Results and Discussions………………………………………... 7-8

Chapter V Summary of findings, conclusion and recommendations… 8-10

Bibliography……………………………………………………………………. 11

Appendix………………………………………………………………………. 12-17

Curicullum Vitae………………………………………………………………. 18-19

Effectivity of Dalandan (Citrus Aurantium) and Calamansi (Citrofunella
Mirocarpa) Extract as an Insecticide
CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

MAIN PROBLEM:

The main problem of this research is to identify the usefulness of Dalandan and Calamansi
extract as insecticide for insects like cockroaches.

HYPOTHESIS:

Dalandan and Calamansi extract can be used as insecticide to kill insects and cockroaches.

SPECIFIC PROBLEM:

1. How effective is the Dalandan and Calamansi extract as an insecticide?

2. Which one will kill insects more, Dalandan and Calamansi extract or Baygon.

SCOPES AND LIMITATIONS:

The group used Dalandan and Calamansi extract for their research. Two set-ups were prepared.
Set A used Baygon insecticide and Set B used Dalandan and Calamansi Insecticide. The
researchers performed this experiment for approximately 5 minutes. The insects used are
cockroaches. The researchers used a qualitative data after the experiment.

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 DEFINITION OF TERMS

1. Appendages: a usually projecting part of an animal or plant body that is typically smaller
and of less functional importance than the main part to which it is attached; especially: a
limb or analogous part (as a seta).
2. Indigenous: produced, growing, living, or occurring naturally in a particular region or
environment.
3. Diluted: to make thinner or more liquid by admixture, to diminish the strength, flavor, or
brilliance of by admixture.
4. Antiphlogistic: anti-inflammatory, first known use of this word was on 1715.
5. Poultice: a soft usually heated and sometimes medicated mass spread on cloth and
applied to sores or other lesions.
6. Distinct : distinguishable to the eye or mind as discrete, presenting a clear unmistakable
impression
7. Obovate : ovate with the narrower end basal
8. Firm : securely or solidly fixed in place, having a solid or compact structure that resists
stress or pressure
9. Decoction: an extract obtained by decocting, an extract obtained by decocting. First
known use of this word was on the 15th century.
10. Tincture: a substance that colors, dyes, or stain.

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 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

CALAMONDIN or CALAMANSI (Citrofunella Mirocarpa)

Commonly called as calamondin, golden lime, panama orange, Chinese orange, acid orange,
calamonding, or calamandarin in the English language. It is believed to originate from China and has
spread throughout Southeast Asia, India, Hawaii, West Indies, Central and North America. The plant is
characterized by wing-like appendages on the leaf stalks and white or purplish flowers. Its fruit has either
a spongy or leathery rind with a juicy pulp that is divided into sections.

Calamansi is one of the world’s wonder fruits or the antioxidant fruit. Antioxidants have been proven to
be very effective and valuable in promoting overall health. They can help to fight cancer and heart disease
as well as arthritis, Parkinson's, and several others. Antioxidants work to regulate the body against free
radical exposure. They can also help slow the aging process. Excessive amounts of free radicals in the
body can damage cellular integrity, causing the onset of a variety of potential diseases. In this book, Remi
Cooper discusses the action of antioxidants in the body. She also reviews several valuable antioxidants
such as Vitamins A, E, and C, Selenium, Coenzyme Q10, and pycnogenol.

The fruit is indigenous and widely cultivated in the Philippines (Tagalog: calamansi or kalamansî);
Visayan: limonsito or simuyaw ),Calamansi is available year round in the Philippines and is usually seen
in its unripened state as a dark green fruit, but if left to ripen it turns a tangerine orange color.In its
unripened state it is extensively used not just in Philippine cuisine, but also for household and medicinal
use like as a hair conditioner, body deodorant, ink stain remover on fabrics, for treating insect bites, for
curing skin problems like acne, as a cough remedy, etc.

Calamondin citrus has found several medicinal uses. The juice, when rubbed on insect bites, will relieve
the itching and reduce the irritation. It has also found as a natural acne medicine. It is still used orally as
cough medicine (often mixed with green tea) and is a natural anti-inflammatory. For problems with
constipation the juice is warmed and diluted with water. It bleaches freckles and helps to clear up acne
vulgaris and pruritus vulvae. It is taken orally as a cough remedy and antiphlogistic.In Malaysia, used as
an antidote for poison.Poultice of pandanus leaves, mixed with salt and juice of citrus microcarpa, for
abscesses. In Malaya, combined with pepper to help expel phlegm. Its roots are used in the Philippines at
childbirth.

DALANDAN or PHILIPPINE ORANGE (Citrus Aurantium)

The Philippine orange, locally known as dalandan, is a member of the sweet orange species of the citrus
family. Sweet oranges, for many years, was known as Citrus auranntium var. sinensis L. and was
considered as a form of the sour orange but has now been considered a distinct species, C. sinensis
Osbeck, although this was not universally agreed. Hence, although a lot of information scientifically
names dalandan as C. aurantium, we shall refer to it as C. sinensis.

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Dalandan is rich in Vitamin C that gives protection to different diseases. And the skin or the outer
covering of this dalandan is hard. The fruit stated is a citrus fruit that clearly helps the immune system
very much. In this booklet about the immune system, Louise Tenney M.H. discusses dietary
recommendations and supplements and herbs that help to improve immunity. The immune system is the
body's main defense against disease and toxins. When the immune system isn't fuctioning properly,
viruses and bacteria have free reign in the body. By focusing on prevention rather than treatment, these
viruses and bacteria never have a chance to invade the body. And natural medicines like fruits,
specifically, orange (dalandan), lemons, grapefruits, limes, etc.

Originally from China, dalandans have adapted to local conditions and have developed a terrific flavor
that is both acidic yet sweet. They are somewhat similar to Valencia oranges. Perhaps because both are
varieties of C. sinensis. Fresh Dalandans have bright and deep green skins, smell great, possess a natural
shine and are firm to the touch. They have an obovate shape.

They also have different traditional uses like gas pains: Take decoction of rind as tea, nausea and fainting:
Squeeze rind near nostril for irritant inhalation, dried flowers used as preventive for dysentery, orange

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peel used in preparation of tincture of cinchona and tincture of gentian, dried rind is used as tonic
dyspepsia and for general debility, dried rind is rubbed on the face for acne or eczema, and water distilled
from the flowers used as stimulant.

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 Chapter III

METHODOLOGY

Materials:

 Baygon
 Dalandan and Calamansi extract
 5 cockroaches each set/ 10 cockroaches
 A table

Flow Chart:
Prepare 2 set-ups in a table.

Set A will be using Baygon. Set B will be

using Dalandan and Calamansi extracts.

Open the Dalandan and Calamansi into

half and get the extract inside.

Put at least 5 cockroaches in each set-

ups.

Then spray the Baygon and Dalandan and

Calamansi extract on each set.

Wait until 3 minutes, identify which is

more effective.

After the experiment, record what you

have observed and the result of it.

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 CHAPTER IV

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

NO.OF COCKROACHES NO.OF COCKROACHES KILLED PER TRIAL

PER TRIAL

DALANDAN AND BAYGON

CALAMANSI EXTRACT
TRIAL 1 (5) 5 4
TRIAL 2 (5) 3 4
TRIAL 3 (5) 4 3
TOTAL (15) 12 11
AVERAGE (100%) 80% 73%

RESULT

DALANDAN AND CALAMANSI EXTRACT VS. BAYGON

Average of Dalandan & Calamansi extract

82% and Baygon(100%)
80%

78%

76%

74%

72%

70%

68%
Aloe Vera Baygon

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DISCUSSION:

(PREFER TO THE GRAPH and TABLE)

The DALANDAN AND CALAMANSI EXTRACT is higher and kills one cockroach ahead
of BAYGON because while the researchers are doing the project they discover that
DALANDAN AND CALAMANSI EXTRACT is very and highly acidic that can irritate the
cockroach and kill cockroach. Although the BAYGON is effective but DALANDAN AND
CALAMANSI EXTRACT is effective one cockroach ahead. In the first trial, the DALANDAN
AND CALAMANSI EXTRACT killed five cockroaches over five cockroaches while BAYGON
killed four cockroaches. In the second trial, the DALANDAN AND CALAMANSI EXTRACT
killed three cockroaches over five while BAYGON killed four cockroaches. In the third trial, the
DALANDAN AND CALAMANSI EXTRACT killed four cockroaches over five while
BAYGON killed five. So the over all score or rate of DALANDAN AND CALAMANSI
EXTRACT is twelve over fifteen while BAYGON got eleven over fifteen. While, the average of
DALANDAN AND CALAMANSI EXTRACT is 80% while BAYGON GOT 73%.

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 CHAPTER V

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION, RECCOMENDATIONS

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS: The researchers found out the following:

1) The researchers found out that DALANDAN AND CALAMANSI EXTRACT has an
ability to kill insects especially cockroaches.
2) And they also found out that it can be used as substitute for commercial products like
BAYGON that can kill insects if commercial products are not available or cannot
afford them.
3) They learned that in this experiment they can help people that cannot afford BAYGON
or other commercial products they can just get DALANDAN AND CALAMANSI
EXTRACT so they can kill insects.

CONCLUSION:

By the help of their experiment, the researchers found the answer to the main problem,
specific problem, and hypothesis. The answer to the main problem is DALANDAN AND
CALAMANSI EXTRACT can also be use to kill insects this can be proven by the results of the
experiment they made. Because DALANDAN AND CALAMANSI EXTRACT has an ability to
kill insects as seen in the result of the experiment. So the researcher can identify that
DALANDAN AND CALAMANSI EXTRACT can be use as an insecticide.

The answer to the specific problem is DALANDAN AND CALAMANSI EXTRACT is

more effective than BAYGON because it kills more cockroaches than BAYGON after 5 minutes.
The researchers found that DALANDAN AND CALAMANSI EXTRACT is more effective than
BAYGON because on their experiment that DALANDAN AND CALAMANSI EXTRACT kills
one cockroach ahead of BAYGON after 5 minutes.

The researchers can say that the hypothesis made is accepted because of the results of the
experiment they’ve done and it is a successful experiment between DALANDAN AND
CALAMANSI EXTRACT and BAYGON. Because the researchers had made a successful
experiments and testing of DALANDAN AND CALAMANSI EXTRACT and BAYGON to
identify if DALANDAN AND CALAMANSI EXTRACT can be used as insecticide.

RECCOMENDATIONS:

The researchers would like to suggest the following for those who want to continue the project:

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1) The researchers recommend if other researchers/scientists will also try the experiment
they should improve the DALANDAN AND CALAMANSI EXTRACT in terms of the
longevity of the effectiveness of DALANDAN AND CALAMANSI EXTRACT.

2) And they may also learn way that can help to the use of DALANDAN AND
CALAMANSI EXTRACT as an insecticide.

3) They can also use their ideas for the improvement of DALANDAN AND CALAMANSI
EXTRACT as insecticide.

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 BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOK:

Cooper, Remi ,Antioxidants,page 20

Louise Tenney M.H.; Leo James English, : The Immune System ; Diksyunaryong Tagalog-Ingles, page 32 and
51

INTERNET SITES:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calamondin

http://philorange.blogspot.com/

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 APPENDIX

Materials:

Cockroaches

Dalandan and Calamansi Extract

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 Baygon

PROCEDURES IN GETTING THE DALANDAN AND CALAMANSI EXTRACT

1) First get Dalandan and Calamansi

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2) Slice into half and squeeze to get the extract.

3) Put the Extract on a spray container.

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 The Experiment:
Two-Setups: Dalandan and Calamansi Extract and Baygon

START THE FIRST TRIAL:

First the researchers put 5 cockroaches in each setups.
Dalandan and Calamansi Extract got five cockroaches out of five
Baygon got four cockroaches out of five

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SECOND TRIAL:

THE RESEACHERS PUT AGAIN FIVE COCKROACHES.

Dalandan and Calamansi Extract got three cockroaches out of five.

Baygon got four cockroaches out of five.

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THIRD TRIAL:

THE RESEACHERS PUT AGAIN FIVE COCKROACHES.

Dalandan and Calamansi Extract got four cockroaches out of five.

Baygon got three cockroaches out of five.

NO.OF COCKROACHES NO.OF COCKROACHES KILLED PER TRIAL

PER TRIAL

DALANDAN AND BAYGON

CALAMANSI EXTRACT
TRIAL 1 (5) 5 4
TRIAL 2 (5) 3 4
TRIAL 3 (5) 4 3
TOTAL (15) 12 11
AVERAGE (100%) 80% 73%
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 CURICULLUM VITAE

MEMBERS:

PERSONAL INFORMATION

NAME: Vincent William C. Reyes

AGE: 14

ADDRESS: L6 BLK16 Dona Rosario Subd., Novaliches, Quezon City

BIRTHDAY: February 14, 1998

BIRTHPLACE: Manila

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

PRE-SCHOOL: Sto. Nino De Novaliches School (2001-2003)

ELEMENTARY: Sto. Nino De Novaliches School (2004-2010)

HIGHSCHOOL: Sto. Nino De Novaliches School (2010-present)

PERSONAL INFORMATION

NAME: Tiffany Kim Jian M. Tolentino

AGE: 14

ADDRESS: # 29 San Ildefonso Drive Torres Village, Novaliches, Quezon City

BIRTHDAY: January 21, 1998

BIRTHPLACE: San Fernando, Pampanga

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

PRE-SCHOOL: St. Anne School

ELEMENTARY: Sto. Nino De Novaliches School (2004-2010)

HIGHSCHOOL: Sto. Nino De Novaliches School (2010-present)

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PERSONAL INFORMATION
NAME: Danielle O. Esteban
AGE: 13
ADDRESS: Blk. 27 Lot 32 Topaz st. VillaNova Subdivision, Novaliches, Quezon City
BIRTHDAY: May 11, 1998
BIRTHPLACE: Novaliches, Quezon City
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
PRE-SCHOOL: Grace Montessori School
ELEMENTARY: Sto. Nino De Novaliches School (2004-2010)
HIGHSCHOOL: Sto. Nino De Novaliches School (2010-present)

PERSONAL INFORMATION
NAME: Daniela B. Jungco
AGE: 14
ADDRESS: Blk 12 Lot 32 Morning Sun St.,Northwind Subd, San Bartolome Novaliches ,
Quezon City
BIRTHDAY: November 16 , 1997
BIRTHPLACE: Manila
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
PRE-SCHOOL: Little Susie Learning School (2002 - 2004)
ELEMENTARY: Rosa L. Susano Elementary School (2004-2010)
HIGHSCHOOL: Sto. Nino De Novaliches School (2010-present)

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