NERA Evolution Series Technical Description C PDF

Technical Description
Evolution Series
Multi Service - Software Defined
Microwave Radio System, 5 - 40GHz

This page is intentionally left blank
The information in this documentation is subject to change without notice and describes only the product defined in
the introduction of this documentation. This documentation is intended for the use of Nera's customers only for the
purposes of the agreement under which the documentation is submitted, and no part of it may be reproduced or
transmitted in any form or means without the prior written permission of Nera.
The information or statements given in this documentation concerning the suitability, capacity, or performance of the
mentioned hardware or software products cannot be considered binding but shall be defined in the agreement made
between Nera and the customer. However, Nera has made all reasonable efforts to ensure that the instructions
contained in the documentation are adequate and free of material errors and omissions. Nera will, if necessary,
explain issues that may not be covered by the documentation. Nera's liability for any errors in the documentation is
limited to the documentary correction of errors.
NERA WILL NOT BE RESPONSIBLE IN ANY EVENT FOR ERRORS IN THIS DOCUMENTATION OR FOR ANY
DAMAGES, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL (INCLUDING MONETARY LOSSES), that might arise from the
use of this documentation or the information in it. This documentation and the product it describes are considered
protected by copyright according to the applicable laws.
NERA logo is a registered trademark of Eltek ASA. Other product names mentioned in this documentation may be
trademarks of their respective companies, and they are mentioned for identification purposes only.
Copyright © Nera Networks AS 2008. All rights reserved.
NGP\000330 Rev. C 2008-02-21 Evolution Series 1

Document history
Revision Date Summary of changes

Rev A 04.may.2007 First Release. Technical Description for all Evolution Series
configuration modes merged to one document.
Rev B 16.July.2007 Low Capacity ODU included. Output power and thresholds corrected.
Rev C 12.Feb.2008 Long Haul Figures updated
2 Evolution Series NGP\000330 Rev. C 2008-02-21

Contents Page
1. INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................................................11
1.1 FEATURES ..................................................................................................................................................13
1.2 NETWORK APPLICATIONS..........................................................................................................................14
2. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION GENERAL ...........................................................................................................17
3. METRO SYSTEM DESCRIPTION – ACCESS & LONG HAUL...............................................................20

3.1 LINK CONFIGURATIONS .............................................................................................................................21
3.2 NODE CONFIGURATIONS ...........................................................................................................................21
3.3 USER INTERFACES.....................................................................................................................................21
3.3.1 64 kb/s auxiliary channels and EOW ...............................................................................................22
3.3.2 E1 and T1 Wayside channel..............................................................................................................22
3.3.3 External Alarm and Controls..............................................................................................................22
3.4 SDH/SONET FEATURES AND DXC FUNCTIONALITY ..............................................................................23
3.4.1 Mapping and multiplexing DXC Unit & DXC Frame .......................................................................23
3.4.2 Mapping and multiplexing STM-4/OC-12.........................................................................................24
3.4.3 Cross-connect support .......................................................................................................................24
3.4.4 Synchronisation...................................................................................................................................25
3.4.5 Section Termination............................................................................................................................25
3.4.6 Scrambling / descrambling functions................................................................................................25
3.4.7 Section/Transport Overhead (SOH/TOH) .......................................................................................26
3.4.8 SOH/TOH Frameword and bytes......................................................................................................26
3.5 METRO TERMINAL AND NODE CONFIGURATIONS WITH DXC ................................................................27
3.6 METRO STM-4/OC-12 TERMINALS ........................................................................................................30
3.8 ETHERNET FEATURES ................................................................................................................................31
3.8.1 Ethernet over SDH/SONET Mapping ...............................................................................................31
3.8.2 VCAT and LCAS support ...................................................................................................................31
3.8.3 Ethernet services ................................................................................................................................32
3.8.4 QoS features........................................................................................................................................34
3.8.5 Ingress rate limiting.............................................................................................................................34
3.8.6 Buffering strategy ................................................................................................................................34
3.8.7 Latency – Ethernet Interfaces ...........................................................................................................35
3.8.8 MAC learning .......................................................................................................................................35
3.8.9 Maximum Packet Size ........................................................................................................................35
3.8.10 Ethernet Statistics...........................................................................................................................35
3.8.11 Typical Ethernet Throughput.........................................................................................................35
3.8.12 Link-Loss Failure pass through on the Ethernet port.................................................................35
4. XPAND SYSTEM DESCRIPTION.................................................................................................................36
4.1 USER INTERFACES WITH UNIVERSAL IFU ................................................................................................37
4.2 ETHERNET FUNCTIONALITY .......................................................................................................................38
4.2.1 General.................................................................................................................................................38
4.2.2 Ethernet Traffic Mapping....................................................................................................................38
4.2.3 Flow Control.........................................................................................................................................38
4.2.4 MAC learning .......................................................................................................................................38
4.2.5 Latency – Ethernet Interfaces ...........................................................................................................38
4.2.6 Maximum Ethernet Packet Size ........................................................................................................39
4.2.7 Ethernet Statistics ...............................................................................................................................39
4.2.8 Typical Ethernet Throughput .............................................................................................................39
4.2.9 Link-Loss Failure pass through on the Ethernet port .....................................................................39
4.3 XPAND TERMINAL AND NODE CONFIGURATIONS....................................................................................40
5. LINK CONFIGURATIONS..............................................................................................................................42
5.1 LEGEND ......................................................................................................................................................42

5.2 1+0 SYSTEM ..............................................................................................................................................43
5.3 1+1 HSB / 1+1 FD SYSTEM......................................................................................................................43
5.4 2+0 / 1+1 HSB DUAL BASEBAND SYSTEM ...............................................................................................44
5.5 SPACE DIVERSITY/DUAL ANTENNA SYSTEM.............................................................................................44
5.6 CO-CHANNEL DUAL POLARISED (CCDP) SYSTEM ...................................................................................45
5.7 3+1/4+0 SYSTEM ......................................................................................................................................45
5.8 7+1/8+0 SYSTEM ......................................................................................................................................46
5.9 7+1/8+0 SYSTEM LONG HAUL OPTIMIZED ...............................................................................................47
5.10 LONG HAUL BRANCHING SYSTEMS...........................................................................................................48
6. GENERAL EQUIPMENT CHARACTERISTRICS ......................................................................................49
6.1 TRANSMISSION CAPACITIES AND CHANNEL BANDWIDTH .........................................................................49
6.2 FREQUENCY BANDS ...................................................................................................................................50
6.3 EQUIPMENT REFERENCE POINTS .............................................................................................................52
6.4 INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL STANDARDS ...........................................................................................53
6.5 ETSI EQUIPMENT CLASS ..........................................................................................................................53
6.6 EQUIPMENT BACKGROUND BER (RESIDUAL BER) ..................................................................................53
6.7 SYSTEM DELAY ..........................................................................................................................................53
6.8 SYSTEM LOOP BACK POSSIBILITIES...........................................................................................................54
6.9 SYSTEM RELIABILITY .................................................................................................................................55
7. GENERAL RADIO CHARACTERISTICS ....................................................................................................56
7.1 TRANSMITTER CHARACTERISTICS ............................................................................................................56
7.1.1 Automatic/Manual Power Control (ATPC/MTPC)...........................................................................56
7.1.2 TX oscillator frequency tolerance .....................................................................................................56
7.2 RECEIVER CHARACTERISTICS...................................................................................................................57
7.2.1 Maximum input level ...........................................................................................................................57
7.2.2 RX oscillator frequency tolerance.....................................................................................................57
7.2.3 Noise Figure ........................................................................................................................................57
7.3 SYSTEM SIGNATURE..................................................................................................................................58
7.4 INTERFERENCE SENSITIVITY......................................................................................................................60
7.4.1 Co-channel interference sensitivity ..................................................................................................60
7.4.2 Adjacent channel interference sensitivity ........................................................................................61
7.5 XPIC PERFORMANCE ................................................................................................................................62
7.6 RECEIVER IMAGE REJECTION ....................................................................................................................62
7.7 SPURIOUS EMISSIONS ...............................................................................................................................62
7.7.1 Transmitter spurious emissions - external.......................................................................................62
7.7.2 Transmitter spurious emissions - internal........................................................................................62
7.7.3 Receiver spurious emissions - external...........................................................................................62
7.7.4 Receiver spurious emissions - internal ............................................................................................62
8. RADIO CHARACTERISTICS METRO – ODU............................................................................................63
8.1 GENERAL ...................................................................................................................................................63
8.2 OUTPUT POWER STANDARD POWER ODU..............................................................................................63
8.3 OUTPUT POWER HIGH POWER ODU .......................................................................................................63
RECEIVER THRESHOLD 155 MB/S@28 MHZ ...............................................................................................64
8.4...........................................................................................................................................................................64
8.5 RECEIVER THRESHOLD 155 MB/S@40 MHZ ...........................................................................................64
8.6 RECEIVER THRESHOLD 155 MB/S@50-56 MHZ .....................................................................................64
8.7 RECEIVER THRESHOLD 311 MB/S@56 MHZ ETSI .................................................................................65
RECEIVER THRESHOLD 311 MB/S@50 MHZ ANSI .....................................................................................65
8.8...........................................................................................................................................................................65
8.9 SYSTEM GAIN STANDARD POWER ............................................................................................................66
8.10 SYSTEM GAIN HIGH POWER .....................................................................................................................66
9. RADIO CHARACTERISTICS METRO – LONG HAUL .............................................................................67
9.1 GENERAL ...................................................................................................................................................67

9.2 OUTPUT POWER HIGH POWER XCVR .....................................................................................................67
9.3 RECEIVER THRESHOLDS – 155 MB/S@28 MHZ- ACAP.........................................................................67
9.4 RECEIVER THRESHOLDS – 155 MB/S@28 MHZ-ACCP .........................................................................67
9.5 RECEIVER THRESHOLDS 155 MB/S@40 MHZ ACCP & ACAP..............................................................68
9.6 SYSTEM GAIN LONG HAUL SYSTEM..........................................................................................................68
9.7 SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS FOR SPACE DIVERSITY (SD) .......................................................................68
9.7.1 General.................................................................................................................................................68
9.7.2 Combining principles and performance ...........................................................................................68
10. RADIO CHARACTERISTICS XPAND - ODU SYSTEM - ETSI DATA RATES .................................69
10.1 GENERAL ...................................................................................................................................................69
10.1.1 Output Power Standard Power ODU ...........................................................................................69
10.1.2 Output Power High Power ODU ...................................................................................................69
10.1.3 Output Power LC ODU, Low Capacity Optimised......................................................................70
10.2 RECEIVER THRESHOLD 155 MB/S (75XE1) MB/S ....................................................................................70
10.3 RECEIVER THRESHOLD 100 MB/S (50XE1) - 28 MHZ BW .....................................................................70
10.4 RECEIVER THRESHOLD 80 MB/S (40XE1) - 28 MHZ BW........................................................................70
10.7 RECEIVER THRESHOLD 32 MB/S(16XE1) - 28 MHZ BW........................................................................71
10.8 RECEIVER THRESHOLD 32 MB/S(16XE1) - 14 MHZ BW.........................................................................71
10.9 RECEIVER THRESHOLD 16 MB/S (8XE1) - 14 MHZ BW ..........................................................................71
10.10 RECEIVER THRESHOLD 16 MB/S (8XE1) - 7 MHZ BW ........................................................................72
10.11 RECEIVER THRESHOLD 8 MB/S (4XE1) - 7 MHZ BW ..........................................................................72
10.12 SYSTEM GAIN STANDARD POWER - ETSI (E1 BASED) SYSTEMS ........................................................73
10.13 SYSTEM GAIN HIGH POWER - ETSI (E1 BASED) SYSTEMS .................................................................74
11. RADIO CHARACTERISTICS XPAND - ODU SYSTEM - ANSI DATA RATES.................................75
11.1 GENERAL ...................................................................................................................................................75
11.2 OUTPUT POWER STANDARD POWER ODU..............................................................................................75
11.3 OUTPUT POWER HIGH POWER ODU .......................................................................................................76
11.4 RECEIVER THRESHOLD 155 MB/S (96XT1)..............................................................................................77
11.7 RECEIVER THRESHOLD 50 MB/S (32XT1)................................................................................................77
11.8 RECEIVER THRESHOLD 25 MB/S (16XT1)................................................................................................78
11.9 RECEIVER THRESHOLD 22 MB/S (14XT1) – 5 MHZ BW .........................................................................78
11.11 RECEIVER THRESHOLD 6 MB/S (4XT1) - 5 MHZ BW ..........................................................................78
11.12 SYSTEM GAIN STANDARD POWER - ANSI (T1 BASED) SYSTEMS .......................................................79
11.13 SYSTEM GAIN HIGH POWER - ANSI (T1 BASED) SYSTEMS ................................................................80
12. UNIT DESCRIPTIONS................................................................................................................................81
12.1 TRANSCEIVER (XCVR) AND OUTDOOR UNIT (ODU) ..............................................................................81
12.2 UNIVERSAL INTERFACE UNIT (IFU)...........................................................................................................82
12.3 ACCESS IFUS ............................................................................................................................................83
12.4 SUPERVISORY UNIT ...................................................................................................................................83
12.5 RADIO INTERFACE UNIT – RIU..................................................................................................................83
12.6 LINE INTERFACE UNIT – LIU......................................................................................................................84
12.6.1 STM-1/OC-3 Line Interface Units .................................................................................................84
12.6.2 E1/T1 Interface Units .....................................................................................................................84
12.6.3 3xE3/DS3 Interface Unit ................................................................................................................84
12.6.4 STM-4/OC-12 Line Interface Units ...............................................................................................84
12.6.5 Ethernet Interface Unit ...................................................................................................................84
12.7 DIGITAL X-CONNECT UNIT ........................................................................................................................85
12.8 DIGITAL X-CONNECT FRAME.....................................................................................................................85
12.9 W AYSIDE UNIT ...........................................................................................................................................85

12.10 EOW UNIT (SERVICE CHANNEL) ..........................................................................................................85
12.11 ALARM AND CONTROL UNIT ..................................................................................................................85
12.12 64 KB/S SERIAL CHANNEL UNIT ............................................................................................................86
12.13 FAN UNIT ...............................................................................................................................................86
12.14 POWER SUPPLY AND SYNC UNIT .........................................................................................................86
12.15 POWER SUPPLY UNIT ...........................................................................................................................86
12.16 LEDS .....................................................................................................................................................86
13. DIPLEXER, BRANCHING AND ANTENNA INTERFACE ....................................................................87
13.1 DIPLEXER DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................................................87
13.2 RF-COUPLER.............................................................................................................................................87
13.2.1 RF-input return loss ODU..............................................................................................................87
13.3 LOW LOSS BRANCHING DESCRIPTION ......................................................................................................87
13.3.1 Branching loss long haul system..................................................................................................87
13.3.2 RF-filter characteristics ..................................................................................................................88
13.3.3 RF-input return loss........................................................................................................................88
13.4 ANTENNA INTERFACE - SPLIT MOUNT SYSTEM WITH DIPLEXER..............................................................89
13.5 ANTENNA INTERFACE – LONG HAUL RF-FILTER BRANCHING SYSTEM ...................................................89
14. IFU-ODU INTERFACE ...............................................................................................................................90
14.1 CABLE INTERFACE CHARACTERISTICS ......................................................................................................90
14.2 CABLE CHARACTERISTICS .........................................................................................................................90
15. RADIO PROTECTION SWITCHING (RPS) ............................................................................................91
15.1 GENERAL ...................................................................................................................................................91
15.2 LOW PRIORITY TRAFFIC ............................................................................................................................91
15.3 BASE BAND SWITCHING OPERATIONS .......................................................................................................91
15.4 SWITCHING CAPABILITY .............................................................................................................................91
15.5 PRIORITY OF PROTECTION SWITCHING .....................................................................................................91
15.6 ALIGNMENT SPECIFICATION .......................................................................................................................91
15.7 SWITCHING CRITERIA, RX..........................................................................................................................91
15.7.1 Continuity criteria ............................................................................................................................91
15.7.2 Quality criteria .................................................................................................................................92
15.8 SWITCHING OPERATION TIME, RX .............................................................................................................92
15.9 SWITCHING CRITERIA AND SWITCHING OPERATION TIME, TX ...................................................................92
16. MANAGEMENT SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS...................................................................................93
16.1 GENERAL ...................................................................................................................................................93
16.2 EVENT LOGGING ........................................................................................................................................93
16.3 MONITORING OF SYSTEM PERFORMANCE .................................................................................................94
16.3.1 System performance calculations ................................................................................................94
16.3.2 Performance record logging..........................................................................................................94
16.4 SECURITY MANAGEMENT ...........................................................................................................................94
16.4.1 Security event logging....................................................................................................................94
16.5 MANAGEMENT SYSTEM COMMUNICATION .................................................................................................95
16.5.1 Management LAN interface ..........................................................................................................95
16.5.2 USB interface ..................................................................................................................................95
16.5.3 Data Communication Channel DCC ............................................................................................95
16.5.4 64 kb/s point to point channels .....................................................................................................96
16.5.5 DCN network ...................................................................................................................................96
16.5.6 Inband Management Access ........................................................................................................97
16.6 EMBEDDED SNMP AGENT ........................................................................................................................97
16.6.1 Standard MIBs Supported .............................................................................................................97
17. PHYSICAL INTERFACES .........................................................................................................................98
17.1 INTERFACE CHARACTERISTICS 155 MBIT/S ELECTRICAL .........................................................................98
17.2 INTERFACE CHARACTERISTICS 155 MBIT/S OPTICAL - INTERMEDIATE REACH........................................98

17.3 INTERFACE CHARACTERISTICS 155 MBIT/S OPTICAL - LONG REACH 1300NM ........................................98
17.4 INTERFACE CHARACTERISTICS 155 MBIT/S OPTICAL - LONG REACH 1500NM ........................................98
17.5 INTERFACE CHARACTERISTICS 155 MBIT/S OPTICAL – MULTI MODE ......................................................99
17.6 INTERFACE CHARACTERISTICS 622 MBIT/S OPTICAL - INTERMEDIATE REACH ........................................99
17.7 INTERFACE CHARACTERISTICS 1.5 MBIT/S ...............................................................................................99
17.8 INTERFACE CHARACTERISTICS 2 MBIT/S ..................................................................................................99
17.9 INTERFACE CHARACTERISTICS 34 MBIT/S ................................................................................................99
17.10 INTERFACE CHARACTERISTICS 45 MBIT/S ..........................................................................................100
17.11 2.048 MHZ SYNCHRONISATION INPUT/OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS ..................................................100
17.12 10/100 BASE-TX ...............................................................................................................................100
17.13 1000 BASE-T .....................................................................................................................................100
17.14 1000 BASE-LX...................................................................................................................................100
17.15 1000 BASE-SX ..................................................................................................................................100
17.16 64 KB/S CHANNEL CHARACTERISTICS .................................................................................................101
17.17 SERVICE TELEPHONE/ORDERWIRE INTERFACES ...............................................................................101
17.17.1 OE1 and OE2 Interfaces: ............................................................................................................101
17.17.2 4 Wire Interface:............................................................................................................................101
17.18 ALARM AND CONTROL INTERFACES....................................................................................................102
17.18.1 External alarm input interfaces: ..................................................................................................102
17.18.2 Relay output interfaces: ...............................................................................................................102
17.18.3 Analogue Input Interfaces:...........................................................................................................102
18. ENVIRONMENTAL ...................................................................................................................................103
18.1 ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY CONDITIONS (EMC) .....................................................................103
18.2 SAFETY CONDITIONS ...............................................................................................................................103
18.3 ROHS AND WEEE COMPLIANCE ............................................................................................................103
18.4 ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ................................................................................................................103
18.4.1 Outdoor Enclosure Protection.....................................................................................................103
19. MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS.....................................................................................................104
19.1 INSTALLATION ..........................................................................................................................................104
19.2 DIMENSIONS.............................................................................................................................................104
19.3 W EIGHTS .................................................................................................................................................104
20. POWER SUPPLY AND CONSUMPTION .............................................................................................105
21. INTEGRATED ANTENNAS .....................................................................................................................106
22. REFERENCES...........................................................................................................................................107
23. TERMINOLOGY ........................................................................................................................................109
APPENDIX 1 – ODU/DIPLEXER SUB-BAND RANGE ....................................................................................111

List of figures Page
Figure 2-1 ODU based system .............................................................................................................................. 17
Figure 2-2 Long Haul Indoor Mounted system, 7+1/8+0.................................................................................... 18
Figure 2-3 Long Haul Split Mount system, 3+1/4+0 ........................................................................................... 19
Figure 3-1 SDH/SONET Ring Network................................................................................................................. 20
Figure 3-2 SDH Mapping and Multiplexing .......................................................................................................... 23
Figure 3-3 SONET Mapping and Multiplexing ..................................................................................................... 23
Figure 3-4 SDH and SONET STM-4/OC-12 Mapping........................................................................................ 24
Figure 3-5 DXC Unit Figure 3-6 DXC Frame........................................................................................... 24
Figure 3-7 1+0 and HSB Terminals with Multiplexer .......................................................................................... 27
Figure 3-8 Two Directions 1+0............................................................................................................................... 27
Figure 3-9 Two Directions HSB and 2+0.............................................................................................................. 28
Figure 3-10 Four Directions 1+0 and HSB........................................................................................................... 28
Figure 3-11 n+1 or n+0 Terminal with DXC – 2x155 Mb/s ................................................................................ 29
Figure 3-12 n+1 or n+0 Terminal with DXC – 4x155 Mb/s ................................................................................ 29
Figure 3-13 Point to point links, STM-4/OC-12 ................................................................................................... 30
Figure 3-14 Two directions STM-4/OC-12 to STM-1/OC-3 ................................................................................ 30
Figure 3-15 Four directions STM-4/OC-12 to STM-1/OC-3 ............................................................................... 30
Figure 3-16 Port to Link Mapping - Multiple E-Line............................................................................................. 32
Figure 3-17 VLAN Switch mode ............................................................................................................................ 33
Figure 4-1 XPAND Node Site with Spur Links..................................................................................................... 36
Figure 4-2 XPAND Terminal, TDM ....................................................................................................................... 40
Figure 4-3 XPAND Terminal, Ethernet only or Ethernet & TDM....................................................................... 40
Figure 4-4 XPAND Node two directions, unprotected ........................................................................................ 40
Figure 4-5 XPAND Nodes, Two directions-protected, Four directions-unprotected ...................................... 41
Figure 5-1 System Block Diagram 1+0 Terminal ................................................................................................ 43
Figure 5-2 System Block Diagram 1+1 HSB/FD Terminal ................................................................................ 43
Figure 5-3 System Block Diagram 2+0 Terminal ................................................................................................ 44
Figure 5-4 System Block Diagram Space Diversity Terminal ........................................................................... 44
Figure 5-5 System Block Diagram CCDP Terminal............................................................................................ 45
Figure 5-6 System Block Diagram 3+1/4+0 Terminal ........................................................................................ 45
Figure 5-7 System Block Diagram 7+1/8+0 Terminal ........................................................................................ 46
Figure 5-8 System Block Diagram Long Haul 7+1/8+0 Terminal ..................................................................... 47
Figure 5-9 Branching Diagrams 1+1/2+0 and 3+1/4+0 Dual Polarized ........................................................... 48
Figure 5-10 Branching diagrams 7+1/8+0 and 3+1 Space Diveristy................................................................ 48
Figure 6-1 Principle block diagram for a split mount radio system with Diplexer ........................................... 52
Figure 6-2 Principle block diagram for a radio system with RF Branching...................................................... 52
Figure 6-3 System loop backs ............................................................................................................................... 54
Figure 12-1 XCVR and ODU.................................................................................................................................. 81
Figure 12-2 IFU, 1+0 system ................................................................................................................................. 82
Figure 12-3 Slot Matrix Universal IFU.................................................................................................................... 82
Figure 12-4 Access IFU, 1+0 terminal.................................................................................................................. 83
Figure 16-1 IP Router Overview ............................................................................................................................. 95
Figure 16-2 Data Communication Network........................................................................................................... 96
Figure 16-3 Inband Management XPAND and METRO ..................................................................................... 97

List of tables Page
Table 3-1 Synchronisation quality levels................................................................................................................25
Table 3-2 Utilisation of SOH bytes .........................................................................................................................26
Table 3-3 Ethernet Packet Latency – VC-4 mapping ..........................................................................................35
Table 3-4 Ethernet Throughput METRO ...............................................................................................................35
Table 4-1 PXC Connections....................................................................................................................................36
Table 4-2 IFU Configurations, XPAND ..................................................................................................................37
Table 4-3 Ethernet Packet Latency XPAND .........................................................................................................38
Table 4-4 Ethernet Throughput XPAND ................................................................................................................39
Table 6-1 Transmission Capacity Overview ETSI Data rates ............................................................................49
Table 6-2 Transmission Capacity Overview ANSI Data rates............................................................................49
Table 6-3 Frequency bands ETSI...........................................................................................................................51
Table 6-4 Frequency bands ANSI ..........................................................................................................................51
Table 6-5 ETSI Equipment Class ...........................................................................................................................53
Table 6-6 System delay ...........................................................................................................................................53
Table 6-7 MTBF Figures..........................................................................................................................................55
Table 7-1 Maximum input signal level....................................................................................................................57
Table 7-2 System signature 155 Mb/s Long Haul Systems................................................................................58
Table 7-3 System signature 155 Mb/s and 311 Mb/s - ODU..............................................................................58
Table 7-4 System signature 100-8 Mb/s ETSI......................................................................................................58
Table 7-5 System signature values 125-6 Mb/sANSI ..........................................................................................59
Table 7-6 Co-Channel Interference Sensitivity 155 and 311 Mb/s ....................................................................60
Table 7-7 Co-Channel Interference Sensitivity ETSI rates .................................................................................60
Table 7-8 Co-Channel Interference Sensitivity ANSI rates.................................................................................60
Table 7-9 Adjacent Interference Sensitivity 155 and 311 Mb/s ..........................................................................61
Table 7-10 Adjacent Channel Interference Sensitivity – ETSI rates..................................................................61
Table 7-11 Adjacent Channel Interference Sensitivity ANSI rates.....................................................................61
Table 8-1 Nominal output power Standard Power ODU .....................................................................................63
Table 8-2 Nominal output power High Power ODU .............................................................................................63
Table 8-3 Receiver threshold, 155 Mb/s in ~28 MHz channel............................................................................64
Table 8-4 Receiver threshold, 155 Mb/s in 40 MHz channel ..............................................................................64
Table 8-8 System gain standard power .................................................................................................................66
Table 8-9 System gain high power .........................................................................................................................66
Table 9-1 Nominal output power Long Haul System, 155 Mb/s.........................................................................67
Table 9-2 Receiver threshold, 155 Mb/s................................................................................................................67
Table 9-5 System gain high power .........................................................................................................................68
Table 10-1 Nominal output power Standard Power ODU ...................................................................................69
Table 10-2 Nominal output power High Power ODU ...........................................................................................69
Table 10-3 Nominal output power LC ODU ..........................................................................................................70
Table 10-4 Receiver threshold 50xE1 in 28 MHz channel..................................................................................70
Table 10-11 Receiver threshold 8xE1 in 7 MHz channel ....................................................................................72
Table 10-12 Receiver threshold 4xE1 in 7 MHz channel ....................................................................................72
Table 10-13 System gain Standard Power - ETSI ...............................................................................................73
Table 10-14 System gain high power - ETSI ........................................................................................................74
Table 11-1 Nominal output power Standard Power ODU ...................................................................................75

Table 11-2 Nominal output power High Power ODU........................................................................................... 76
Table 11-3 Receiver thresholds 80xT1.................................................................................................................. 77
Table 11-4 Receiver thresholds 64xT1.................................................................................................................. 77
Table 11-5 Receiver threshold 32xT1.................................................................................................................... 77
Table 11-8 Receiver threshold 8xT1 in 10 MHz channel .................................................................................... 78
Table 11-9 Receiver threshold 4xT1 in 5 MHz channel ...................................................................................... 78
Table 11-10 System gain Standard Power - ANSI............................................................................................... 79
Table 11-11 System gain High Power - ANSI....................................................................................................... 80
Table 12-1 Access IFUs, XPAND........................................................................................................................... 83
Table 13-1 RF-Coupler loss .................................................................................................................................... 87
Table 13-2 Branching loss....................................................................................................................................... 87
Table 13-3 RF-Filter characteristics....................................................................................................................... 88
Table 13-4 ODU flanges and waveguide .............................................................................................................. 89
Table 13-5 Long Haul Branching flanges and waveguide ................................................................................. 89
Table 14-1 Cable lengths, IFU-ODU cable ........................................................................................................... 90
Table 15-1 Switching operation time...................................................................................................................... 92
Table 20-1 Power consumption terminal............................................................................................................. 105
Table 20-2 Maximum power consumption units................................................................................................. 105

1. INTRODUCTION
The Nera Evolution Series microwave radio dramatically changes the operations for wireless
transmission network owners. With the ability of a common platform architecture, which is fully
software configurable; transmission capacity, system configurations and transmission interfaces can be
changed to adapt to future needs. Evolution Series dramatically reduces the cost of ownership. With
significantly reduced number of parts and high MTBF Evolution Series ensures maximum uptime and
low maintenance.
The Evolution Series microwave radio system is designed to transmit data rates from about 6 Mb/s to
1550 Mb/s, in the frequency bands from 5 GHz to 40 GHz. The configuration of capacity and modulation
is software configurable, giving an optimal balance between system gain and spectral efficiency.
Network operators can with the Universal IFU system easily future proof the network as the microwave
radio can easily adapt to the evolution of the transmission network. Growing traffic and the convergence
of network technologies causes changing requirements, such as capacity upgrades, change of
transmission systems between PDH, SDH/SONET and pure Ethernet; all this is simply implemented by
software configuration change and change of interface units. The available interfaces range from E1, T1,
E3, DS3, STM-1/OC-3 and STM-4/OC-12 to 10/100BASE-TX and Gigabit Ethernet.
The Evolution Series product can be configured to work in two different modes, METRO (SDH based)
and XPAND (Hybrid Ethernet/PDH based). In both modes it is possible to either have a split mounted
system with IFU and ODU or an optimized long haul system with low loss RF-branching providing the
best system gain for high capacity systems. Payload capacity on each RF channel is configurable and is
enabled by SW licences. With the Universal IFU changes and upgrades can be done by the user without
HW changes to the basic IFU platform.
The Universal IFU is used in METRO and in XPAND when more than 16 E1/T1 interfaces and/or more
directions are needed. In addition the Access IFUs with fixed interfaces and one antenna direction are
available.
In the following the main features for each configuration mode is described
METRO features (ETSI and ANSI)

• 155 Mb/s and 311Mb/s transmission capacity per XCVR/ODU
• Configurations from 1+0 and HSB up to 7+1 and 10+0
• CCDP configuration with XPIC
• 28, 40, 50 and 56 MHz BW
• Options for embedded ADM mux / X-connect
• TDM traffic : 63xE1, 3xE3/DS3, 64xT1
• STM-1/OC-3 and STM-4/OC-12
• Advanced Ethernet : 4xFE and 1xGbE with QoS, nxVC12(VT1.5), nxVC-3(STS-1) or nxVC-
4(STS-3-3c) mapping
• Traffic Node with 4 radio directions, SNCP with Ring, Chain, Star or Mesh topology
• Low loss multi channel Long Haul system, including combiner Space Diversity XCVR

XPAND features, Universal IFU (ETSI)
• Scalable 8, 16, 32, 40, 56, 80, 100, 150 Mb/s transmission capacity (4, 8, 16, 20, 28 40, 50,
75xE1)
• 7, 14, 28 and 40 MHz BW
• 1+0 and HSB/1+1 Configuration with Space Diversity option
• Mix of Ethernet and E1s
• Ethernet 1xFE, scalable with 2 Mbit/s granularity up to 100Mb/s
• Embedded E1 cross-connect
• Ring protection for E1s,, based on SNCP
• STM-1 interface for direct connection to a SDH based network
• Low loss Long Haul system available
XPAND features, Access IFU (ETSI)

• Scalable 8, 16, 32, 40, 56, 80 and 100 Mb/s transmission capacity
• 7, 14 and 28 MHz BW
• Mix of Ethernet and E1s, scalable with 2 Mbit/s granularity
• IFU1: 4E1
• IFU2: 16E1 + 2 x Fast Ethernet + 64kb/s
XPAND features Universal IFU (ANSI)

• Scalable 6, 12, 22, 24, 50, 100, 125 and 150 Mb/s transmission capacity (4, 8, 14, 16, 32, 64, 80,
96xT1)
• 5, 10, 20 and 30 MHz BW
• Mix of Ethernet and T1s
• Ethernet 1xFE, scalable with 1.5 Mbit/s granularity up to 100Mb/s.
• Embedded T1 cross-connect
• Ring protection for T1s (also T1’s carrying Ethernet traffic), based on SNCP
• OC-3/STS-3 interface for direct connection to a SONET based network
• Low loss Long Haul system available
XPAND features, Access IFU (ANSI)

• Scalable 6, 12, 22, 24, 50 or 100 Mb/s transmission capacity
• 5, 10 and 20 MHz BW
• Mix of Ethernet and T1s scalable with 1.5 Mbit/s granularity
• IFU1: 4T1 + 2 x Fast Ethernet
• IFU2: 16E1 + 2 x Fast Ethernet + 64kb/s
The Evolution Series is an integrated part of Nera’s wide product portfolio, from the leading microwave
specialist. The product portfolio covers products for all type of professional wireless carrier systems.
Nera’s microwave experience dates back more than 50 years, with a leading position in this field. The
Evolution Series radio is integrated in Nera’s new EM/NMS system, NetMaster.

1.1 Features
The Evolution Series microwave radio utilises the latest advanced technology, a high degree of RF
circuit integration, using Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuits (MMIC), combined with advanced
direct RF modulation, enabling a broadband, revolutionary compact design for a high power microwave
module. The patented technology enables a revolutionary low power consumption and high reliability
due to fewer parts in the radio unit.
The modem contains multidimensional coded modulation, combined with a powerful block code. The
resulting two-stage error correction improves system margin over traditional single FEC systems such as
QAM, TCM or MLCM. The modem is extremely flexible, enabling an optimum configuration for all
capacities and channel plans.
The XVCR can be used for all transmission capacities and covers the whole band, both high and low
part. The same XCVR is used in both Split Mount Access Systems and Long Haul Systems. For Long
Haul Combiner Space Diversity XCVR is also available.
Split Mount Access Systems are using an ODU Unit which consists of the XVCR and a Diplexer Unit.
Most frequency bands can be covered by four ODU variants for the whole band. The frequency setting is
easy and is performed locally or remotely by the LCT function. The ODU can for most frequency bands
be mounted directly on the antenna, both in unprotected and protected configurations. The ODU can also
be mounted on the antenna pole, using a short flexible waveguide to the antenna.
The InterFace Unit (IFU) is an extremely modular system, catering for the various system configurations
and traffic interfaces by plug-in units. The IFU can easily be expanded from a single channel system up
to a traffic node handling up to 8 ODU/XCVRs. The IFU contains the user interfaces, baseband
processing and multiplexing, management and radio interface.
The demodulator contains an integrated digital interference canceller, which can be used to provide the
XPIC function, enabling two carriers to be transmitted over the same frequency, using dual polarised
antennas.
The optional embedded ADM/DXC function provides multiplexing for user traffic into the STM-1/OC-3
signal. In traffic node systems, the digital cross connect (DXC) routes the user traffic between the various
link directions without the need for cabling or external multiplexers. Chain, ring, star and mesh
topologies are supported, with individual choice of unprotected or protected (SNCP) traffic circuits. The
multiplexer supports a mix of traffic types, such as E1, T1, E3, DS3 and Ethernet.
In XPAND mode an embedded PDH cross-connect allows flexible routing of Ethernet traffic and X-
connect of E1/T1-traffic between the radio interfaces and the user interfaces.

1.2 Network Applications
The Evolution Series microwave radio is ideally suited for a wide range of applications. Due to the
flexibility in configurations, the choice of traffic interfaces and the capacity scalability, it can easily
adapt to the specific requirements of a given network application. The flexibility and ease- of upgrade,
future proof the investment, as the equipment can grow with the increasing traffic demand as well as
easily adapt to other transmission technologies.
Mobile (BTS) Backhaul

- The Evolution Series microwave radio is ideal for demanding and critical application such as
backhaul of BTS traffic. Where loss of traffic directly results in loss of revenue, reliability and
maximum uptime are critical parameters for the network operator. The Evolution Series reliable and
flexible architecture as well as high system gain, ensures increased availability of the offered
services, and a secured revenue stream. The optional embedded ADM multiplexer and cross-connect
enables routing of traffic without the need for external cabling. Further, the traffic circuits can be
individually protected via ring or mesh topologies, and various traffic types can be mixed, sharing the
transmission capacity of the radio. The radio can be configured for a wide range of capacities,
ensuring an optimal utilization of the available spectrum as well as capabilities for upgrading when
traffic demand increases or new services are introduced.
- With the introduction of new mobile technologies (3G), as an overlay network or a Greenfield
installation, the aggregate capacity demand typically raise above 16xE/T1. High density PDH and/or
SDH radios are needed, and a common platform system, represent large savings in the network
operation, compared to more traditional network designs.
#$% &$ '
* " )
( + *, +" '
!"
!( " )

Long Haul Trunk Systems
- For long haul applications where high capacity and high availability is crucial the low loss optimized
RF-branching system is the best choice. These systems are the choice when the need is multiple
STM-1/OC-3, STM-4/OC-12 or Gigabit Ethernet connections. Integrated ADM is also available,
enabling access to TDM tributaries without the need for external multiplexer. Applications can be
pure backbone radio transmission networks and also back-up links for fibre connections or closing of
rings where fibre can not be used.
LMDS/FWA Backhaul
- LMDS/FWA backhaul. The Evolution Series radio is well suited for backhaul of traffic from Point-to-
MultiPoint radio access systems like WiMax. With a selectable capacity, ranging from about 20 Mb/s
to 600Mb/s, the Evolution Series radio can easily be deployed in small network as well as in larger
constellations and networks with several sites linked together. The choice of pure Ethernet/Gigabit
Ethernet, 155Mb/s SDH/SONET, or a combination of TDM (E1/T1/E3/DS3) with Ethernet/Gigabit
Ethernet, makes the Evolution Series suitable for any FWA network installation.
- DSLAM backhaul. The introduction of xDSL services can in some cases uncover a new challenge.
The local transmission network may only be dimensioned for the POTS traffic and is not suited for
high speed data. Upgrading the local network to fibre might not be feasible due to time and/or cost of
such upgrade. The Evolution Series microwave radio offers an easy and flexible solution to this
challenge. The Evolution Series microwave radio can offer backhaul of the DSLAM to the optical
backbone network, whether the network interfaces are PDH, ATM/SDH/SONET or Ethernet/Gigabit
Ethernet. With the Evolution Series radio, the various traffic types are catered for merely by change
of interface units.
,
*" ! 1 ' ,
' % ' -'
) '
0 /
)
"
)
!! . / '

Private Networks Operators
- Corporate/Campus Networks. The Evolution Series radio is a good alternative to more common
unlicensed microwave solutions. With higher capacity, choice of pure Ethernet/Gigabit Ethernet,
155Mb/s SDH/SONET, or a combination of TDM (E1/T1/E3/DS3) with Ethernet/Gigabit Ethernet,
makes the Evolution Series suitable for most private networks, whether they are carrying legacy
services or data only. Flexibility and simplicity, combined with a predictable reliability, proves for
many network owners to be an unbeatable combination.
' ,
% ' "
!
) ' 1
"
) '
( "
'"

2. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION GENERAL
The Evolution Series microwave radio system has the option of an ODU based system or a Long Haul
RF-branching based system. The same basic units like XCVR, IFU and interface cards are used in both
systems. Further the system has two configuration modes METRO (SDH/SONET) and XPAND
(Scalable PDH/Ethernet). The embedded SW can handle both modes and the choice of mode is done
during terminal configuration.
ODU based systems

These systems comprise indoor part (IFU), outdoor part (ODU) and antenna. The IFU and each ODU is
interconnected with coaxial cable which carries transmit and receive user traffic, management
communication between the IFU and ODU, and the power supply to the ODU. The ODU can be mounted
directly to the antenna or to a pole when this is needed.
Figure 2-1 ODU based system

Optimised Long haul systems
These systems are most commonly all indoor mounted but a split mounted version is also available. The
system comprises one to five IFUs with interface units and power supply connection to the system, up to
ten XCVRs and the RF branching system. Connection to the antenna is by elliptical WG. Among
available features are Combiner Space Diversity, Co-channel operation, Adjacent channel operation and
integrated ADM/DXC. The indoor system is mounted in a 19” rack. The split mount version has an
outdoor branching box with capacity of four XCVRs, also with the options of Combiner Space Diversity
and Co-channel operation. In this configuration the connection between indoor and outdoor part is by
coaxial cable like in the other ODU based systems.
Figure 2-2 Long Haul Indoor Mounted system, 7+1/8+0

Figure 2-3 Long Haul Split Mount system, 3+1/4+0

3. METRO SYSTEM DESCRIPTION – ACCESS & LONG HAUL
Evolution Series METRO is a high capacity system configuration with transmission capacity of 155 or
311 Mb/s per XCVR/ODU and up to 10x155 Mb/s per link. CCDP configuration with XPIC is available
in all frequency bands for all modulation schemes. The transmission protocols are SDH or SONET.
Ethernet traffic is transported using the Ethernet over SDH standards; GFP, VCAT and LCAS.
The equipment can be configured for a wide range of network configurations including terminal and
traffic node with two, three or four antenna directions with Add/Drop and digital x-connect of traffic
between the directions.
Figure 3-1 SDH/SONET Ring Network
Terminals with E1,T1,E3 and DS3 interfaces or Nodes with Add/Drop and x-connect of traffic requires
DXC function, either by using the plug in DXC unit, handling four directions, or the larger DXC Frame
with eight directions, where four can be radio directions and four interface units.
Terminals with STM-4/OC-12 interface can be used in a point to point topology or in a node
configuration where the STM-4/OC-12 signal is split into STM-1/OC-3 signals transmitted in different
directions. See examples in chapter 3.6
For terminals with only STM-1/OC-3, Ethernet or STM-4/OC-12 interfaces the Link Configurations
described in chapter 5 can be used as references. Combination of the mentioned interfaces is possible.

3.1 Link Configurations
The following link configurations are available for XCVR/ODU configured with 155 Mb/s capacity and
ODU configured with 311 Mb/s capacity.
• 1+0
• 1+1 HSB/FD
• 1+1 HSB/FD - Space Diversity
• 2+0 (DF-SP) Adjacent channels supported.
• 2+0 (SF-DP) with XPIC
Additional link configurations are available for XCVR/ODUs configured with 155 Mb/s capacity
• 1+1 HSB/FD - Dual Baseband
• n+1 (1+1 to 7+1)
• n+0 (1+0 to 10+0)
Space Diversity with IF combiner is available for all long haul configurations with branching, both
indoor and with ODU branching box.
The Link Configurations are detailed in chapter 5
3.2 Node Configurations

Node configurations with two traffic directions are available for all configurations and traffic can be
dropped from four channels, E1 Tributaries per site are 200 and T1 tributaries are 128. Nodes with three
or four directions are available for links with 1+0/1+1/HSB configurations, number of tributaries is 100
E1s or 64T1s.
Node configuration examples are included in chapter 3.5
XCVR/ODU Node
Configuration
capacity Directions
1+0/1+1/HSB 155 Mb/s 4
2+0 to 10+0 155 Mb/s 2
n+1, n=1 to 7 155 Mb/s 2
1+0/1+1/HSB 311 Mb/s 2
3.3 User Interfaces

The system can handle a mix of both TDM traffic and Ethernet traffic, available interface units are:
• STM-1/OC-3 electrical or optical.
• STM-4/OC-12
• 12xE1 and 25xE1
• 8xT1 and 16xT1
• 3xE3/DS3
• Ethernet (4x10/100BASE-TX, 1000BASE-T and 1000BASE-X (SFP))
E1, T1, E3 and DS3 interfaces requires DXC.

STM-4/OC-12 links with distribution to STM-1/OC-3 requires DXC.
Available auxiliary interfaces are: E1/T1 Wayside, 64 kb/s, EOW and External Alarm and Controls.

3.3.1 64 kb/s auxiliary channels and EOW
Interfaces for 64 kb/s Auxiliary channels are available at the EOW Unit and the separate 64 kb/s Unit.
The 64 Kb/s channels can be transported in available channels in the SOH/TOH or in two channels in the
NERA Frame. Maximum five channels for EOW and 64 kb/s can be allocated per main channel. The
units can also be used to set up a management 64 kb/s Point to Point connection over radio, line or
external 64 kb/s line. For more details see the unit descriptions.
3.3.2 E1 and T1 Wayside channel

The E1 or T1 Wayside channel is transported in the SOH/TOH. The E1/T1 Wayside Unit is required for
G.703 interface. This unit handles two channels, which can either be used to transmit E1/T1Wayside
channel in to two channels or to through connect a Wayside channel from one direction to another.
See chapter 3.4.7 for more details about use of SOH/TOH.
3.3.2.1 Ethernet Wayside

The 2 Mb/s wayside capacity can be used to carry Ethernet traffic. The LAN2 port at the SU is used as
interface. The Ethernet packets are mapped into the SOH/TOH. See chapter 3.4.7 for more details about
use of SOH/TOH.
3.3.3 External Alarm and Controls

See unit description. Chapter 12.11

3.4 SDH/SONET Features and DXC Functionality
3.4.1 Mapping and multiplexing DXC Unit & DXC Frame

The equipment supports both SDH and SONET mapping. For Ethernet traffic, GFP mapping is used. See
chapter 4.2.2 for more details.
The DXC supports SDH and SONET Mapping and multiplexing of E1, E3 and DS3 according to Figure
3-2 and Figure 3-3.
Figure 3-2 SDH Mapping and Multiplexing
Figure 3-3 SONET Mapping and Multiplexing

3.4.2 Mapping and multiplexing STM-4/OC-12
A terminal with STM-4/OC-12 interface supports Mapping and multiplexing according to Figure 3-4. If
the payload contains four individual STM-1/OC-3 signals the payload may be partially populated. This
allows the use of the STM-4/OC-12 interface on a link with lower capacity. If the payload is a
concatenated signal a link capacity of 622 Mb/s is mandatory.
Figure 3-4 SDH and SONET STM-4/OC-12 Mapping
3.4.3 Cross-connect support

The DXC Unit or the larger DXC Frame provides the SDH/SONET multiplexer functionality.
It can be configured as terminal, ADM with two transmission directions or as X-connect with up to four
transmission directions. It can also be used without ODU as a DXC terminal. The node has a non-
blocking cross-connect capability at VT1.5, VC-12, VC-3/STS-1 and VC-4/STS-3 levels with a total
cross-connect capacity of 4×VC-4/STS-3 (DXC Unit) and 8×VC-4/STS-3 (DXC Frame). The data traffic
can be a mix of TDM and Ethernet.
%&# '&# '&#
" # $ " ( )
%&# '&# %&# '&#
%&# '&# %&#
Figure 3-5 DXC Unit Figure 3-6 DXC Frame
3.4.3.1 Sub Network Connection Protection

In a ring or mesh topology the traffic signals can be protected by SNCP. This is done by transmitting the
relevant VC/SPE in both directions in the ring. At the receive direction, the available or better-quality
signal is selected.
The following switching criteria are used:

• AU/TU AIS and AU/TU LOP alarms
• Path error performance
• Unequipped Signal and Trace Identifier at VC level
• User Command from the LCT or from EM/NMS.
The protected VC-n/SPEs circuits can be selected from any STM-1/STS-3 signal connected to the DXC.

3.4.4 Synchronisation
The terminal contains an optional SETS function included in the DXC. In RST mode the SETS function
is not required and the incoming 155 Mb/s signal is transmitted without re-timing. Transmit and receive
directions are independent from each other and can have different timing sources.
In MST mode the SETS function is providing the equipment clock. The SETS function can be
synchronised to one of the following sources:
• 155 Mbit/s signal from line or radio direction
• 2 MHz clock input
• One selectable 2 or 1.5 Mbit/s tributary input signal
• Internal oscillator (free running)
The user sets the available synchronisation references sources in priority order. The highest quality
source is used to synchronise the equipment clock, but if there are several sources available with equally
high quality, the source with higher priority is used. If a timing source is not available (loss of signal) or
its timing signal is outside tolerances, the SETS function will select the next available source with the
highest quality.
3.4.4.1 Synchronisation status messaging

Synchronisation status messaging can be used to ensure that the best available timing source will be used.
The messaging is also used to prevent timing loops in SDH ring and mesh networks. The status
messaging is transferred in the S1 byte in the Section Overhead.
The synchronisation status quality levels are shown in the table below.
Abbr. ETSI Ref. Quality

G.811 QL_PRC Primary Reference Clock (PRC) defined in ITU-T rec. G.811
G.812T QL_SSU T Transit node clock defined in ITU-T rec. G.812
G.812L QL_SSU L Local node clock defined in ITU-T rec. G.812
SETS QL_SEC Synchronous Equipment Timing Source (internal oscillator)
Do Not Use QL_DNU Do not use for synchronisation (to prevent timing loops)
Table 3-1 Synchronisation quality levels
In case the synchronisation status message is not contained in the synchronisation input signal, for
example in the external 2 MHz or in 2/1.5 Mbit/s tributary input signal, the quality level can be defined
manually by the operator.
3.4.5 Section Termination

The radio channel can be configured with RS- or MS-termination according to ITU-T Rec.G.783. When
the radio is configured with DXC or tributary units, the radio will always be configured for MS-
termination. When the equipment is not equipped with DXC or tributary units it will be configured with
RS-termination and the radio link is a regeneration section.
3.4.6 Scrambling / descrambling functions

The system contains both a STM-1/STS-3 scrambler/descrambler according to ITU-T Rec. G.707 and a
radio specific scrambler/descrambler, which randomises the transmitted digital signal in order to make
the RF power spectrum as uniform as possible, irrespective of the transmitted data.

3.4.7 Section/Transport Overhead (SOH/TOH)
Use of TOH/SOH is according to ITU-T Rec. G.707.
Access to bytes in MSOH at a regenerator is according to ITU-R Rec.750. A description is given in Table
3-2: Shaded bytes can be used for 2Mb/s, 1.5 Mb/s or Ethernet wayside channel. These bytes and the E1,
E2, F1, MS#1-3, Z1#1-2, or Z2#2 bytes can be used as 64 kb/s user channels. Maximum three 64 kb/s
channels can be allocated per SOH/TOH. In addition there are two user channels in the NERA Frame
overhead.
A1 A1 A1 A2 A2 A2 J0 N N
RSOH: B1 MS#1 MS#2 E1 X X F1 N N
D1 MS#3 X D2 X X D3 X X
H1 H1 H1 H2 H2 H2 H3 H3 H3
B2 B2 B2 K1 X X K2 X X
D4 X X D5 X X D6 X X
MSOH:
D7 X X D8 X X D9 X X
D10 X X D11 X X D12 X X
S1 Z1#1 Z1#2 Z2#1 Z2#2 M1 E2 N N
Table 3-2 Utilisation of SOH bytes
3.4.8 SOH/TOH Frameword and bytes

The first nine bytes in the frame (row 1 in SOH/TOH) are unscrambled according to ITU-T Rec. G.707.
A1: Frameword (11110110)

A2: Frameword (00101000)
N: Bytes reserved for national use. Used for wayside or user channel
J0: Regenerator Section Trace
B1: BIP-8 (Bit Interleaved Parity-8) (RST)
B2: BIP-24 (Bit Interleaved Parity-24) (MST)
MS#1-3: Media specific bytes. User channel
E1-byte: User channel
F1-byte: User channel
H1-H3: AU/SPE-pointers.
K1/K2-byte: Bytes for APS signalling. MSP function is not implemented
K2 (b6-b8) MS-Remote Defect Indication
D1-D3 bytes: Embedded control channel - Regenerator, ECCr
D4-D12 bytes: Embedded Control Channel - Multiplexer -ECC-M
S1-byte: Synchronisation Status Message
Z1/Z2-byte: User channel
M1-byte: Remote Error Identifier (MS-REI)
E2-byte: User channel

3.5 METRO Terminal and Node Configurations with DXC
Figure 3-7 1+0 and HSB Terminals with Multiplexer
Figure 3-8 Two Directions 1+0

Figure 3-9 Two Directions HSB and 2+0
' *
" ( )
%&#
'&#
'&#
&(#
#
'&#
'&#
&(#
%&#
%&#
"
%&#
%&# " ( )
Figure 3-10 Four Directions 1+0 and HSB

! !
+ !
"
,,
- "
-
Figure 3-11 n+1 or n+0 Terminal with DXC – 2x155 Mb/s
! !
+ !
+ !
" "
,, ,,
- " - "
- -
Figure 3-12 n+1 or n+0 Terminal with DXC – 4x155 Mb/s

3.6 METRO STM-4/OC-12 Terminals
Terminals with STM-4/OC-12 interface can be used in point to point links with either STM-4/OC-12 at
both ends or with STM-1/OC-3 interface at one end. See Figure 3-13.
It is also possible to split the STM-4/OC-12 signal into STM-1/OC-3 signals and transmit them in
different directions. See Figure 3-14 and Figure 3-15.
-++ ! -++ !
' '
' ' " "
+ + +
Figure 3-13 Point to point links, STM-4/OC-12
Figure 3-14 Two directions STM-4/OC-12 to STM-1/OC-3

!
!
!
!
Figure 3-15 Four directions STM-4/OC-12 to STM-1/OC-3

3.8 Ethernet features
3.8.1 Ethernet over SDH/SONET Mapping

Ethernet traffic is in METRO mode transported over the radio link by mapping Ethernet traffic into
SDH/SONET containers. Standardised GFP-F mapping with Null Extension Header according to ITU-T
G.7041/Y.1303 is applied. Payload Frame Check Sequence is not used (PFI=0). Mapping into VC-12,
VT1.5, VC-3 and VC-4 containers are supported. The transmission capacity is scalable from one
VT1.5/VC-12 to four VC-4 (600 Mb/s).
3.8.2 VCAT and LCAS support

Evolution Series METRO supports virtual concatenation and LCAS according to (ITU-T
G.7042/Y.1305). Four VC-groups are supported. The members of the VC-group must be of the same
type. The following groups are available:
• VC-12 x n, where n=1..64
• VT1.5 x n, where n=1..64
• VC-3 x n, where n=1..12
• VC-4 x n, where n=1..4
The LCAS protocol implemented covers the following functions:

• Automatically temporary removal of a faulty VCAT member.
• Automatically insertion of a temporary removed VCAT member when the fault is repaired.

3.8.3 Ethernet services
The Ethernet Unit provides two types of E-line services. Either a port to ODU/XCVR tunnelling mode
providing multiple E-Lines or a Switch mode with one WAN port and four LAN ports.
3.8.3.1 Multiple E-Line

With Port mapping each individual Ethernet port forms a separate channel through the link. Port mapping
is achieved by using inserting a VLAN-tag on incoming traffic. This VLAN-tag is removed at the output-
port.
• Each LAN port will be mapped to a given WAN (Virtual Container Group – VCG)
• Traffic may be untagged or customer tagged – VLAN transparent
• Up to four WAN port/links can be used. WAN capacity per port is scalable as described in
chapter 3.8.2. Aggregated WAN capacity is maximum 600 Mb/s
• QoS is supported on the aggregated traffic on the WAN port.
Figure 3-16 Port to Link Mapping - Multiple E-Line

3.8.3.2 E-Line with VLAN/MAC switching
In switch mode the unit has one WAN port and four LAN ports. Each port can be defined to be member
of a VLAN or a VLAN range. LAN ports will only accept packets with specified VLAN and packets will
be forwarded to all port members of VLAN until MAC destination address is learned. The traffic can be
untagged or customer tagged, in case of untagged the GbE switch can add defined tag value.
• WAN capacity is scalable from 2Mb/s (1.5Mb/s ANSI) to 600 Mb/s.

• The switch can be set to add/strip a user defined VLAN tag on the traffic on LAN ports
• QoS is supported on WAN port.
Figure 3-17 VLAN Switch mode

3.8.4 QoS features.
The QoS characteristics of the system will naturally be governed by the queuing and buffering strategies
of the subsystems. To allow for a wide array of applications for this product these strategies are made
user selectable.
3.8.4.1 QoS priority scheme

Four traffic queues representing four priority levels are available. Traffic can be prioritised based on
VLAN 802.1p, type of service or port.
1. VLAN (802.1p user priority)
Priority level can be assigned based on VLAN user priority represented by 8 decimal values
(0-7).
2. DSCP/TOS (IPv4/IPv6)
Priority level can be assigned based on DSCP/TOS represented by 64 decimal values (0-63).
3. Port (Ethernet input ports)
Priority level can be assigned to each port individually.
4. QoS priority OFF (Maximum throughput)
All traffic has equal priority.
3.8.4.2 QoS scheduling mode

The queues can be set up with either fair or strict queuing
Fair queueing
Fair queuing tries to distribute forwarding capacity between the different priority levels to prevent high
priority data streams from completely blocking lower priority streams. Scheduling is done according to a
fair weighting (8, 4, 2, 1) applied to the four priority queues.
Strict queueing
All top priority frames egress until that priority's queue is empty. Then the next lower priority queue'
s
frames egress, etc. This ensures that all high priority frames egress as soon as possible.
3.8.5 Ingress rate limiting

Per port ingress rate limiting with optional flow control is available and can be set independently of other
settings. Drop mode can be configured to either continuous drop or burst drop. Flow Control uses pause
frames.
3.8.6 Buffering strategy

The amount of internal buffering will strongly influence latency of the data streams. Restricting buffering
capacity will typically improve overall latency, while increasing packet losses due to traffic bursts. QoS
priority modes “prevent head of line blocking” utilizes the minimum buffering for enhanced QoS
performance while maximum buffer size is used when QoS priority is disabled. (Maximum throughput
setting)

3.8.7 Latency – Ethernet Interfaces
The table below gives typical values for the total system latency (excl. propagation delay) from the
Ethernet port input on the transmitting IFU to the output on the receiving IFU.
Latency Latency
Packet Size
100 BaseTX interface 1000BaseT interface
64 bytes < 250µs < 240µs
700 bytes < 290µs < 290µs
1518 bytes < 350µs < 355µs
Table 3-3 Ethernet Packet Latency – VC-4 mapping
3.8.8 MAC learning

MAC-learning can be enabled/disabled. MAC-table aging is configurable.
MAC address table size is 8000.
3.8.9 Maximum Packet Size

With port-mapping enabled, the equipment is transparent to packet-sizes up to 1628 bytes. With port-
mapping disabled, the equipment is transparent to packet-sizes up to 1632 bytes.
3.8.10 Ethernet Statistics

RMON statistics is implemented and counters can be read via the WEB interface or SNMP Manager
3.8.11 Typical Ethernet Throughput

Ethernet throughput is measured according to RFC 2544. Throughput higher than channel bit-rate is
achieved by removing Inter-Packet-Gap over the air. The Inter-Packet-Gap is then restored before the
packets leave the IFU.
Data- Packet size
rate
64 bytes 1518 bytes
# VC4s Mbit/s Mbit/s
1 156 146
4 626 582
Table 3-4 Ethernet Throughput METRO
3.8.12 Link-Loss Failure pass through on the Ethernet port

Evolution Series supports a Link-Loss Failure pass through, LLF. This is useful for routers or switches to
detect that the Ethernet connection has failed or there is no pass through connection through the radio
link side. The LLF function is based on the principle that the interface on the opposite side will be
disconnected when the link on the Ethernet port or the radio link has failed. Hence, a failure situation
will be communicated to either ends in the link configuration.
When there is a radio link failure, the LLF function will control the Ethernet link on the opposite side of
the radio link by the link status on each side. I.e. if the incoming Ethernet signal on one side is
disconnected, the output on the Ethernet port on the opposite side will be turned off.

4. XPAND SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
Evolution Series XPAND is a scalable hybrid Ethernet and PDH radio. Transmission capacity ranges
from 6 Mb/s to 150 Mb/s. The transmission can be either E1&Ethernet based (ETSI) or T1&Ethernet
based (ANSI). The Ethernet traffic is scalable in steps of E1s or T1s. Link Configurations are 1+0,
1+1/HSB and 1+1/HSD SD, see chapter 5 for details.
The E1/T1 signals and Ethernet traffic are mapped in to a scalable frame for transport towards the ODU.
This frame has in addition to the main traffic two 64 kb/s service channels for user traffic, EOW or 64
kb/s serial, and a management channel (DCN).
0 &(#
0 &(# # $. /&(# # $. /&(#
- +, ,
Figure 4-1 XPAND Node Site with Spur Links
The system with Universal IFU also features an embedded PDH X-Connect (PXC). Two IFUs can be
combined to a traffic node with 4 ODUs connected. (2 x HSB or 4 x Non Protected) Each of the PXC
ports can be assigned to an E1/T1 Interface Unit, to the Ethernet Interface, towards an ODU or to the
IFU-rear-interface for connection to a second IFU. Ethernet traffic is carried as E1/T1-frames through the
X-connect. The capacity through the 4 PXC-ports is limited by the unit each port is connected to as
shown in the table below:
PXC connected to: Maximum Capacity per port

Ethernet port (on SU Unit) 100Mb/s
E1 Line Interface 25E1
T1 Line Interface 16T1
Radio Interface 75E1 or 96T1
IFU rear Interface (IFU expansion) 75E1 or 96T1
Table 4-1 PXC Connections

Each of the E1/T1 carried through the 4 PXC-ports can be X-connected (any to any, non-blocking). Each
E1/T1-output from the PXC can be configured to be sourced from any E1/T1-input. All E1/T1-outputs
may have the same source (one-to-many principle). Four of the PXC-ports can be configured to go to
Radio Interfaces. SNCP is available for each E1/T1. When configuring the PXC, each individual E1/T1
may be set up with SNCP activated or not activated.
One IFU has four ports available, maximum two for RIU and two or three for LIUs. When two IFUs are
used together there are six ports available. RIUs working in HSB mode occupy only one port in the PXC.
If the Ethernet interface is used if occupies one of the PXC ports.
Link
ODU config # of RIUs # of LIUs # of IFUs
Directions
1 Unprotected 1 1-3 1
1 Protected 2 1-2 1
1 Protected 2 3-5 2
2 Protected 4 1-4 2
Unprotected or
3 3 or 4 1-3 2
one protected
Table 4-2 IFU Configurations, XPAND
4.1 User Interfaces with Universal IFU

The Universal IFU can have following interfaces and plug-in units.
• Two 10/100 BASE-TX
• 12xE1 and 25xE1 Units
• 8xT1 and 16xT1 Units
• 64 kb/s Serial Channel Unit
• EOW and 64 kb/s Unit
• Alarm and Control Unit
• 155 Mb/s electrical or optical interface Unit
• DXC Unit (for STM-1/OC-3 conversion)
Access IFUs with fixed interfaces and no PXC function are also available. See chapter 12.3

4.2 Ethernet functionality
4.2.1 General
The Ethernet ports at the SU can be configured for user traffic. The interface is 10/100BASE-TX. The
Ethernet traffic can be mixed with TDM traffic and is scalable in steps of E1s or T1s.
4.2.2 Ethernet Traffic Mapping

Ethernet traffic is mapped into E1s or T1s using a proprietary method.
4.2.3 Flow Control

Ethernet Flow Control can be enabled. Pause frames are used.
4.2.4 MAC learning

MAC-learning can be enabled/disabled. MAC-table aging is configurable.
MAC address table size is 2000.
4.2.5 Latency – Ethernet Interfaces

The table below gives typical values for the total system latency (excl. propagation delay) from the
Ethernet port input on the transmitting IFU to the output on the receiving IFU.
Packet size
Typical
throughput 64 bytes 700 bytes 1518 bytes
[Mb/s] [µs] [µs] [µs]

2.0 610 3280 6710
20 300 660 1120
50 280 470 740
100 270 430 620
Table 4-3 Ethernet Packet Latency XPAND

4.2.6 Maximum Ethernet Packet Size
The Ethernet Interface on the SU is for the A and B version transparent for packet-sizes up to 1536 bytes.
For the C version of SU and Access IFU the interface is transparent for packet-sizes up to 2048 bytes.
4.2.7 Ethernet Statistics

RMON statistics is implemented and counters can be read using an SNMP Manager.
4.2.8 Typical Ethernet Throughput

Ethernet throughput is measured according to RFC 2544. Throughput higher than channel bit-rate is
achieved by removing Inter-Packet-Gap over the air. The Inter-Packet-Gap is then restored before the
packets leave the IFU.
Data- Packet size Data- Packet size
rate rate
64 bytes 1518 bytes 64 bytes 1518 bytes
# E1s Mbit/s Mbit/s # T1s Mbit/s Mbit/s
4 9 8 4 6 6
8 17 16 8 13 12
16 32 30 16 26 24
20 43 40 32 52 48
30 64 60 40 65 60
40 86 80 50 81 75
50 100 100 60 97 90
67 100 100
Table 4-4 Ethernet Throughput XPAND
4.2.9 Link-Loss Failure pass through on the Ethernet port

Evolution Series supports a Link-Loss Failure pass through, LLF. This is useful for routers or switches to
detect that the Ethernet connection has failed or there is no pass through connection through the radio
link side. The LLF function is based on the principle that the interface on the opposite side will be
disconnected when the link on the Ethernet port or the radio link has failed. Hence, a failure situation
will be communicated to either ends in the link configuration.
When there is a radio link failure, the LLF function will control the Ethernet link on the opposite side of
the radio link by the link status on each side. I.e. if the incoming Ethernet signal on one side is
disconnected, the output on the Ethernet port on the opposite side will be turned off.

4.3 XPAND Terminal and Node Configurations
Figure 4-2 XPAND Terminal, TDM
Figure 4-3 XPAND Terminal, Ethernet only or Ethernet & TDM
Figure 4-4 XPAND Node two directions, unprotected

Figure 4-5 XPAND Nodes, Two directions-protected, Four directions-unprotected

5. LINK CONFIGURATIONS
The following link configurations are available.
METRO METRO METRO
Configuration XPAND
Long Haul 155Mb/s ODU 300Mb/s ODU
1+0 Yes Yes Yes Yes
1
1+1 HSB/FD Yes Yes Yes Yes
1+1 HSB/FD - Space Diversity Yes Yes Yes Yes
1+1 HSB/FD - Dual Baseband Yes Yes No No
2+0 ACAP & ACCP Yes Yes Yes No
2+0 CCDP with XPIC Yes Yes Yes No
2
n+1, (n=1 to 7) Yes Yes No No
2
n+0, (n=1 to 10) Yes Yes No No
5.1 Legend
ALM External alarm input/output
AUX Auxiliary functions
DXC Digital Cross Connect
EMF Embedded Management Functions
EOW Engineering Order Wire
LAN Local Area Network port (10/100BASE-TX Ethernet)
LIU Line Interface Unit
MDS Main Data Switch
RIU Radio Interface Unit
PWR Power Supply
SERV Service functions
SU Supervisory Unit
USB Universal Serial Bus
XCVR Transmitter/Receiver
In the following a number of link configurations are described. They examples are based on METRO
terminals with STM-1/OC-3 interface but the main architecture is valid for both XPAND and METRO
modes. The IFU part will be different depending on number of interfaces and directions. Most
configurations are described for a split mount system with ODU, but can also be implemented with long
haul optimized RF-branching and XCVR. The ODU is then replaced by a branching and XCVR(s). A
system with RF-branching is described in chapter 5.9
1
The same hardware is used for HSB and FD configuration with the exceptions for asymmetrical RF coupler
2
Split Mount Configurations max eight channels.

5.2 1+0 system
The 1+0 configuration consists of an IFU basic frame, a Line Interface Unit, a Radio Interface Unit, a
single coaxial cable to the ODU and an ODU mounted directly on the antenna or near the antenna. When
the ODU is not mounted directly on the antenna, a short flexible waveguide is used to connect the ODU
to the antenna port.
Figure 5-1 System Block Diagram 1+0 Terminal
5.3 1+1 HSB / 1+1 FD system

The 1+1 HSB or 1+1 Frequency Diversity configuration, consist of an IFU basic frame, a Line Interface
Unit, two Radio Interface Units, two coaxial cables to the ODUs and two ODUs mounted on an RF-
Coupler Unit. The RF-Coupler can be asymmetrical or symmetrical, and the RF-Coupler/ODU assembly
can be mounted directly on the antenna or near the antenna. When the RF-Coupler is not directly
mounted, a short flexible waveguide is used to connect the RF-Coupler to the antenna port.
" # ! + ,- $ . /
+ 0 1 ,+0+ /
$
" !
%& '( ( $ '( ( )*
Figure 5-2 System Block Diagram 1+1 HSB/FD Terminal

5.4 2+0 / 1+1 HSB Dual Baseband system
A 2+0 system or 1+1 HSB Dual Baseband is identical to the 1+1 HSB or 1+1 Frequency Diversity
configuration except for the use of two Interface units. The two LIUs provide interface protection in HSB
configuration. HSB Dual Baseband is applicable for STM-1/OC-3 Line Interfaces only
%
Figure 5-3 System Block Diagram 2+0 Terminal
5.5 Space Diversity/Dual Antenna system

The 1+1 HSB or 1+1 Frequency Diversity configuration can be configured for Space Diversity or Dual
Antenna. This configuration uses two antennas, and the two ODUs are mounted one on each antenna
without using an RF-Coupler. The use of Space Diversity/Dual Antenna reduces the RF loss and provides
path diversity, which can improve system performance (subject to frequency band and path type and
length).
" # !
$ + ,- $ . /
" ! 1 ,+0+ /
Figure 5-4 System Block Diagram Space Diversity Terminal

5.6 Co-channel Dual Polarised (CCDP) system
In two channel systems the two ODUs can be arranged with dual polarisation (Horizontal and Vertical),
utilising a single RF frequency. The RIU contains a XPIC function in this configuration, and the XPIC
will handle the interference between the two received signals. See also paragraph 7.5 for further
description of the XPIC function.
Figure 5-5 System Block Diagram CCDP Terminal
5.7 3+1/4+0 System

A 4+0 or 3+1 system, consist of two IFU basic frames, three or four Line Interface Units, four Radio
Interface Units, four coaxial cables to the ODUs and four ODUs mounted on two RF-Coupler Units. RF-
Coupler/ODU assembly is mounted on a pole arrangement and connected to a dual polarised antenna
with a short flexible waveguide.
Figure 5-6 System Block Diagram 3+1/4+0 Terminal

5.8 7+1/8+0 System
A 8+0 or 7+1 system, consist of four IFU basic frames, seven or eight Line Interface Units, eight Radio
Interface Units, eight coaxial cables to the ODUs and eight ODUs mounted on four RF-Coupler Units.
RF-Coupler/ODU assembly is mounted on a pole arrangement and connected to two dual polarised
antennas with a short flexible waveguide.
'&#
$ ! 4 1'
%&# %&# '&#

2 -3 2 3 1' ( 5 (+
( 5 (+ 6
7 !
'&#
$ ! 4 1'
%&# %&# '&#

2 3 2 3 1'
7 !
'&#
$ ! 4 1'
%&# %&# '&#

2 +3 2 3 1' ( 5(
( 5( 6
7 !
'&#
$ ! 4 1'
# %&# %&# '&#

( 2 3 2 3 1'
Figure 5-7 System Block Diagram 7+1/8+0 Terminal

5.9 7+1/8+0 System Long Haul Optimized
The Long Haul Optimized system uses a low loss RF-branching system combining up to 10 channels to
one antenna port. The Branching system contains narrow band RF-filters for each channel, connecting
the channels together. The branching system can also be split in two for transmission on two
polarisations. In Space Diversity configuration, two receive side branching are used in parallel connected
the two antennas to two receivers inputs for each transceiver. The receive signal is combined in-phase in
the transceiver unit. See also Figure 6-2.
'
'&#
$ ! 4 1'
"
8
'
%&# %&# '&#
2 -3 2 3 1'
"
7 !
8
'
'&#
$ ! 4 1'
"
8
'
%&# %&# '&# )

2 3 2 3 1' ( (8 2 63
"
**0
7 !
8
0*
'
'&#
$ ! 4 1'
9
"
8
'
%&# %&# '&#

2 +3 2 3 1'
"
7 !
8
'
'&#
$ ! 4 1'
"
8
'
%&# %&# '&#

# 1'
2 3 2 3
"
Figure 5-8 System Block Diagram Long Haul 7+1/8+0 Terminal

5.10 Long Haul Branching Systems
The branching system is very flexible and supports adjacent and co-channel operation in all frequency
bands for both ~28 and 40 MHz channel spacing.
" '
+
" '
Figure 5-9 Branching Diagrams 1+1/2+0 and 3+1/4+0 Dual Polarized
" '
" '
" '
+
" '
Figure 5-10 Branching diagrams 7+1/8+0 and 3+1 Space Diversity

6. GENERAL EQUIPMENT CHARACTERISTRICS
6.1 Transmission Capacities and Channel Bandwidth

The tables below show capacities vs. channel bandwidth and used modulation. The modulation is a multi
dimensional coded QAM modulation or only QAM. Capacity is shown in terms of Mbit/s and the
equivalent number of E1s/T1s for XPAND mode. The 311 Mb/s rate is currently only available in
METRO mode and the rates below 155 Mb/s are all XPAND rates.
A scalable proprietary NERA frame is used for transport. In METRO mode this frame contains one or
two 155 Mb/sSTM-1/OC-3 signals. In XPAND mode the frame can be set up to any of the capacities in
the tables below. In both modes the frame also contains a DCC channel and two 64 kb/s user channels.
Channel Spacing
Link capacity
7 MHz 14 MHz 30 MHz 40 MHz 56 MHz
2xSTM-1 (311 Mb/s) 256MLCM
155 Mb/s (75 x E1) 128 MLCM 64 MLCM 32MLCM
100 Mb/s (50 x E1) 32 MLCM
80 Mb/s (40 x E1) 16 MLCM
56 Mb/s (28 x E1) 64 MLCM
40 Mb/s (20 x E1) 16 QAM
32 Mb/s (16 x E1) 16 MLCM 4 QAM
16 Mb/s (8 x E1) 16 MLCM 4 QAM
8 Mb/s (4 x E1) 4 QAM
Table 6-1 Transmission Capacity Overview ETSI Data rates
Link Channel Spacing

capacity 5 MHz 10 MHz 20 MHz 25 MHz 30 MHz 40 MHz 50 MHz
2xOC-3 (311 Mb/s) 256MLCM
155 Mb/s (96 x T1) 128MLCM 64MLCM 32MLCM
125 Mb/s (80 x T1) 128MLCM 64MLCM 32MLCM 16MLCM
100 Mb/s (64 x T1) 128MLCM 32MLCM 16QAM
50 Mb/s (32 x T1) 128MLCM 16MLCM
25 Mb/s (16 x T1) 16MLCM 4QAM
22 Mb/s (14 x T1) 128MLCM
12 Mb/s (8 x T1) 16QAM 4QAM
6 Mb/s (4 x T1) 4QAM
Table 6-2 Transmission Capacity Overview ANSI Data rates

6.2 Frequency bands
Evolution Series is available in ITU-R, CEPT, FCC and national frequency bands according to the
following tables. The BW given in the last column is for information only and indicates which BWs the
plan includes. Details about ODU/Diplexer tuning range is found in Appendix 1.
Duplex
Frequency Frequency
Channel Plan spacing BW [MHz]
Band [GHz] [MHz]
5 GHz 4.4-5.0 ITU-R F. 746-5 312 28
5 GHz 4.4-5.0 ITU-R F. 1099-3 Annex 1,1 300 40

ITU-R F. 383-7
L6 GHz 5.9-6.4 252.04 29.65/56
CEPT 14-01E
ITU-R F.384-8
U6 GHz 6.4-7.1 340 20/30/40
CEPT 14-02 E
7 GHz 7.1-7.4 ITU-R F.385-7 Annex 3 196 28/56
7 GHz 7.1-7.4 CEPT 02-06 Annex 1 154 7/14/28/56
7 GHz 7.1-7.4 ITU-R F.385-8 Rec. 1-4 161 7/14/28/56
7 GHz 7.1-7.4 ACA Rali FX3 270 30
7 GHz 7.2-7.5 ITU-R F.385-8 Rec. 1-4 161 7/14/28/56
7 GHz 7.4-7.7 ITU-R F.385-8 Annex 3 168 28/56
7 GHz 7.4-7.7 ITU-R F.385-8 Annex 1,4 154 28/56
ITU-R F.385-8 Annex 1, 1
7 GHz 7.4-7.7 154 7/14/28/56
CEPT 02-06 Annex 1
7 GHz 7.4-7.7 ITU-R F.385-8 Rec 1-4 161 7/14/28/56
7 GHz 7.4-7.9 ITU-R F.385-8 Annex 4 245 7/14/28/56
7 GHz 7.1-7.7 “Korea” 300 30
8 GHz 7.7-8.3 ITU-R F.386-6 Annex 1 311.32 29.65/56
8 GHz 7.7-8.3 7.7-8.3 GHz, 40 MHz CS 310 40
8 GHz 7.9-8.4 ITU-R F.386-6 Annex 4 266 7/14/28/56
8 GHz 7.9-8.5 CEPT 02-06 310 7/14/28/56
8 GHz 8.2-8.5 ITU-R F.386-6 Annex 3 119,126 7/14
8 GHz 8.2-8.5 ITU-R F.386-6 Rec. 1 151.614 7
10 GHz 10.0-10.68 CEPT 12-05 350 7/14/28
10 GHz 10.15-10.65 CFT Mexico 350 7/14/28
ITU-R F. 387-9
11 GHz 10.7-11.7 530 30/40
CEPT 12-06 Rec. 1
ITU-R F. 387-9 Annex 2
11 GHz 10.7-11.7 490 30/40
CEPT 12-06 Rec. 3
ITU-R F. 497-6
13 GHz 12.7-13.3 266 7/14/28
CEPT 12 02F
15 GHz 14.4-15.35 ITU-R F.636-3 490 7/14/28
15 GHz 14.5-15.35 ITU-R F.636-3 420 7/14/28

Duplex
Frequency Frequency
Channel Plan spacing BW [MHz]
Band [GHz] [MHz]
15 GHz 14.6-15.2 CFT Mexico 315 14/28
15 GHz 14.5-15.35 CEPT 12-07E 728 7/14/28
15 GHz 14.5-15.35 ACA RALI FX3 644 14/28
ITU-R F.595-8
18 GHz 17.7-19.7 1010 7/13.75/27.5/55
CEPT 12-03E
ITU-R F.595-8
18 GHz 17.7-19.7 1560 13.75/27.5/55
Norma No 15/96
18 GHz 17.7-19.7 China 1092.5 27.5
18 GHz 17.7-19.7 China 1120 55
ITU-R F.637-3 Annex 3
23 GHz 21.2-23.6 1008 7/14/28/56
CEPT 13-02E
23 GHz 22.0-23.6 RA 352 1008 56
23 GHz 21.2-23.6 ITU-R F.637-3 Annex 4 1200 50
23 GHz 21.2-23.6 ITU-R F.637-3 Annex 1 1232 7/14/28/56
26 GHz 24.25-26.5 1008 7/14/28/56
CEPT 13-02E
28 GHz 27.5-29.5 1008 7/14/28/56
CEPT 13-02E
ITU-R F.1520-2
32 GHz 31.8-33.4 812 7/14/28/56
CEPT (01)02
38 GHz 37.0-39.5 1260 7/14/28/56
CEPT 12-01E
38 GHz 38.6-40.0 ITU-R F.749-2 Annex 3, 1 700 25/50
Table 6-3 Frequency bands ETSI
Duplex
Frequency
Freq. Band Channel Plan spacing BW [MHz]
[GHz] [MHz]
CFR47 101.147 Table i 4.94/9.88/29.65
L6 GHz 5.9 - 6.4 252.04
SRSP –305.9 29.65
U6 GHz SRSP –306.4 100/340 10/30
6.4 - 7.1
CFR47 101.147 Table l 160/170 5/10
7 GHz 7.1 - 7.4 SRSP –307.1 175 5/10/30
7 GHz 7.4 - 7.7 SRSP –307.1 150 5/10/20/30
8 GHz 7.7 - 8.3 SRSP –307.7 300 10/20/30
10 GHz 10.5-10.65 CFR47 101.147 Table m 65 5
CFR47 101.147 Table o
11 GHz 10.7 - 11.7 490 5/10/30/40
SRSP –310.7
18 GHz 18.7-19.7 CFR47 101.147 Table r 1560 10/20/40
23 GHz 21.2-23.6 CFR47 101.147 Table s 1200 5/10/20/30/40/50
38 GHz 38.6-40.0 CFR47 101.147 Table v 700 7.25/12.5/25/50
Table 6-4 Frequency bands ANSI

6.3 Equipment Reference Points
A principle block diagram for a digital radio relay system, including the main blocks, is shown in Figure
6-1. The block diagram includes marked interface points, which serve as reference points for several
technical parameters used in this document.
* The RF-Coupler is used in HSB and 1+1/2+0 single polarised configurations

Figure 6-1 Principle block diagram for a split mount radio system with Diplexer
$
9
$
9
Figure 6-2 Principle block diagram for a radio system with RF Branching

6.4 International and National Standards
Evolution Series is compliant with relevant international and national standards. The equipment is type
approved and labelled according to EU Directive 1999/5/EC (R&TTE).
6.5 ETSI Equipment Class

The equipment is compliant to the relevant specifications in EN 302 217 for the following classes.
Cross- Co-polar Cross-
Co –polar
polar (ACCP/ polar
(ACCP)
(ACAP) CCDP) (ACAP)
Data 16xE1 75xE1 75xE1
4xE1 8xE1 28xE1 40xE1 50xE1 2xSTM-1
rate 20xE1 STM-1 STM-1
Class 2 7 MHz ~14 MHz ~28 MHz - − - - - -
Class 3 − − - - - − - − -
Class 4 3,5 MHz 7 MHz ~14 MHz ~14 MHz ~28 MHz ~28 MHz -
Class 5A - - - - − - ~28 MHz 56 MHz
~28 MHz
Class 5B - - - - - - - 40 MHz -
56 MHz
Table 6-5 ETSI Equipment Class
6.6 Equipment background BER (Residual BER)

Typical Guaranteed
Date Rates
Residual BER Residual BER
155 Mb/s and 311 Mb/s ≤ 10-14 ≤ 10-13
100 Mb/s and 80 Mb/s ≤ 3x10-14 ≤ 3x10-13
56 Mb/s to 32 Mb/s ≤ 10-13 ≤ 10-12
25 Mb/s and lower ≤ 10-12 ≤ 10-11
6.7 System delay

The transmission delay through a system (From "Line interface in" on TX-side to "Line interface out" on
RX-side) excluding propagation-time between antennas is given in table. Latency for Ethernet traffic is
not included see chapter 3.8.7 and 4.2.5.
STM-1 and
Data rate: 75xE1 50-20xE1 16xE1 8xE1 4xE1
2xSTM-1
System delay
200 310 270 320 420 600
[ s]
OC-3 and
Data rate 96xT1 80-32xT1 16xT1 8xT1 4xT1
2xOC-3
System delay
200 350 375 425 500 800
[ s]
Table 6-6 System delay

6.8 System loop back possibilities
The following looping possibilities are built into the equipment and can be activated from the WEB
interface.
%&# &(# '&# #
+ - " '
0#" #
8 : ,
1 Near end LIU loop 6 Near-end ODU Loop

2 Far end LIU loop 7 Near end 64 kb/s or E1/T1 Wayside loop
3 Near end Main board loop 8 Far end 64 kb/s or E1/T1 Wayside loop
4 Far end Main board loop 9 Near end Ethernet loop at SU
5 Near-end RIU loop 10 Far end Ethernet loop at SU
Figure 6-3 System loop backs
At the LIU and AUX unit with multiple channels/interfaces each channel can be looped. At the Gigabit
Ethernet Unit output signal to Port 1 will be swapped with Port 2 and vice versa, in order to prevent the
test signal to be sent back to the transmitting port. The same applies to Port 3 and Port 4 (Port 5).

6.9 System Reliability
The MTBF figures are predicted and calculated according to methods in MIL-HDBK-217E including
adjustment for experienced field data. MTBF for 1+0 Terminal with Line Interface Unit is about 30
years.
Unit name: MTBF,

25 °C ambient temp:
[Hours]]
Transceiver Unit (XCVR/ODU) 400 000
Universal IFU 1 800 000
Access IFU 800 000
RIU 3 200 000
Supervisory Unit 5 000 000
Optical Interface units 1 500 000
Electrical STM-1/OC-3 5 000 000
E1/T1 and E3/DS3 Interface Units 5 000 000
Gigabit Ethernet Interface Unit 2 500 000
Wayside Interface Unit 5 000 000
EOW and 64 kb/s Units 5 000 000
Alarm and Control Unit 1 800 000
Power Supply Unit 5 000 000
Power & Sync Unit 5 000 000
DXC Unit 5 000 000
DXC Frame 1 800 000
The Fan unit is a replaceable unit. The unit has three fans, and it is recommended to change the unit
when one of the fans fails.
Typical ambient
Fan in operation MTBF
temperature
50 °C/
Continuous 36 700
122 °F
25 °C/
50 % of time 73 400
77 °F
15 °C/
20 % of time 183 500
59 °F
Table 6-7 MTBF Figures

7. GENERAL RADIO CHARACTERISTICS
7.1 Transmitter Characteristics
7.1.1 Automatic/Manual Power Control (ATPC/MTPC)

ATPC is an optional feature, which is aimed to drive the TX power amplifier output level from a proper
minimum, which is calculated to facilitate the radio network planning and is used in the case of normal
propagation, up to a maximum value, which is given in Chapter 3.3.1. When ATPC is disabled (i.e.
MTPC mode), the output power can be set by the user.
ATPC-figures:
Transmitter power output regulation speed > 50 dB/s
Typical ATPC-range 20-25 dB
Guaranteed ATPC-range 20 dB
Nominal input level is adjustable by the user.

Adjustment range: -30 dBm to -60 dBm
In Hot Standby configuration it is recommended to use simultaneous switching of TX and Rx side

within a terminal, when ATPC is enabled.
MTPC figures:
Typical MTPC range 20-25 dB
Range with ETSI mask compliance 1

5-11 GHz HP Long Haul Systems :15 dB
5-11 GHz SP ODU :15 dB
5-11 GHz HP ODU :10 dB
13-23 GHz :15 dB
26-38 GHz :10 dB
Step size: 0.1 dB

Accuracy: Ref Corresponding Output Power Tolerance
7.1.2 TX oscillator frequency tolerance

Frequency tolerance: ≤ ± 10 ppm.
The tolerance includes both short-term factors (environmental effects) and long-term ageing effects.
1
For compliance to optional ETSI mask requirement of -60 dBc in frequency bands from 5-8GHz, the MTPC range is 10 dB.

7.2 Receiver Characteristics
7.2.1 Maximum input level

Maximum input signal levels in point C (measured with PRBS of 223-1).
These limits apply without interference:
Long Haul System Split Mount System

Ref point B Ref point C
Frequency band: [GHz] 5-11 5-18 23-38
BER ≤ 10-6 [dBm] -18 -17 -20
BER ≤ 10-8 [dBm] -20 -19 -22
BER ≤ 10-10 [dBm] -22 -21 -24
Table 7-1 Maximum input signal level
7.2.2 RX oscillator frequency tolerance

Frequency tolerance: ≤ ±10 ppm
This limit includes both short-term factors (environmental effects) and long-term ageing effects.
7.2.3 Noise Figure

Ref. Point A. Guaranteed Values.
Frequency band: 5-8 10/11 13/15 18/23 26 28 31/32 38
[GHz]
Noise figure F ≤ 3.9 ≤ 4.4 ≤ 4.8 ≤ 5.8 ≤ 6.3 ≤ 7.3 ≤ 7.4 ≤ 7.9
[dB]

7.3 System Signature
The equipment includes an Adaptive Time Domain Equaliser (ATDE). The system signature is specified
in Table 7-3 to Table 7-5. Delay 6.3 ns. BER: 10-6. The limits are valid for both minimum and non-
minimum phase.
Guaranteed limits Typical values
Capacity and Channel BW Width
[MHz] Depth [dB] SF DFM [dB]
155 Mb/s@28MHz (128 MLCM) ACAP ±14.0 17.0 1.6 50
155 Mb/s@28MHz (128 MLCM) ACCP ±15.0 17.0 2.0 48
155 Mb/s@40MHz (64 MLCM) ±17.0 17.0 1.3 51
Table 7-2 System signature 155 Mb/s Long Haul Systems
Guaranteed limits Typical values

Capacity and Channel BW Width
[MHz] Depth [dB] SF DFM [dB]
155 Mb/s@28MHz (128 MLCM) ACAP ±14.0 17.0 1.3 51
155 Mb/s@28MHz (128 MLCM) ACCP ±14.0 17.0 1.5 50
155 Mb/s@40MHz (64 MLCM) ±17.0 17.0 1.3 52
155 Mb/s@50-56MHz (32 MLCM) ±19.5 17.0 1.4 52
311 Mb/s@56MHz (256 MLCM) ±28 13.0 4 43
311 Mb/s@50MHz (256 MLCM) ±30 11.0 5.6 41
Table 7-3 System signature 155 Mb/s and 311 Mb/s - ODU
Capacity and Channel BW Guaranteed limits Typical values

Width [MHz] Depth [dB] SF DFM [dB]
100 Mb/s@28MHz (32 MLCM) ±14.0 23.0 0.7 57
80 Mb/s@28MHz (16 MLCM) ±13.0 22.0 0.6 58
40 Mb/s@14MHz (16 QAM) ±7.0 27.0 0.1 68
32 Mb/s@14MHz (16 MLCM) ±7.0 27.0 0.1 68
32 Mb/s@28MHz (4 QAM) ±12.0 37.0 0.01 80
16 Mb/s@7MHz (16 MLCM) ±4.0 34.0 0.1 74
16 Mb/s@14MHz (4 QAM) ±6.0 37.0 0.01 80
8 Mb/s@7MHz (4 QAM) ±3.0 35.0 0.02 79
Table 7-4 System signature 100-8 Mb/s ETSI

Capacity and Channel BW Guaranteed limits Typical values
Width [MHz] Depth [dB] SF DFM [dB]
125 Mb/s@25MHz (128 MLCM) ±13.0 20.0 0.8 55
125 Mb/s@30MHz (64 MLCM) ±14.0 21.0 0.9 55
125 Mb/s@40MHz (32 MLCM) ±17.0 22.0 1.1 54
125 Mb/s@50MHz (16 MLCM) ±20.0 23.0 1.1 55
100 Mb/s@20MHz (128 MLCM) ±12.0 22.0 0.6 57
100 Mb/s@30MHz (32 MLCM) ±15.0 23.0 0.6 58
100 Mb/s@40MHz (16 QAM)
50 Mb/s@10MHz (128 MLCM) ±9.0 20.0 0.4 59
50 Mb/s@20MHz (16 MLCM) ±10.0 30.0 0.2 66
25 Mb/s@10MHz (16 MLCM) ±6.0 32.0 0.1 71
25 Mb/s@20MHz (4 QAM) ±8.0 37.0 0.01 80
12 Mb/s@5MHz (16 QAM) ±5.0 34.0 0.05 77
12 Mb/s@10MHz (4 QAM) ±4.0 37.0 0.01 80
6 Mb/s@5MHz (4 QAM) ±3.0 35.0 0.02 79
Table 7-5 System signature values 125-6 Mb/s ANSI

7.4 Interference sensitivity
7.4.1 Co-channel interference sensitivity

The tables are giving maximum C/I values for 1 dB and 3 dB increase of the 10-6 BER threshold.
Guaranteed C/I at BER = 10-6
System @ RSL Degradation [dB]
1 dB 3 dB
155 Mb/s@28MHz (128 MLCM) ACAP 31.5 27.5
155 Mb/s@28MHz (128 MLCM) ACCP 32.5 28.5
155 Mb/s@40MHz (64 MLCM) 28 24
155 Mb/s@50-56MHz (32 MLCM) 24.5 20.5
311 Mb/s@56MHz (256 MLCM) 34 30
311 Mb/s@50MHz (256 MLCM) 35.5 31.5
Table 7-6 Co-Channel Interference Sensitivity 155 and 311 Mb/s

System
@ RSL Degradation
ETSI Rates
1 dB 3 dB
100 Mb/s@28MHz (32 MLCM) 25.5 21.5
80 Mb/s@28MHz (16 MLCM) 24 20
40 Mb/s@14MHz (16 MLCM) 25 21
32 Mb/s@14MHz (16 MLCM) 22 18
32 Mb/s@28MHz (4 QAM) 17 13
16 Mb/s@7MHz (16 QAM) 22.5 18.5
16 Mb/s@14MHz (4 QAM) 17 13
8 Mb/s@7MHz (4 QAM) 17.5 13.5
Table 7-7 Co-Channel Interference Sensitivity ETSI rates

System
@ RSL Degradation
ANSI Rates
1 dB 3 dB
125 Mb/s@25MHz (128 MLCM) 31.5 27.5
125 Mb/s@30MHz (64 MLCM) 28 24
125 Mb/s@40MHz (32 MLCM) 24.5 20.5
125 Mb/s@50MHz (16 MLCM) 21.5 17.5
100 Mb/s@20MHz (128 MLCM) 31.5 27.5
100 Mb/s@30MHz (32 MLCM) 24.5 20.5
50 Mb/s@10MHz (128 MLCM) 33 29
50 Mb/s@20MHz (16 MLCM) 22 18
25 Mb/s@10MHz (16 MLCM) 22.5 18.5
25 Mb/s@20MHz (4 QAM) 17 13
12 Mb/s@5MHz (16 QAM) 26 22
12 Mb/s@10MHz (4 QAM) 17.5 13.5
6 Mb/s@5MHz (4 QAM) 19.5 15.5
Table 7-8 Co-Channel Interference Sensitivity ANSI rates

7.4.2 Adjacent channel interference sensitivity
The tables are giving maximum C/I values for 1 dB and 3 dB increase of the 10-6 BER threshold.
Guaranteed C/I at
ETSI Requirement
BER = 10-6
System C/I at BER = 10-6
@ RSL Degradation
@ RSL Degradation [dB]
[dB]
Capacity and Channel BW 1 dB 3 dB degr. 1 dB degr. 3 dB degr.
degr.
311 Mb/s@56MHz (256 MLCM) -3.5 -7.5 -3.5 -7.5
311 Mb/s@50MHz (256 MLCM) -2 -4.5
155 Mb/s@28MHz (128 MLCM) ACAP -5 -7 3 -1
155 Mb/s@28MHz (128 MLCM) ACCP -6 -9 -5 -8
155 Mb/s@40MHz (64 MLCM) -6 -9 -4 -8
155 Mb/s@50-56MHz (32 MLCM) -5 -9 -5 -9
Table 7-9 Adjacent Interference Sensitivity 155 and 311 Mb/s

ETSI Requirement
System C/I at BER = 10-6
Capacity and Channel BW 1 dB degr. 3 dB degr. 1 dB degr. 3 dB degr.
100 Mb/s@28MHz (32 MLCM) -6 -9.5 -2 -5.5
80 Mb/s@28MHz (16 MLCM) -6 -10 -3 -7
40 Mb/s@14MHz (16 MLCM) -6 -10 0 -4
32 Mb/s@14MHz (16 MLCM) -6 -9 0 -4
32 Mb/s@28MHz (4 QAM) -6 -10 0 -4
16 Mb/s@7MHz (16 QAM) -3 -7 -3 -7
16 Mb/s@14MHz (4 QAM) -3 -6 0 -4
8 Mb/s@7MHz (4 QAM) -3 -6 0 -4
Table 7-10 Adjacent Channel Interference Sensitivity – ETSI rates

Capacity and Channel BW @ RSL Degradation [dB]
1 dB degr. 3 dB degr.
125 Mb/s@25MHz (128 MLCM) -5 -8
125 Mb/s@30MHz (64 MLCM) -6 -10
125 Mb/s@40MHz (32 MLCM) -10 -13
125 Mb/s@50MHz (16 MLCM) -10 -13
100 Mb/s@20MHz (128 MLCM) -3 -6
100 Mb/s@30MHz (32 MLCM) -6 -9.5
50 Mb/s@10MHz (128 MLCM) -3 -5
50 Mb/s@20MHz (16 MLCM) -3 -6
25 Mb/s@10MHz (16 MLCM) -3 -5
25 Mb/s@20MHz (4 QAM) -6 -9
12 Mb/s@5MHz (16 QAM) -3 -5
12 Mb/s@10MHz (4 QAM) -3 -6
6 Mb/s@5MHz (4 QAM) -3 -5
Table 7-11 Adjacent Channel Interference Sensitivity ANSI rates

7.5 XPIC performance
The Cross Polarisation Interference Canceller filter (XPIC) is used in CCDP configurations for systems
with ~28 MHz, 40 MHz, or ~56 MHz bandwidth. The XPIC filter has a typical XIF of 20 dB.
7.6 Receiver image rejection

The image rejection is >= 120 dB if image(s) frequency falls within transmit half band.
The image rejection is >= 100 dB if image(s) frequency falls within receive half band.
7.7 Spurious emissions
7.7.1 Transmitter spurious emissions - external

ETSI: The equipment complies with EN 302 217-2-2.
This implies to meet the limits given in EN 301 390.
FCC/ANSI: The equipment complies with FCC 47 CFR 101.111.
7.7.2 Transmitter spurious emissions - internal

For spurious signals within the receiver half band, the level of all spurious signals, both discrete CW and
noise-like, evaluated as total signal level shall be less than -90 dBm.
7.7.3 Receiver spurious emissions - external

ETSI: The equipment complies with EN 302 217-2-2.
This implies to meet the limits given in EN 301 390.
FCC/ANSI: The power of the emission in a reference bandwidth of 1 MHz shall be less than -13 dBm.
7.7.4 Receiver spurious emissions - internal

Applicable to interference on the same local branching system.
For spurious signals within the same receive half band, the level of all spurious signals, both discrete CW
and noise-like, evaluated as total signal level is less than -110 dBm.

8. RADIO CHARACTERISTICS METRO – ODU
8.1 General
Typical values in dB measured with modulation (PRBS-data). Ref. Point C’.
Tx tolerance is ± 1.5 dB for 5-11 GHz and ± 2 dB for 13-38 GHz
Rx tolerance is ± 1.5 dB for 5-11 GHz and ± 2 dB for 13-38 GHz
For RF-Coupler loss see chapter 13.2
8.2 Output Power Standard Power ODU

18/23 18/23
Freq. band: [GHz] L6/U6 7/8 11 13/15 26/28 32 38
ETSI ANSI
155 Mb/s@28MHz
+25 +24 +22 +19 +17 +17 +16.5 +16 +15.5
128MLCM
155 Mb/s@40MHz
+25 +24 +22 - +17 +19 - - -
64MLCM
155 Mb/s@56MHz
- - - - +18 +17.5 +17 +16.5
32MLCM
155 Mb/s@50MHz
- - - - +20 +16.5
32MLCM
311 Mb/s@56MHz
+25 +24 +22 +19 +17 +16.5 +16 +15.5
256MLCM
311 Mb/s@50MHz
+16 +14,5
256MLCM
Table 8-1 Nominal output power Standard Power ODU
8.3 Output Power High Power ODU
Frequency band: [GHz] 5 L6 U6 7 8 10 11
155 Mb/s@28MHz
+30 +30 +30 +29 +29 +27 +27
128MLCM
155 Mb/s@40MHz
+30 - +30 - +30 +27 +27
64MLCM
311 Mb/s@56MHz
+29 +29 +29 +28 +28 +26 +26
256MLCM
Table 8-2 Nominal output power High Power ODU

8.4 Receiver Threshold 155 Mb/s@28 MHz
Frequency band:
5 L6 U6 7/8 11 13/15 18/23 26 28 32 38
[GHz]
BER ≤ 10-6 [dBm] -71 -71 -71 -71 -70.5 -70 -69 -68.5 -67 -67 -66.5
BER ≤ 10-8 [dBm] -69.5 -69.5 -69.5 -69.5 -69 -68.5 -67.5 -67 -65.5 -65.5 -65
BER ≤ 10-10 [dBm] -68 -68 -68 -68 -67.5 -67 -66 -65.5 -64.5 -64.5 -63.5
Table 8-3 Receiver threshold, 155 Mb/s in ~28 MHz channel

The listed values are for ACAP configuration, if filtering for ACCP is required a setting for this is
available. The threshold will be 1 dB higher for BER ≤ 10-6 and 1.5 dB higher for BER ≤ 10-8 and BER
≤ 10-10.
8.5 Receiver Threshold 155 Mb/s@40 MHz

Frequency band: [GHz] 5 U6 8 11 18
BER ≤ 10-6 [dBm] -73.5 -73.5 -73.5 -73 -72
BER ≤ 10-8 [dBm] -72.5 -72.5 -72.5 -72 -71
BER ≤ 10-10 [dBm] -71.5 -71.5 -71.5 -71 -70
Table 8-4 Receiver threshold, 155 Mb/s in 40 MHz channel
8.6 Receiver Threshold 155 Mb/s@50-56 MHz

Frequency band: [GHz] 18 23 26 32 38
BER ≤ 10-6 [dBm] -74 -74 -73.5 -72.5 -72
BER ≤ 10-8 [dBm] -73 -73 -72.5 -71.5 -71
BER ≤ 10-10 [dBm] -72.5 -72.5 -71.5 -70.5 -70

8.7 Receiver Threshold 311 Mb/s@56 MHz ETSI
Frequency band:
5 L6 U6 7/8 11 13/15 18/23 26 28 32 38
[GHz]
BER ≤ 10-6 [dBm] -65.5 -65.5 -65.5 -65.5 -65 -64.5 -63.5 -63 -62 -62 -61
BER ≤ 10-8 [dBm] -64.5 -64.5 -64.5 -64 -63.5 -63 -62.5 -61.5 -60.5 -60.5 -60
BER ≤ 10-10 [dBm] -63 -63 -63 -63 -62.5 -62 -61 -60.5 -59 -59 -58.5
8.8 Receiver Threshold 311 Mb/s@50 MHz ANSI

Frequency band: [GHz] 18 23 38
BER ≤ 10-6 [dBm] -62 -62 -60
BER ≤ 10-8 [dBm] -60.5 -60.5 -58
BER ≤ 10-10 [dBm] -58.5 -58.5 -56

8.9 System Gain Standard Power
Typical values @ BER 10-6 - ref point C’C [dB]
System Capacity / 18/23 18/23

L6 U6 7/8 11 13/15 26 28 32 38
Frequency band: [GHz] ETSI ANSI
155 Mb/s@28MHz 86
96 96 95 92.5 89 86 85 83.5 83 82
128MLCM
155 Mb/s@40MHz
- 98.5 97.5 95 - 89 91 - - - -
64MLCM
155 Mb/s@56MHz
- - - - - 92 - 91 90 89.5 88.5
32MLCM
155 Mb/s@50MHz
- - - - - - 94 - - - 88.5
32MLCM
311 Mb/s@56MHz
90.5 90.5 89.5 87 83.5 80.5 - 79.5 78.5 78 76.5
256MLCM
311 Mb/s@50MHz
- - - - - - -78 - - . 74.5
256MLCM
Table 8-8 System gain standard power
8.10 System Gain High Power

System Capacity /
5 L6 U6 7 8 10 11
Frequency band: [GHz]
155 Mb/s@28MHz
101 101 101 100 100 97.5 97.5
128MLCM
155 Mb/s@40MHz
103.5 - 103.5 - 102.5 - 100
64MLCM
311 Mb/s@56MHz
94.5 94.5 94.5 93.5 93.5 91 91
256MLCM
Table 8-9 System gain high power

9. RADIO CHARACTERISTICS METRO – LONG HAUL
9.1 General
Typical values in dB measured with modulation (PRBS-data). Ref. Point B’ and B.
Tx and Rx tolerance is ± 1.5 dB. For RF-Branching loss see chapter 13.3.1
9.2 Output Power High Power XCVR
Frequency band: [GHz] 5 L6 U6 7 8 10 11
155 Mb/s@28MHz
+29.5 +29.5 +29 +28 +27.5 +25 +25
128 MLCM - ACAP
155 Mb/s@28MHz
+29.5 +29.5 +29 +27.5 +27.5 +25 +25
128MLCM – ACCP
155 Mb/s@40MHz
+30 - +29 - +28 - +25
64MLCM
Table 9-1 Nominal output power Long Haul System, 155 Mb/s
9.3 Receiver Thresholds – 155 Mb/s@28 MHz- ACAP
Frequency band: [GHz] 5 L6 U6 7 8 10/11
BER ≤ 10-6 [dBm] -70.5 -70 -70 -69,5 -69,5 -68
BER ≤ 10-8 [dBm] -69 -68.5 -68.5 -68 -68 -66.5
BER ≤ 10-10 [dBm] -67.5 -67.5 -67 -67 -66.5 -65.5
Table 9-2 Receiver threshold, 155 Mb/s
9.4 Receiver Thresholds – 155 Mb/s@28 MHz-ACCP
BER ≤ 10-6 [dBm] -69 -69 -69 -68.5 -68 -67
BER ≤ 10-8 [dBm] -67 -67.5 -67 -66.5 -66.5 -65
BER ≤ 10-10 [dBm] -65.5 -65.5 -65.5 -65 -64.5 -63.5

9.5 Receiver Thresholds 155 Mb/s@40 MHz ACCP & ACAP
Frequency band:
5 U6 8 11
[GHz]
BER ≤ 10-6 [dBm] -73.5 -72.5 -72 -71
BER ≤ 10-8 [dBm] -72.5 -71.5 -71 -70
BER ≤ 10-10 [dBm] -71.5 -70.5 -70 -69
9.6 System Gain Long Haul System

Typical values @ BER 10-6 - ref point B’-B [dB]
System Capacity /
5 L6 U6 7 8 10 11
155 Mb/s@28MHz
100 100 99 97.5 97 93 93
128MLCM – ACAP
155 Mb/s@28MHz
98.5 99 98 96 95.5 92 92
128MLCM – ACCP
155 Mb/s@40MHz
103.5 - 101.5 - 100 - 96
64MLCM
Table 9-5 System gain high power
9.7 System characteristics for Space Diversity (SD)
9.7.1 General
A Space Diversity system includes a Space Diversity transceiver unit, which contains one transmitter and
two receivers. The control functions are included in the transceiver unit.
9.7.2 Combining principles and performance

The combining method is in-phase IF-combining. The effect of this combining is an improvement of the
receiver threshold in fading situations when input levels are low. The improvement is at least 2.5 dB for
signals of the same level at an arbitrary phase difference
Maximum difference of wave-guide lengths between main and diversity antennas is 30 meters for a
standard space transceiver. An additional 30 meters is offered as an option. The static delay
compensation is automatically adjusted during system installation via the Web interface. External delay
compensation or external instruments are not needed.

10. RADIO CHARACTERISTICS XPAND - ODU SYSTEM - ETSI DATA RATES
10.1 General
Typical values in dB measured with modulation (PRBS-data). Ref. Point C’ and C.
Tx and Rx tolerance is ± 1.5 dB for 5-11 GHz and ± 2 dB for 13-38 GHz
10.1.1 Output Power Standard Power ODU

Frequency band:
L6 U6 7/8 11 13/15 18/23 26 28 32 38
[GHz]
155 Mb/s (75xE1)
+25 +25 +24 +22 +19 +17 +16.5 +16.5 +16 +15.5
28MHz - 128MLCM
155 Mb/s (75xE1)
- +25 +24 +22 - - - - - -
40MHz -64MLCM
155 Mb/s (75xE1)
- - - - - +18 +17.5 +17.5 +17 +16.5
56MHz -32MLCM
100 Mb/s (50xE1)
+27 +27 +25 +24 +21 +18 +18.5 +18.5 +18 +17.5
28MHz -32MLCM
80 Mb/s (40xE1)
+28 +28 +26 +25 +22 +19 +19.5 +19.5 +19 +18.5
28MHz -16QAM
56 Mb/s (28xE1)
+25 +25 +24 +22 +19 +17 +16.5 +16.5 +16 +15.5
14MHz -16MLCM
40 Mb/s (20xE1)
+28 +28 +26 +25 +22 +19 +19.5 +19.5 +19 +18.5
14MHz -16MLCM
32 Mb/s (16xE1)
+28 +28 +27 +25 +22 +20 +19.5 +19.5 +19 +18.5
28MHz -4QAM
32 Mb/s (16xE1)
+28 +28 +26 +25 +22 +19 +19.5 +19.5 +19 +18.5
14MHz -16QAM
16 Mb/s (8xE1)
+28 +28 +27 +25 +22 +20 +19.5 +19.5 +19 +18.5
14MHz -4QAM
16 Mb/s (8xE1)
+28 +28 +26 +25 +22 +19 +19.5 +19.5 +19 +18.5
7MHz -4QAM
8 Mb/s (4xE1)
+28 +28 +27 +25 +22 +20 +19.5 +19.5 +19 +18.5
7MHz -4QAM
10.1.2 Output Power High Power ODU
155 Mb/s (75xE1)

28MHz - 128MLCM +30 +30 +30 +29 +29 +27
40 MHz – 64MLCM
100Mb/s – 8 Mb/s +29 +29 +29 +28 +28 +26

10.1.3 Output Power LC ODU, Low Capacity Optimised
Frequency band:
7 8 10
[GHz]
8-80 Mb/s +23 +23 +22
100 Mb/s +22 +22 +21
155 Mb/s +20 +20 +19
Table 10-3 Nominal output power LC ODU
10.2 Receiver Threshold 155 Mb/s (75xE1) Mb/s

These thresholds are equal to 155 Mb/s thresholds for METRO. Please refer to values in chapter 1.1 to
8.6.
10.3 Receiver Threshold 100 Mb/s (50xE1) - 28 MHz BW

Frequency band:
5 L6 U6 7/8 10/11 13/15 18/23 26 28 32 38
[GHz]
BER ≤ 10-6 [dBm] -77.5 -77.5 -77.5 -77.5 -77 -76.5 -75.5 -75 -74 -73.5 -73
BER ≤ 10-8 [dBm] -77 -77 -76.5 -76.5 -76 -75 -74.5 -74 -73 -73 -72.5
BER ≤ 10-10 [dBm] -76 -76 -75.5 -75.5 -75 -74 -74 -73 -72 -72 -71.5
Table 10-4 Receiver threshold 50xE1 in 28 MHz channel

Frequency band:
5 L6 U6 7/8 10/11 13/15 18/23 26 28 32 38
[GHz]
BER ≤ 10-6 [dBm] -79 -79 -79 -79 -78.5 -78 -77 -76.5 -75.5 -75 -74.5
BER ≤ 10-8 [dBm] -77.5 -77.5 -77.5 -77.5 -77 -76.5 -75.5 -75 -74 -73.5 -73
BER ≤ 10-10 [dBm] -76 -76 -76 -76 -75.5 -75 -74 -73.5 -72.5 -72 -71.5

Frequency band:
L6 U6 7 8 10/11 13/15 18/23 26 28 32 38
[GHz]
BER ≤ 10-6 [dBm] -78.5 -78.5 -78.5 -78.5 -78 -77 -76 -75,5 -74.5 -74 -73.5
BER ≤ 10-8 [dBm] -77.5 -77.5 -77.5 -77.5 -77 -76 -75 -74,5 -73.5 -73 -72.5
BER ≤ 10-10 [dBm] -76.5 -76.5 -76.5 -76.5 -76 -75 -74 -73,5 -72.5 -72 -71.5

Frequency band:
L6 U6 7 8 10/11 13/15 18/23 26 28 32 38
[GHz]
BER ≤ 10-6 [dBm] -81.5 -81 -81 -81 -80.5 -80 -79.5 -78.5 -77.5 -77.5 -77
BER ≤ 10-8 [dBm] -80 -80 -80 -80 -79.5 -79 -78 -77.5 -76.5 -76.5 -75.5
BER ≤ 10-10 [dBm] -79 -79 -79 -79 -78.5 -78 -77 -76.5 -75 -75 -74.5
10.7 Receiver Threshold 32 Mb/s(16xE1) - 28 MHz BW

Frequency band:
L6 U6 7 8 10/11 13/15 18/23 26 28 32 38
[GHz]
BER ≤ 10-6 [dBm] -86.5 -86.5 -86.5 -86.5 -86 -85.5 -84.5 -84 -83 -82.5 -82
BER ≤ 10-8 [dBm] -85.5 -85.5 -85.5 -85.5 -85 -84.5 -83.5 -83 -81.5 -81.5 -81
BER ≤ 10-10 [dBm] -84.5 -84.5 -84.5 -84.5 -84 -83.5 -82.5 -82 -80.5 -80.5 -80
10.8 Receiver Threshold 32 Mb/s(16xE1) - 14 MHz BW

Frequency band:
L6 U6 7 8 10/11 13/15 18/23 26 28/32 38
[GHz]
BER ≤ 10-6 [dBm] -84.5 -84.5 -84.5 -84.5 -84 -83.5 -82.5 -82 -80.5 -80
BER ≤ 10-8 [dBm] -83.5 -83.5 -83.5 -83.5 -83 -82.5 -81.5 -81 -80 -79
BER ≤ 10-10 [dBm] -82.5 -82.5 -82.5 -82.5 -82 -81.5 80.5 -80 -79 -78

Frequency band:
L6 U6 7/8 10/11 13/15 18/23 26 28 32 38
[GHz]
BER ≤ 10-6 [dBm] -89.5 -89.5 -89.5 -89 -88.5 -87.5 -87 -86 -85.5 -85
BER ≤ 10-8 [dBm] -88.5 -88.5 -88.5 -88 -87.5 -86.5 -86 -84.5 -84.5 -84
BER ≤ 10-10 [dBm] -87.5 -87.5 -87.5 -87 -86.5 -85.5 -85 -83.5 -83.5 -83

Frequency band:
L6 U6 7/8 10/11 13/15 18/23 26 28 32 38
[GHz]
BER ≤ 10-6 [dBm] -87 -86.5 -86.5 -86 -85.5 -84.5 -84 -83 -83 -82.5
BER ≤ 10-8 [dBm] -85 -85 -85 -84.5 -84 -83 -82.5 -81.5 -81.5 -80.5
BER ≤ 10-10 [dBm] -84 -84 -84 -83.5 -83 -82 -81.5 -80 80 -79.5

Frequency band:
L6 U6 7/8 10/11 13/15 18/23 26 28 32 38
[GHz]
BER ≤ 10-6 [dBm] -92.5 -92 -92 -91.5 -91 -90.5 -89.5 -88.5 -88.5 -88
BER ≤ 10-8 [dBm] -91.5 -91.5 -91.5 -91 -90.5 -89.5 -89 -87.5 -87.5 -87
BER ≤ 10-10 [dBm] -90.5 -90.5 -90.5 -90 89.5 -88.5 -88 -86.5 -86.5 -86

10.12 System Gain Standard power - ETSI (E1 based) systems
System Capacity /
L6 U6 7/8 11 13/15 18/23 26 28 32 38
155 Mb/s (75xE1)
96 96 95 92.5 89 86 85 83.5 83 82
28MHz - 128MLCM
155 Mb/s (75xE1)
- 98.5 97.5 95 - 89 - - - -
40MHz -64MLCM
155 Mb/s (75xE1)
- - - - - 92 91 90 89.5 88.5
56MHz -32MLCM
100 Mb/s (50xE1)
104.5 104.5 103.5 101 97.5 94.5 93.5 92.5 91.5 90.5
28MHz -32MLCM
80 Mb/s (40xE1)
107 107 106 103.5 100 97 96 95 94 93
28MHz -16QAM
56 Mb/s (28xE1)
103.5 103.5 102.5 100 96 93 92 91 90 89
14MHz -16MLCM
40 Mb/s (20xE1)
109.5 109 108 105.5 102 99.5 98 97 96.5 95.5
14MHz -16MLCM
32 Mb/s (16xE1)
114.5 114.5 113.5 111 107.5 104.5 103.5 102.5 101.5 100.5
28MHz -4QAM
32 Mb/s (16xE1)
112.5 112.5 111.5 109 105.5 102.5 101.5 100 99.5 98.5
14MHz -16QAM
16 Mb/s (8xE1)
117.5 117.5 116.5 114 110.5 107.5 106.5 105.5 104.5 103.5
14MHz -4QAM
16 Mb/s (8xE1)
115 114.5 113.5 111 107.5 104.5 103.5 102.5 102 101
7MHz -4QAM
8 Mb/s (4xE1)
120.5 120 119 116.5 113 110.5 109 108 107.5 106.5
7MHz -4QAM
Table 10-13 System gain Standard Power - ETSI

10.13 System Gain High power - ETSI (E1 based) systems
System Capacity /
5 L6 U6 7 8 10 11
155 Mb/s (75xE1)
101 101 101 100 100 97.5 97.5
28MHz - 128MLCM
155 Mb/s (75xE1)
103.5 - 103.5 - 102.5 - 100
40MHz -64MLCM
155 Mb/s (75xE1)
56MHz -32MLCM 106.5 106.5 106.5 105.5 105.5 103 103
100 Mb/s (50xE1)
28MHz -32MLCM 108 108 108 107 107 104.5 104.5
80 Mb/s (40xE1)
28MHz -16QAM 107.5 107.5 107.5 106.5 106.5 104 104
56 Mb/s (28xE1)
14MHz -16MLCM 110.5 110.5 110 109 109 106.5 106.5
40 Mb/s (20xE1)
14MHz -16MLCM 113.5 113.5 113.5 112.5 112.5 110 110
32 Mb/s (16xE1)
28MHz -4QAM 115.5 115.5 115.5 114.5 114.5 112 112
32 Mb/s (16xE1)
14MHz -16QAM 116 116 115.5 114.5 114.5 112 112
16 Mb/s (8xE1)
14MHz -4QAM 118.5 118.5 118.5 117.5 117.5 115 115
16 Mb/s (8xE1)
7MHz -4QAM 121.5 121.5 121 120 120 117.5 117.5
Table 10-14 System gain high power - ETSI

11. RADIO CHARACTERISTICS XPAND - ODU SYSTEM - ANSI DATA RATES
11.1 General
Typical values in dB measured with modulation (PRBS-data). Ref. Point C’ and C.
Tx and Rx tolerance is ± 1.5 dB for 5-11 GHz and ± 2 dB for 13-38 GHz
11.2 Output Power Standard Power ODU
Frequency band: [GHz] L6 U6 7/8 11 18 23 38
155 Mb/s (96xT1)

+25 +25 +24 +22 +17 +17 -
30MHz - 128 MLCM
155 Mb/s (96xT1)
- - - +22 +19 +19 -
40MHz – 64 MLCM
155 Mb/s (96xT1)
- - - - +20 +20 +16.5
50MHz - 32 MLCM
125 Mb/s (80xT1)
- - - - - - +15.5
25MHz - 128 MLCM
125 Mb/s (80xT1)
+26 - - +23 +19 +19 -
30MHz - 64 MLCM
125 Mb/s (80xT1)
- - - - +20 +20 -
40MHz - 32 MLCM
125 Mb/s (80xT1)
- - - - +20 +20 +18.5
50MHz - 16 MLCM
100 Mb/s (64xT1)
- +25 +24 - +17 +17 +15.5
20MHz – 128 MLCM
100 Mb/s (64xT1)
+27 - - +24 +20 +20 -
30MHz – 32 MLCM
100 Mb/s (64xT1)
- - - - +20 +20 +20
40MHz – 16 QAM
50 Mb/s (32xT1)
+25 +25 +24 +22 +17 +17 -
10MHz – 128 MLCM
50 Mb/s (32xT1)
- - - - +20 +20 +18.5
20MHz – 16 MLCM
25 Mb/s (16xT1)
- - - - +20 +20 -
10MHz – 16 MLCM
25 Mb/s (16xT1)
- - - - +20 +20 +18.5
20MHz – 4QAM
22 Mb/s (14xT1)
+25 +25 +24 +22 - - -
5MHz – 128 MLCM
12 Mb/s (8xT1)
- - - - +20 +20 -
5MHz – 16QAM
12 Mb/s (8xT1)
- - - - +20 +20 -
10MHz – 4QAM
6 Mb/s (4xT1)
- - - - +20 +20 -
5MHz – 4QAM

11.3 Output Power High Power ODU

155 Mb/s (96xT1)
30 30 30 29 29 27
30MHz - 128 MLCM
155 Mb/s (96xT1)
30 - - - - 27
40MHz – 64 MLCM
125 Mb/s (80xT1)
29 29 - - - 26
30MHz - 64 MLCM
100 Mb/s (64xT1)
29 - 29 28 28 -
20MHz – 128 MLCM
100 Mb/s (64xT1)
29 29 - - - -
30MHz – 32 MLCM
50 Mb/s (32xT1)
29 29 29 28 28 26
10MHz – 128 MLCM
22 Mb/s (14xT1)
29 29 29 28 28 26
5MHz – 128 MLCM

11.4 Receiver Threshold 155 Mb/s (96xT1)
These thresholds are equal to 155 Mb/s thresholds for METRO. Please refer to values in chapter 1.1 to
8.6.

Frequency band:
L6 10/11 18/23 38
[GHz]
BW [MHz] 30 30 30 40 50 25 50
BER ≤ 10-6 [dBm] -74.5 -74 -72.5 -76 -78 -67.5 -75
BER ≤ 10-8 [dBm] -73.5 -72.5 -71.5 -75.5 -77 -66 -74.5
BER ≤ 10-10 [dBm] -72 -71.5 -70 -74.5 -76 -65 -74
Table 11-3 Receiver thresholds 80xT1
Frequency band:
L6 U6 7 8 10/11 18/23 38
[GHz]
BW [MHz] 30 20 20 20 30 20 30 40 25
BER ≤ 10-6 [dBm] -78.5 -72.5 -72.5 -72.5 -77.5 -70.5 -77 -80 -68.5
BER ≤ 10-8 [dBm] -77.5 -71 -71 -71 -77 -69.5 -76.5 -78,5 -67
BER ≤ 10-10 [dBm] -77 -70 -70 -70 -76 -68 -76 -77.5 -66
Table 11-4 Receiver thresholds 64xT1
Frequency band:
L6 U6 7/8 10/11 18/23 38
[GHz]
BW [MHz] 10 10 10 10 10 20 25
BER ≤ 10-6 [dBm] -74.5 -74.5 -74.5 -74 -72.5 -83 -78.5
BER ≤ 10-8 [dBm] -72.5 -72.5 -72.5 -72 -70.5 -82.5 -78
BER ≤ 10-10 [dBm] -71 -70.5 -70.5 -70 -69 -81.5 -77
Table 11-5 Receiver threshold 32xT1

Frequency band:
18/23 38
[GHz]
BW [MHz] 10 20
25
BER ≤ 10-6 [dBm] -83 -86 -83.5
BER ≤ 10-8 [dBm] -82 -85 -82.5
BER ≤ 10-10 [dBm] -80.5 -84 -81.5
11.9 Receiver Threshold 22 Mb/s (14xT1) – 5 MHz BW

Frequency band:
L6 U6 7/8 10/11
[GHz]
BER ≤ 10-6 [dBm] -79 -79 -79 -78,5
BER ≤ 10-8 [dBm] -77.5 -77.5 -77.5 -77
BER ≤ 10-10 [dBm] -76.5 -76.5 -76.5 -76

Frequency band:
18/23
[GHz]
BW [MHz] 10 5
BER ≤ 10-6 [dBm] -88.5 -83
BER ≤ 10-8 [dBm] -88 -81.5
BER ≤ 10-10 [dBm] -87 -80.5
Table 11-8 Receiver threshold 8xT1 in 10 MHz channel
11.11 Receiver Threshold 6 Mb/s (4xT1) - 5 MHz BW

Frequency band:
18 23
[GHz]
BER ≤ 10-6 [dBm] -89.5 -89.5
BER ≤ 10-8 [dBm] -88 -88
BER ≤ 10-10 [dBm] -87 -87
Table 11-9 Receiver threshold 4xT1 in 5 MHz channel

11.12 System Gain Standard Power - ANSI (T1 based) systems
System Capacity /
L6 U6 7/8 11 18 23 38
155 Mb/s (96xT1)
96 96 95 92.5 86 86 -
30MHz - 128 MLCM
155 Mb/s (96xT1)
- - - 95 91 91 -
40MHz – 64 MLCM
155 Mb/s (96xT1)
- - - - 94 94 88.5
50MHz - 32 MLCM
125 Mb/s (80xT1)
- - - - - - 83
25MHz - 128 MLCM
125 Mb/s (80xT1)
100.5 - - 97 91.5 91.5 -
30MHz - 64 MLCM
125 Mb/s (80xT1)
- - - - 96 96 -
40MHz - 32 MLCM
125 Mb/s (80xT1)
- - - - 98 97.5 93.5
50MHz - 16 MLCM
100 Mb/s (64xT1)
- 97.5 96.5 - 87.5 87.5 84
20MHz – 128 MLCM
100 Mb/s (64xT1)
105.5 - - 101.5 97 97 -
30MHz – 32 MLCM
100 Mb/s (64xT1)
100 100
40MHz – 16 QAM
50 Mb/s (32xT1)
99.5 99.5 98.5 96 89.5 89.5 -
10MHz – 128 MLCM
50 Mb/s (32xT1)
- - - - 103 103 97
20MHz – 16 MLCM
25 Mb/s (16xT1)
- - - - 103 103 -
10MHz – 16 MLCM
25 Mb/s (16xT1)
- - - - 106 106 102
20MHz – 4QAM
22 Mb/s (14xT1)
104 104 103 100.5 - - -
5MHz – 128 MLCM
12 Mb/s (8xT1)
- - - - 103 103 -
5MHz – 16QAM
12 Mb/s (8xT1)
- - - - 108.5 108.5 -
10MHz – 4QAM
6 Mb/s (4xT1)
- - - - 109.5 109.5 -
5MHz – 4QAM
Table 11-10 System gain Standard Power - ANSI

11.13 System Gain High Power - ANSI (T1 based) systems
Frequency band: [GHz] L6 U6 7 8 10/11

155 Mb/s (96xT1)
101 101 100 100 97.5
30MHz - 128 MLCM
155 Mb/s (96xT1)
- - - - 100
40MHz – 64 MLCM
125 Mb/s (80xT1)
103.5 - - - 100
30MHz - 64 MLCM
100 Mb/s (64xT1)
- 101.5 100.5 100.5 -
20MHz – 128 MLCM
100 Mb/s (64xT1)
107.5 - - - 103.5
30MHz – 32 MLCM
50 Mb/s (32xT1)
103.5 103.5 102.5 102.5 100
10MHz – 128 MLCM
22 Mb/s (14xT1)
108 108 107 107 104.5
5MHz – 128 MLCM
Table 11-11 System gain High Power - ANSI

12. UNIT DESCRIPTIONS
12.1 Transceiver (XCVR) and OutDoor Unit (ODU)

The XCVR and ODU hardware is capacity and modulation independent. The XCVR consists of the
Transmitter and the Receiver and it is tuneable over the whole frequency band, both high and low part.
Three XCVR variants are available Standard Power, High Power and Low Power. The last being a Low
Capacity optimised XCVR for 7, 8 and 10 GHz.
L6,U6 and 11 7 and 8 13 and 15

ODU Types 5 GHz GHz 10 GHz 18-38 GHz
GHz GHz
Standard Power - x x - x x
High Power x x x X - -
Low Cap - - x X - -
The high power XCVR Unit is used as a standalone unit in the long haul systems with RF branching.
Standard power XCVR can also be used. For high power both normal XCVR and Space Diversity XCVR
is available.
The ODU consists of a XCVR and a Diplexer, where the diplexer determines the sub-band coverage.
The ODU is normally mounted directly to the antenna for all configurations. In HSB and 1+1/2+0
configurations an RF-Coupler is used when connecting the ODU to the antenna interface.
An optional pole mount kit is also available.
Figure 12-1 XCVR and ODU

12.2 Universal Interface Unit (IFU)
The Evolution Series IFU is a 1RU high modular unit, containing 9 plug-in slots for various units. The
modular architecture with plug-in slots enables a high degree of flexibility, ease of upgrading/changing
configurations and easy maintenance.
Figure 12-2 IFU, 1+0 system

The basic IFU frame is common in all configurations and up to four basic IFU frames and one DXC
frame (optional) be stacked together by a rear mounted IFU connection panel.
- The lower left position (1) contains the Supervisory Unit. The Supervisory Unit is handling the
configuration of all system units as well as reporting system status to the EM/NMS system. LAN2
port or both ports on the Supervisory Unit are used for Ethernet User traffic in XPAND mode.
- The rightmost position (6) houses the FAN Unit, handling the ventilation and temperature
management of the IFU frame.
- Line Interface units can be placed in slots 1-5 depending on system configuration. The 25E1, 16T1
and Ethernet traffic interfaces are full height and covers the upper Aux/Serv. position as well. The
Gigabit Ethernet Unit must be placed in slot 3 if mapping in more than one STM-1 is required.
- The DXC Unit must be placed in slot 3. The DXC units contain the SETS function and external
interface.
- The Radio Interface units and Power Supply Unit must be placed in slot 4 or 5. The RIU provides
connection to the ODU/XCVR and includes power supply to the IFU and the ODU/XCVR. The
Power Supply Unit is used in IFUs without RIU.
- The upper Aux/Serv. slots (7, 8 and 9) house any Auxiliary or Service Channel units, such as Alarm
and Control Unit, Wayside Unit, 64 kb Data Channels Unit and EOW Unit.
All units can be replaced in the field. Non traffic carrying units can be replaced without interrupting the
service. See paragraph 12 for further description of the various plug-in units.
Slot # SU LIU RIU DXC AUX FAN

1 X X
2 X
3 X X
4 X X
5 X X
6 X
7 X
8 X
9 X
Figure 12-3 Slot Matrix Universal IFU

12.3 Access IFUs
The Access IFUs are 1RU units, containing supervisory unit and fixed interfaces for E1/T1, Ethernet,
Management traffic and 64 kb/s. See Table 12-1 for versions. The IFUs can have one or two radio
interface units, for 1+0 or 1+1/HSB configuration. The radio interface unit is the same used with the
Universal IFU and Access IFUs are compatible over the hop with the Universal IFU in XPAND mode.
Figure 12-4 Access IFU, 1+0 terminal

TDM Ethernet Traffic Management 64 kb/s
interfaces Interfaces Ethernet Interfaces channels
4 E1 - 2x10/100BASE-TX -
16 E1 2x10/100BASE-TX 2x10/100BASE-TX 1
4 T1 2x10/100BASE-TX 2x10/100BASE-TX -
16 T1 2x10/100BASE-TX 2x10/100BASE-TX 1
Table 12-1 Access IFUs, XPAND
12.4 Supervisory Unit

The Supervisory Unit is handling the configuration of all the system units as well as reporting system
status to the EM/NMS system. It has two 10/100 BASE-TX Ethernet ports and two USB ports; one host
port and one device port.
The Ethernet ports are used for management access and Ethernet user data interface.
User Traffic
In XPAND mode this is the standard user Ethernet interface and the traffic is mapped in to the radio
frame together with E1/T1s.
In METRO mode user traffic from this interface is mapped into the 2 Mb/s Wayside channel in the SOH.
The Unit can be configured to use both ports or only LAN2 for user traffic.
Management
The ports are connected to an internal switch and can both be used for connection to the EM/NMS
system and/or for connecting terminals together in an Management LAN.
An internal OSFP/RIP router handles routing of management traffic. See chapter 16.5
The USB host port serve as the LCT port.
12.5 Radio Interface Unit – RIU

The RIU contains the interface for connecting the IFU to one ODU/XCVR with a single coaxial cable. It
also contains the connector for power supply to the terminal. There are two RIUs available, one which
supports datarates up to 155 Mb/s and one for rates up to 311 Mb/s.

12.6 Line Interface Unit – LIU
The LIU contains the interface for connecting the user traffic to the IFU.
12.6.1 STM-1/OC-3 Line Interface Units

There is one electrical and four optical STM-1/OC-3 interface units.
The optical interface units are using SFP modules, but they are sold as complete units.
• Electrical (G.703) interface unit.
• Optical single mode (S-1.1) interface unit.
• Optical single mode (L-1.1) interface unit.
• Optical single mode (L-1.2) interface unit.
• Optical multi mode interface unit.
12.6.2 E1/T1 Interface Units

Four E1/T1 interface units are available, 25xE1, 12xE1, 16xT1 and 8xT1. The number of interfaces on
the unit does not need to correspond with the capacity of the link. The interface can be used in both
METRO and XPAND mode. In METRO mode the DXC unit or DXC Frame is also required.
• 25xE1 interface unit.
• 12xE1 interface unit.
• 8xT1 interface unit.
• 16xT1 interface unit.
12.6.3 3xE3/DS3 Interface Unit

The 3xE3/D3 Unit is used in METRO mode. Both SONET and SDH mapping is supported and in SDH
mode it is also possible to mix E3 and DS3.DXC Unit or DXC Frame is required
12.6.4 STM-4/OC-12 Line Interface Units

The STM-4/OC-12 unit is used in METRO mode. It can be used in combination with STM-1/OC-3 units
or the Gigabit Ethernet Unit.
12.6.5 Ethernet Interface Unit

The Gigabit Ethernet Interface is used in METRO mode. It performs advanced Ethernet over SDH
functions. The Gigabit Ethernet Interface unit has three 10/100 BASE-TX ports, one 10/100/1000 BASE-
TX port and one SFP slot for 1000BASE-X. The SFP unit is a separate unit. See chapter 3.7 for more
details.

12.7 Digital X-Connect Unit
The optional DXC Unit handles SDH/SONET x-connect and SNCP function as well as SETS function.
The multiplex structure is selectable between SDH and SONET. The SETS function handles node
synchronisation and selection of synchronisation sources. The unit can be used together with
ODU/XCVR and LIUs or with only LIUs as a standalone ADM/DXC. It has a non-blocking cross-
connect capability at VT1.5, VC-12, VC-3/STS-1 and VC-4/STS-3 levels with a total cross-connect
capacity of 4×VC-4/STS-3
12.8 Digital X-Connect Frame

The optional DXC Frame handles SDH/SONET x-connect and SNCP function as well as the SETS
function. The external 2 MHz synchronisation interface is included in the plug-in Power and Sync Unit.
The multiplex structure is selectable between SDH and SONET. The unit can be used together with
ODU/XCVR and LIUs or with only LIUs as a standalone ADM/DXC. It has a non-blocking cross-
connect capability at VT1.5, VC-12, VC-3/STS-1 and VC-4/STS-3 levels with a total cross-connect
capacity of 8×VC-4/STS-3.
12.9 Wayside Unit

The SDH/SONET Wayside Unit supports two wayside channels, selectable to either E1 or T1 traffic.
One RF-channel can carry one wayside channel. Only used in METRO mode.
12.10 EOW Unit (Service channel)

The EOW Unit provides a party line service channel for voice communication to other terminals in the
network and two 64kbit/s co-directional interfaces.
The voice service channel provides the following functions:

• Selective call with two digit telephone number.
• Collective call by pressing *-button.
• Built-in bridge for east/west connections.
• 4-wire analogue interfaces for connection to other service channel equipment.
• One 4-wire Interface with level adjustment
• Two Other Equipment (OE1 and OE2 ) interfaces
• The two OE interfaces can be configured for Daisy-chain operation
• The pinning configuration is adapted to standard Ethernet CAT-5 cable; this enables use of standard
cables.
The IFU can be equipped with two service telephone plug-in units unit. A standard telephone handset
connects to the unit.
The 64 kb/s channels serves the same purposes as described in chapter 12.12.
12.11 Alarm and Control Unit

The unit provides interfaces for collection of external alarms or analogue values, and relays for external
alarm and control outputs. Each interface can be configured individually
• Eight alarm inputs
• Four relay outputs which can be configured to Latched, Pulsed or Alarm Output mode.
• Seven analogue inputs

12.12 64 kb/s Serial Channel Unit
The unit contains four 64kbit/s channel interfaces. Two with co-directional interface, one with contra-
directional interface and one V.11 interface (without byte timing). The channels are used for user traffic
and can be routed towards line or radio. In addition the unit can set up a 64 kb/s connection from the
Supervisory unit towards the physical interface or towards a 64 kb/s overhead channel.
12.13 Fan Unit

The Fan Unit handles temperature management of the IFU and consists of three fans. An alarm is
generated if one of the fans should fail. The Fan Unit is field replaceable without interrupting the service.
12.14 Power Supply and Sync Unit

This unit contains the power supply interface to the DXC frame and the 2 MHz External synchronization
interface.
12.15 Power Supply Unit

This unit is used in configurations where and IFU is not equipped with RIU.
12.16 LEDs
All IFU units have a LED indicating power on and alarm status.
• Continuous green Power on, normal operation
• Slow blinking green Unit is initiating
• Fast blinking green Units is receiving configuration
• Continuous red Alarm on unit
• Slow blinking red Unit is receiving configuration
• Fast blinking red Units is not configured or is placed in a wrong IFU slot

13. DIPLEXER, BRANCHING AND ANTENNA INTERFACE
13.1 Diplexer description

The diplexer determines the ODU sub-band coverage and duplex spacing. Most frequency bands are
divided into only two sub-bands. See APPENDIX 1 for details. ODU transmit and receive frequency can
be set to any frequency within the given range.
13.2 RF-Coupler
The additional loss for RF-Coupler is given in Table 13-1. The RF-Coupler is used in protected
configurations and single polarised 2+0 systems.
Symmetrical RF- Asymmetrical RF-Coupler
Coupler Main Protection
Nom Max Nom Max Nom Max
Transmission loss [dB]
3.4 3.8 1.5 2 6.5 7
Tx or Rx
Table 13-1 RF-Coupler loss
13.2.1 RF-input return loss ODU

RF-input return loss is 18 dB for 5-11 GHz and 16 dB for 13-38 GHz at point CC’
13.3 Low Loss Branching description

The branching system contains channel filters and circulators connecting from one to eight channels to
one antenna. The branching can also be split when used with dual polarised antennas; one part connects
to the horizontal and one to the vertical port antenna port. If system expansion is planned, the branching
can be delivered for the final configuration.
13.3.1 Branching loss long haul system

The figures (worst case) are given for B’- B:
Max loss [dB]
# of channels on common Adj.ch on opposite Adj.ch on same
polarisation polarization, or on same polarization with <30
polarization with >30 MHz distance
MHz distance
1 0.6 0.6
2 1.0 1.2
3 1.4 1.8
4 1.8 2.4
5 2.2 3.0
6 2.6 3.6
7 3.0 4.2
8 3.4 4.8
HSB 5.3 5.3
Table 13-2 Branching loss

13.3.2 RF-filter characteristics
ACAP filters ACCP filters
Adj. ch. Typical Guar. Typical Guar.
Frequency Sep. Loss [dB] Loss [dB] Loss [dB] Loss [dB]
[MHz] A'-B'/ B-A A'-B'/ B-A A'-B'/ B-A A'-B'/ B-A
5 GHz ~28 1.5 ≤ 1.7 1.7 ≤ 1.9
5 GHz 40 1.4 ≤ 1.6 1.4 ≤ 1.6
L6 GHz ~28 1.5 ≤ 1.67 1.6 ≤ 1.8
U6 GHz ~28 2.0 2.2 2.3 ≤ 2.5
U6 GHz 40 1.9 ≤ 2.1 1.9 ≤ 2.1
7 GHz ~28 2.1 ≤ 2.3 2.3 ≤ 2.5
8 GHz ~28 2.3 ≤ 2.5 2.6 ≤ 2.8
8 GHz 40 2.1 ≤ 2.3 2.1 ≤ 2.3
10 GHz ~28 3.0 ≤ 3.2 3.2 ≤ 3.4
11 GHz ~28 3.0 ≤ 3.2 3.2 ≤ 3.4
11 GHz 40 2.8 ≤ 3.0 2.8 ≤ 3.0
• All versions, “worst case”
Table 13-3 RF-Filter characteristics
13.3.3 RF-input return loss

RF-input return loss, within the RF-channel bandwidth, at point CC’: > 24 dB (measured at the
subrack antenna interface).

13.4 Antenna Interface - Split Mount System with Diplexer
The interface between the ODU or RF-coupler and the antenna feeder system is rectangular waveguide
except 5 GHz which is using coaxial interface. (N-connector). The ODU and RF-Coupler aluminium
flanges are protected by chromate coating.
Frequency band
L6/U6 7/8 10/11 13 15 18/23/26 32/38
[GHz]
Diplexer- and
PDR70 CBR84 CBR100 CBR1200 CBR140 CBR220 CBR320
RF-Coupler
PDR CBR
Matching PDR70 / UBR84 UBR100 UBR120 UBR140 UBR220 UBR320
Flanges/Interface CPR137G PBR84 PBR100 PBR120 PBR140 PBR220 PBR320
Waveguide R70 / R84 / R100 / R120 / R140 / R220 / R320 /
(remote mount) WR137 WR112 WR90 WR75 WR62 WR42 WR28
Table 13-4 ODU flanges and waveguide
13.5 Antenna Interface – Long Haul RF-Filter Branching System

Frequency band
5 L6/U6 7/8 10/11
[GHz]
RF Branching
PDR48 PDR70 PDR84 PDR100
Flange Types
PDR48 / PDR70 / PDR84 / PDR100 /
Matching Flanges
CPR187G CPR137G CPR112G CPR90G
R48 / R70 / R84 / R100 /
Matching Waveguide
WR187 WR137 WR112 WR90
Table 13-5 Long Haul Branching flanges and waveguide

14. IFU-ODU INTERFACE
14.1 Cable interface characteristics

The following signals are transmitted via the cable:
• Transmit and Receive data signal.
• Power to the ODU.
• IFU - ODU Communication (IO-Com) for configuration and control of the ODU.
The cable interface has over-voltage, over-current and reverse polarity protection.
The equipment compensates automatically for different cable lengths.
14.2 Cable characteristics

The cable must be in accordance with the following requirements:
Characteristic impedance: 50 ± 3 Ω
Maximum attenuation at 47 MHz: 9 dB
Maximum cable length: 300 m
Connector: TNC, male
Recommended cables and maximum lengths at 40.5 Volt with standard power XCVR:
Cable Maximum cable length with

Ω
50Ω minimum supply voltage. (40.5
volt)
Cinta CNT 400 (¼″) (Andrew) 200
Heliax LDF1-50. (¼″) (Andrew) 200
Cellflex LCF 14-50J(¼″) (RFS) 200
Heliax LDF2-50. (3/8″) (Andrew) 300
Cellflex LCF 38-50J (3/8″) (RFS) 300
RG223 50
RG214 150
RGC213-50J 150
Table 14-1 Cable lengths, IFU-ODU cable

15. RADIO PROTECTION SWITCHING (RPS)
15.1 General
In order to facilitate switching without introducing bit-errors, a hitless switching system is provided. The
Radio Protection Switching function is used in HSB and n+1 Frequency Diversity configurations.
Automatic and manual switching is available. The manual switching can be hitless or forced and is
performed from the WEB Interface. In Hot Standby configurations the TX- and RX- switching at a
terminal normally operates independently, but they may be configured to operate together.
15.2 Low Priority Traffic

In METRO mode the protection channel can be utilized with low priority traffic at terminals without
DXC.
15.3 Base band switching operations

The protection switching equipment automatically replaces a faulty channel by the standby channel at
traffic disturbance. All channels can be enabled/disabled for different maintenance purposes.
15.4 Switching capability

The Radio Protection Switching function is capable to handle system configurations up to 7+1.
15.5 Priority of protection switching

The following is only relevant for N+1 systems where N>1:
The protection switching equipment is provided with facilities for setting the priority of any radio
channel by means of local or remote control through the built-in supervisory system. Indication of
relevant status is provided, both for local control and remote supervision. Each radio channel can be set
up with different priority.
15.6 Alignment specification

Automatic synchronization of the incoming digital signals is performed before switching takes place. The
alignment is based on bit-aligning of the datastream.
• Dynamic range: ±50 bit
15.7 Switching criteria, Rx
15.7.1 Continuity criteria

The continuity criteria are determined by the Out Of Frame (OOF) signal.
• Detection time OOF 5 x 125 µs = 625 µs
• Rx Alarm IFU (LOF, LOC)

15.7.2 Quality criteria
A quality criterion is determined by overrun of pre-set limits. For a quality criterion, three thresholds are
considered as limits for switching operation. Each criterion can be set to different Bit Error Rate levels
by the supervision system:
• HBER - Bit Error Rate exceeds a value of approx. 10-3 (default)
• LBER - Bit Error Rate exceeds a value of approx. 10-6 (default)
• EW - Bit Error Rate exceeds a value of approx. 10-10 (default)
• Low_RF - Receiver RF input level is below a set threshold.
The BER quality criteria are based on error information from the FEC decoder.
15.8 Switching operation time, Rx

The alarm detection time for BER will strongly depend on the severity of the channel disturbance. BER =
10-5 detection-time will be <1 ms if a degradation that will cause a bit-error rate of 10-4 or worse is
detected. A table giving approximate detection times at different bit-error-rates is given below. The
detection time will depend on the selected threshold for the different criteria:
Actual Switching Criteria Detection Time for Different Thresholds [ms]
-3 -4
BER 10 10 10-5 10-6 10-7 10-8 10-9 10-10 10-11 10-12
-3
1x10 1-2 0.4 -0.8 0.15 - 0.30 0.44 - 0.89 0.18 – 0.14 - 0.28 0.36 - 0.71 0.16 0.31 0.06 - 0.12 0.02 - 0.04
0.36
1x10-4 NA 1-2 0.37 - 0.73 1.11 - 2.22 0.44 – 0.36 - 0.71 0.89 - 1.78 0.39 0.78 0.16 - 0.31 0.04 - 0.09
0.89
1x10-5 NA NA 1-2 3.0 - 6.1 1.2. – 2.4 0.97 - 1.93 2.4 - 4.4 1.1 2.1 0.42 - 0.85 0.12 - 0.24
1x10-6 NA NA NA 8-16 3.2 – 6.4 2.6 - 5.1 6.4 - 12.8 2.8 5.6 1.1 - 2.2 0.32 - 0.64
1x10-7 NA NA NA NA 8-16 6.4 - 12.8 16 - 32 7 - 14 2.8 - 5.6 0.8 - 1.6
1x10-8 NA NA NA NA NA 16-32 40 - 80 17.5 - 35 7 - 14 2-4
1x10-9 NA NA NA NA NA NA 128-256 56 - 112 22 - 45 6.4 - 12.8
1x10-10 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 128-256 51 -102 15 - 29
1x10-11 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 128-256 37 - 73
1x10-12 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 128-256
Table 15-1 Switching operation time

NA - Not Available
The different BER criteria, HBER, LBER and Early Warning (EW), can be selected from the table
above. The only restriction is: HBER > LBER > EW.
A processing and communication time is added to the criteria detection time to get the total switching
operation time. The Communication and Processing time depends on system type and is given below:
• 1+1 Radio Protection Systems (without Low Priority Traffic): < 5 ms
• N+1 Radio Protection Systems (including 1+1 with Low Priority Traffic): < 10 ms
If switching is initiated in both directions at the same time, this can increase the total switching operation
time slightly.
15.9 Switching criteria and switching operation time, Tx

Alarm Switch time
LIU TX Alarm 50 ms
IFU Basic Frame TX Alarm 50 ms
RIU TX Alarm 50 ms
Radio TX Alarm 50 ms

16. MANAGEMENT SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS
16.1 General
The powerful integrated supervisory system of Evolution Series provides user-access to the NEs in a
most dynamic manner. The management function in the NE can be accessed by the use of a web-browser,
Command Line Interface (CLI) or by a SNMP manager such as the NERAs management system
NetMaster. The management traffic is IP protocol based.
Note 1: Configuration from CLI is limited.
A NE is controlling all the units connected to a specific node with a common supervisory unit. The NE
software performs the following management tasks:
Fault management: Collecting and logging of alarms and analogue measurements from the
management units connected to the Node.
Performance management: Collecting and logging quality measurements according to standards
(G.784)
Configuration management: Configuration of node (including configuration up/download) and
Software download
Security management: Configuration of user id/password and the users privileges in the NE.
Includes logging in NE of user actions.
16.2 Event logging

Evolution Series NEs can log events and faults in the local fault log. The log size is 10.000 events. The
log can be set to wrap-around or halt when it is full. Alarm logging can be masked based on severity
level. An operator (with administrator privileges) can also clear the log.

16.3 Monitoring of system performance
Transmission performance data is monitored continuously by the built-in supervision function. The
supervision function performs measurements and calculations based on the parity bits in the SOH/TOH
for METRO or parity bits in each E1/T1 for XPAND. Traffic bit error rate information from the modem
is also available. At the Ethernet layer RMON statistics is used.
16.3.1 System performance calculations

Performance data are based on the ITU-T Rec. G.826 system performance parameters. The following
system quality calculations are included:
• Error Second Ratio (ESR)
• Severely Error Second Ratio (SESR)
• Background Block Error Ratio (BBER)
• Unavailable state (UAS)
16.3.2 Performance record logging

Performance logging can be activated for individual signals, one at a time. 15-min, 24-hour and month
records are calculated. The log contains the current and last month, current and last 24-hour and current
and the sixteen last 15-min records. Threshold values can be defined each of the performance records and
a performance alarm will be raised if the threshold is exceeded for any of the periods.
In addition cumulative error counters for parity pulses are available. The operator can read and reset the
counters.
16.4 Security management

The user must have a username and password defined in the NE in order to log in. Each user name is
defined with access privileges. Four levels are defined;
User level Privileges

Passive Users Passive users are only able to monitor data. They are not able to change any
configuration.
Active Users Same as Passive. In addition active users are able to reset counters.
Master Users Master users have access to all commands, except those related to user account
administration and Configuration/SW download.
Admin Users Admin users have access to all commands. The Admin user is the administrator and is
responsible for adding, deleting and managing user accounts and privileges. In addition
the admin user is responsible for Configuration/SW download.
16.4.1 Security event logging

The NE can log events related to security. The log size is 1000 events. When it is full it will wrap-
around. The operator (with administrator privileges) can also clear the log.

16.5 Management system communication
The routing function enables routing of TCP/IP and UDP/IP traffic between the management module of
the NE, the Management Ethernet interface, the DCC channels and the 64 kb/s PtP channels. The routing
protocol used is OSPF/RIP2. Both Evolution Series management traffic as well as other telecom
equipment IP based management protocols can be routed.
.$ # $
& '
% <* <* /$
) # 9 %0* %0*+ $ $+ $ $ ' 4$ %$ = . 4
- -
=! =!
- =! /
- =! / 6 6 $ 6 > 4 ' 4$
/ &; &; 9 9
%$
%$ $
.$ <! # $ <!
/ & /
$ ; /
Figure 16-1 IP Router Overview
There are both external and internal interfaces to the management module. The internal interfaces are
used in a DCN to create communication links between NEs and/or the management centre/network
operator.
16.5.1 Management LAN interface

Two 10/100BASE-TX interfaces, IEEE 802.3 Full Duplex.
Connector type: RJ-45
This interface is used by the WEB-browser, the NMS-systems and also for Ethernet connection to or
between NEs.
16.5.2 USB interface

The USB host port serves as LCT interface.
16.5.3 Data Communication Channel DCC

Each radio frame contains a dedicated DCC channel for communication with the remote site. The
capacity of the DCC channel is 256 kb/s.

16.5.4 64 kb/s point to point channels
64 kb/s channels can be used to set up communication links between terminals without direct connection.
They can also be used to make direct overhead connections to remote sites. This can be useful in a large
network to avoid long routing paths. The feature requires 64 kb/s adapter. The following options are
possible.
• 64 kb/s channel in overhead byte towards radio
• 64 kb/s channel in overhead byte towards STM-1/OC-3 Line
• 64 kb/s external channel
16.5.5 DCN network

In this network the management traffic is logically and if needed also physically separated from the user
traffic. Figure 16-2 illustrates use of the different communication channels is the network.
(
- =! 6 < - =! 6
)( )< ) )
)6
- =! - =!
)0 * )9 )
/ /
) %0* 6
9
$
%0*
6 *
6
9
$
4
) )
?$ )
1 99 >
* 4
*
Figure 16-2 Data Communication Network

16.5.6 Inband Management Access
Access to the management through the main Ethernet Data interface is also an option. In XPAND this is
enabled by setting of the Ethernet Switch. The management traffic will then be transmitted inband with
the user traffic. METRO supports VLAN switching and management can then be separated on a separate
VLAN. For METRO a cable connection between SU and GBE Unit is used.
Figure 16-3 Inband Management XPAND and METRO
16.6 Embedded SNMP agent

The embedded SNMP agent supports the following management functions.
• Basic monitoring of network and interface parameters
• Fault Management
Supports enumeration of possible alarms, current alarm table and historic alarms (log).
Trap support included.
• Analogue measurements
Received signal level.
• Performance measurements
16.6.1 Standard MIBs Supported

• rfc1213 – mib-2
• rfc2737 – entity-mib
• rfc2819 - rmon mib

17. PHYSICAL INTERFACES
17.1 Interface characteristics 155 Mbit/s electrical

Electrical interface according to ITU-T Rec. G.703:
Bitrate: 155.520 Mbit/s ± 20 ppm
Line code: CMI
Impedance: 75 Ω unbalanced
Maximum attenuation of input signal at 78 MHz: 12.7 dB
Connector type: DIN47297, 1.0/2.3mm, dual (IEC 60169-29)
17.2 Interface characteristics 155 Mbit/s optical - Intermediate Reach

Optical interface based on single mode fibre (G.652 – single mode).
According to ITU-T Rec. G.957; S-1.1 and ANSI: T1.105.06; IR-1
Approximate reach: 15 km

Operating wavelength range: 1261 - 1360 nm
Source type: MLM
Mean launched power: - Maximum: -8 dBm
- Minimum: -15 dBm
Minimum receiver sensitivity (BER < 10-10): -28 dBm
Minimum receiver overload: -8 dBm
Connector type: LC Duplex
17.3 Interface characteristics 155 Mbit/s optical - Long Reach 1300nm

Optical interface based on single mode fibre (G.652 – single mode). Approximate reach: 40 km
According to ITU-T Rec. G.957; L-1.1 and ANSI: T1.105.06-1996; LR-1

Source type: MLM
Mean launched power: - Maximum: 0 dBm
- Minimum: -5dBm
Minimum receiver sensitivity (BER < 10-10): - 34 dBm
17.4 Interface characteristics 155 Mbit/s optical - Long Reach 1500nm

Optical interface based on single mode fibre (G.652 – single mode). Approximate reach: 80 km
According to ITU-T Rec. G.957; L-1.2 and ANSI: T1.105.06-1996; LR-2

Source type: SLM
Mean launched power: - Maximum: 0 dBm
- Minimum: -5dBm

17.5 Interface characteristics 155 Mbit/s optical – Multi Mode
Optical interface based on 62.5/125 µm multi mode fibre (G.951).
According to ANSI: T1.105.06 and T1.646; SR-0
Source type: LED
- Minimum: -20 dBm
Minimum overload: -14 dBm
17.6 Interface characteristics 622 Mbit/s optical - Intermediate Reach

Optical interface based on single mode fibre (G.652 – single mode).
According to ITU-T Rec. G.957; S-4.1 and ANSI T1.105.06; IR-1
Approximate reach: 15 km
Operating wavelength range: 1293 – 1334 / 1274 - 1356 nm
Source type: MLM
- Minimum: -15 dBm
-10
Minimum receiver sensitivity (BER < 10 ): -28 dBm
17.7 Interface characteristics 1.5 Mbit/s

Electrical interface according to ANSI T1.102-1993 and ITU-T Rec. G.703:
Line code: B8ZS
Impedance: 100 Ω balanced.
Line Build Out [feet]: 0-133, 133-266, 266-399, 399-533, & 533-655
Connector type wayside: RJ-45/RJ48C
Connector type tributaries: 50 pin multiconnector
17.8 Interface characteristics 2 Mbit/s

Interface parameters according to ITU-T Rec. G.703:
Line code: HDB3
Impedance: 120 Ω balanced
Maximum attenuation of input signal at 1.024 MHz: 6 dB
Connector type wayside: RJ-45/RJ48C
Connector type tributaries: 50 pin multiconnector

Interface parameters according to ITU-T Rec. G.703:
Line code: HDB3

Electrical interface according to ANSI Recommendation T1.102-1993
Line code: B3ZS
Power level: -4.7 to +3.6 dBm for AIS signal
17.11 2.048 MHz synchronisation input/output characteristics

Electrical interface according to ITU-T Rec. G.703:
Frequency: 2.048 MHz ± 4.6 ppm*
Impedance: 120 Ω balanced.
Return loss (2.048 MHz): ≥ 15 dB
Pulse amplitude (2MHz output): Maximum 1.9 V
Minimum 1.0 V
Actual output frequency is depending on the synchronisation source accuracy.
17.12 10/100 BASE-TX

Electrical interface: IEEE 802.3 Full Duplex
The interfaces are configurable by management software.
• Can be configured to Auto-Negotiation, 10BASE-T or 100BASE-TX, half or full duplex.
17.13 1000 BASE-T

Electrical interface: IEEE 802.3 Full Duplex
The interfaces are configurable by management software.
• The port is configurable to Auto-Negotiation, 10BASE-T, 100BASE-TX, or 1000 BASE-T.
17.14 1000 BASE-LX

1.25 Gigabit Ethernet Optical Transceiver (SFP Module) for Single Mode Fibre
Specification: IEEE 802.3z/ab
Operating wavelength range: 1310 nm
Typical reach 10 km
17.15 1000 BASE-SX

1.25 Gigabit Ethernet Optical Transceiver (SFP Module) for Multi Mode Fibre
Specification: IEEE 802.3z/ab
Operating wavelength range: 850 nm
Typical reach 500 m

17.16 64 kb/s channel characteristics
Interface alternatives:
• 64kb/s according to ITU-T G.703, Co-directional timing
• 64kb/s according to ITU-T G.703, Contra-directional timing
• 64kb/s according to ITU-T V.11, Contra-directional timing without byte timing
17.17 Service telephone/Orderwire interfaces

The unit has four RJ-45 connectors, one for handset and three for analogue connections (east/west
bridging).
Telephone connector type: RJ-45 (IEC 60603-7)
The performance of the service telephone complies in general with ITU-T Rec. G.712:
• Code: PCM
• Signalling: DTMF according to ITU-T Rec. Q.23
• Frequency range: 0.3 – 3.4 kHz
• Impedance 600 Ω
The unit has three 4-wire analogue interfaces for connection to other service channel equipment:
17.17.1 OE1 and OE2 Interfaces:

• Not Galvanic Isolated.
• Input/output level -6 dBm
17.17.2 4 Wire Interface:

• Galvanic Isolated
• Input/output level: 4 dBm, 0 dBm -6 dBm (Nominal) and -10 dBm.
The EOW is transported in one of the two available 64 kb/s channels.

17.18 Alarm and Control Interfaces
The unit has four RJ45 connectors.
Transient protection: Amplitude: < 100 V
Transient protection: Duration: < 10 ms, non-repetitive
17.18.1 External alarm input interfaces:

Number: Eight two-pin interfaces. Galvanic isolated.
Interface: Current loop
State on: > 3.0 mA
State off: < 1.0 mA
17.18.2 Relay output interfaces:

Number: Four two-pin outputs.
Contact Ratings
Inductive Load: 0.5A at 24V DC
0.1A at 110V DC
Resistive Load: 0.8A at 24V DC

0.1A at 110V DC
17.18.3 Analogue Input Interfaces:

Number Seven single ended inputs, common analogue ground. Not
galvanic isolated.
4 inputs: Voltage Range: 0-20V DC

Impedance >100k ohm
2 inputs: Voltage Range: 18-65V DC

Impedance >100k ohm
1 input: Current Range: 0-50 mA

Impedance 50ohm

18. ENVIRONMENTAL
18.1 Electromagnetic Compatibility Conditions (EMC)

ETSI: The equipment conforms to the EMC standard as specified in EN 301 489 part 1 and 4.
FCC: The equipment conforms to FCC Part 15 subpart B class A.
18.2 Safety conditions

The equipment conforms to EN 60215, EN 60950 and UL/CSA 60950. The optical interfaces conform to
EN 60825-1 and EN 60825-2.
18.3 RoHS and WEEE compliance

The equipment is compliant to EU Directive 2002/95/EC (RoHS) and EU Directive 2002/96/EC
(WEEE).
18.4 Environmental conditions

• Transportation: ETSI-EN-300-019-1-2, class 2.3, public transportation.
(temperature range: -40 °C to +70 °C).
• Storage: ETSI-EN-300-019-1-1, class 1.2, weather protected,
not temperature-controlled storage locations.
(temperature range: -40 °C to +70 °C).
• Use: Indoor mounted units: Temperature range: -5 °C to +50 °C.
According to ETSI-EN-300-019-1-3, class 3.2, partly temperature-
controlled locations.
For temperatures between +45°C and +50°C the relative humidity
must be between 5% and 40%.
Outdoor mounted units: Operational temperature range: -45 °C to +55 °C.

Guaranteed performance in the range: -33 °C to +50 °C.
Humidity 100 %
Compliant with ETSI-EN-300-019-1-4, class 4.1, non weather
protected locations
For temperatures below 0°C the equipment must be switched on

for at least 10 minutes in order to operate according to the
specifications.
18.4.1 Outdoor Enclosure Protection

The ODU is waterproof and whether resistant according to IP65.

19. MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS
19.1 Installation
The equipment is designed to enable easy and quick installation for stationary use in indoor or split
mount installations.
The indoor systems consisting of a RF channel branching system with XCVRs and IFU(s) are normally
mounted in a 19” rack.
Split Mount systems consist of IFU and ODU interconnected with coaxial cable. One cable for each
ODU is used. (i.e. Two cables needed for HSB, 1+1 FD and 2+0 systems). The IFU can be installed as a
stand-alone unit, or it can be mounted in a standard 19“ rack (Ref. IEC 297-2 and IEC 297-3), or in an
ETSI standard cabinet (Ref. ETSI EN 300 119). The ODU1 may be mounted directly to the antenna for
antenna sizes up to and including 1.8 m. Alternatively the ODU can be supplied with a mount for a
vertical column (Ø=60-115mm).
19.2 Dimensions
IFU2 1+0/1+1/HSB: 444 mm (W) x 225 mm (D) x 44 mm (H), 17.5” x 8.9” x 1.73”
ODU 1+0, 6 - 11 GHz: 228 mm (W) x 197 mm (D) x 240 mm (H), 9” x 7.6” x 9.5”
ODU 1+0, 13 - 38 GHz: 218 mm (W) x 177 mm (D) x 230 mm (H), 8.6” x 7” x 9.1”
RF Coupler 6 - 11 GHz3: 232 mm (W) x 102 mm (D) x 415 mm (H), 9.1” x 4.0” x 16.3”
13 - 38 GHz: 220 mm (W) x 106 mm (D) x 374 mm (H), 8.7” x 4.2” x 14.7”
XCVR 5 - 11 GHz: 218 mm (W) x 125 mm (D) x 230 mm (H), 8.6” x 4.9 x 9.1”
Indoor XCVR shelf: 481 mm (W) x 231 mm (D) x 308 mm (H), 8.6” x 9.1 x 12.1”
2 IFU Shelf: 481 mm (W) x 233 mm (D) x 88.7 mm (H), 18.9” x 9.2 x 3.5”
4 IFU Shelf: 481 mm (W) x 233 mm (D) x 177.3 mm (H), 18.9” x 9.2 x 7”
4 IFU+DXC Shelf: 481 mm (W) x 233 mm (D) x 221.5 mm (H), 18.9” x 9.2 x 8.7”
19.3 Weights
IFU: 2.5 kg / 5.5 lbs
ODU 6 - 11 GHz: 8.0 kg / 17.7 lbs
ODU 13 - 38 GHz: 6.5 kg / 14.3 lbs
RF Coupler: 5 kg / 11 lbs
XCVR: 5.2 kg / 11.5 lbs
1
The ODUs in 5 and 6 GHz are pole mounted
2
The width and depth of the unit are exclusive flanges (mounting brackets) and table studs for free-standing mounting. Special
brackets for mounting into different cabinets are available
3
The 6 GHz RF-coupler has a shorter antenna insert

20. POWER SUPPLY AND CONSUMPTION
The equipment operates from a battery supply between -40.5 volt and -57 volt, nominally -48 volt DC
according to EN 300 132-2. The primary DC-power is supplied to the indoor unit through a filtering
function that includes input filter to attenuate the common mode noise.
The power to the outdoor unit is supplied from the indoor unit via the IFU-ODU coaxial cable.
Terminal without interface 5-11 GHz 13-38 GHz
Average Maximum Average Maximum

1+0 Terminal, Universal IFU 65 W 71 W 52 W 58 W
HSB/1+1/2+0 Term, Universal IFU 117 W 128 W 91 W 102 W
1+0 Terminal, Access IFU 62 W 68 W 49 W 55 W
HSB Terminal, Access IFU 114 W 125 W 88 W 99 W
Long Haul 1+1 Terminal HP XCVR 150 W
Per additional channel 75 W
Table 20-1 Power consumption terminal
Unit
ODU/XCVR L6-11 GHz, standard version 48 W

ODU/XCVR 5-11 GHz, high power version 63 W
SD XCVR 5-11 GHz, high power version 67 W
ODU 7-8 GHz, low capacity optimised 35 W
ODU 13-38 GHz, standard 35 W
Universal IFU, incl. SU and fans 13.5 W
Access IFU 10.5 W
Radio Interface Unit 9.5 W
Line Interface Unit, Electrical or S-1.1 optical 2.5 W
Line Interface unit, L-1.1 or L-1.2 optical 4W
Gigabit Ethernet Interface Unit 10 W
E1and T1 Interface Unit 4W
3xE3/DS3 Unit 3W
Auxiliary Units, 64 kb, Wayside and Alarm Unit 2W
Service channel Unit 2.5 W
DXC Unit 5.5 W
DXC Frame 10.5 W
Table 20-2 Maximum power consumption units

21. INTEGRATED ANTENNAS
Gain (dB) Gain (dB) Gain (dB) F/B

Frequency (GHz) Diameter (m)
Low Centre High (dB)
0.6 29.5 30.7 31.9 57

0.8 33.2 33.9 34.3 60
7.125 to 8.500
1.2 36.8 37.3 37.7 63
1.8 40.0 40.8 41.1 67
0.6 33.7 33.8 34.3 56
0.8 36.3 36.7 37.0 63
10.000 to 10.700
1.2 39.6 40.0 40.4 66
1.8 43.0 43.1 43.7 69
0.6 34.0 34.5 35.0 60
0.8 36.8 37.5 38.1 63
10.700 to 11.700 0.8 37.0 37.4 38.1 59
1.2 40.0 40.4 40.8 67
1.8 43.3 43.6 43.9 67
0.3 30.6 30.9 31.0 53
0.6 35.6 35.8 36.6 62
12.750 to 13.250 0.8 38.2 38.4 38.6 65
1.2 41.2 41.5 41.8 67
1.8 44.8 45.2 45.5 70
0.3 31.6 32.1 32.6 54
0.6 36.5 36.8 37.2 65
14.250 to 15.350 0.8 39.3 39.7 40.1 68
1.2 42.7 42.9 43.1 71
1.8 45.9 46.2 46.5 74
0.3 33.8 34.2 34.6 57
0.6 38.3 38.7 39.1 67
17.700 to 19.700 0.8 40.5 41.0 41.4 69
1.2 44.2 44.7 45.1 72
1.8 47.0 47.8 48.4 76
0.3 34.7 35.3 35.9 62
0.6 39.8 40.4 41.0 66
21.200 to 23.600 0.8 42.5 43.0 43.4 72
1.2 46.0 46.5 47.0 74
1.8 48.5 49.3 49.7 74
0.3 36.2 36.6 37.1 63
0.6 40.8 41.2 41.8 68
24.250 to 26.500
0.8 43.7 44.1 44.5 72
1.2 47.0 47.4 47.8 75
0.3 37.6 38.1 38.6 64
27.500 to 29.500
0.6 41.8 42.2 42.7 68
0.3 38.7 38.9 39.1 58
31.800 to 33.400
0.6 43.4 43.7 44.0 61
0.3 39.6 40.1 40.5 61
37.000 to 40.000
0.6 44.6 45.2 45.8 66

22. REFERENCES
Document code: Title/Description:

ETSI EN 301 489-4 V1.4.1 (2002- Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Electro Magnetic
08) Compatibility (EMC) standard for radio equipment and services; Part 4: Specific
conditions for fixed radio links and ancillary equipment and services. For grade B
equipment
ETSI EN 300 019-1-1 V2.1.4 Classification of environmental conditions; Storage. Class 1.2, weather protected
(2003-04)
ETSI EN 300 019-1-2 V2.1.4 Classification of environmental conditions; Transportation. Class 2.3, public
(2003-04) transportation
ETSI EN 300 019-1-3 V2.1.2 Classification of environmental conditions; Stationary use at weather protected
(2003-04) locations. Class 3.2, partly temperature controlled locations
ETSI EN 300 019-1-4 V2.1.2 Classification of environmental conditions; Stationary use at non-weather protected
(2003-04) locations
ETSI EN 300 132-2 V2.1.2 (2003- Equipment Engineering (EE); Power supply interface at the input to
09) telecommunication equipment; Part 1: Interface operated by Direct Current (DC)
ETSI EN 302 217-1 V1.1.3 (2004- Overview and system-independent common characteristics
12)
ETSI EN 302 217-2-1 V1.2.1 System-dependent requirements for digital systems operating in frequency bands where
(2007-06) frequency co-ordination is applied
ETSI EN 302 217-2-2 V1.2.3 Harmonized EN covering essential requirements of Article 3.2 of R&TTE Directive for
(2007-09) digital systems operating in frequency bands where frequency co-ordination is applied
CENELEC EN 60950: 2000 Safety of information technology equipment
CENELEC EN 60215: 1989 Safety requirements for radio transmitting equipment
CENELEC EN 60825-1 1994 Safety of laser products, Part 1: Equipment classification, requirements and user’s
guide
CENELEC EN 60825-2 2000 Safety of laser products, Part 2: Safety of optical fibre communication systems
ITU-R Rec. F.746-7 (2003) Radio-frequency channel arrangements for fixed service systems
ITU-R Rec. F.1099-3 (1999) Radio-frequency channel arrangements for high capacity radio-relay systems operating
in the 5 GHz (4 400-5 000 MHz) band
ITU-R Rec. F.383-7 (2001) Radio-frequency channel arrangements for high capacity radio-relay systems operating
in the lower 6 GHz band
ITU-R Rec. F.384-8 (2004-01) Radio-frequency channel arrangements for medium and high capacity analogue or
digital radio-relay systems operating in the upper 6 GHz band
ITU-R Rec. F.385-8 (2005) Radio-frequency channel arrangements for radio-relay systems operating in the 7 GHz
band
ITU-R Rec. F.386-6 (1999-02) Radio-frequency channel arrangements for medium and high capacity analogue or
digital radio-relay systems operating in the 8 GHz band
ITU-R Rec. F.387-9 (2002-05) Radio-frequency channel arrangements for radio-relay systems operating in the 11 GHz
band
frequency band
band
ITU-R Rec. F.595-8 (2003-02) Radio-frequency channel arrangements for radio-relay systems operating in the 18 GHz
band
band
ITU-R Rec. F.748-4 (2001) Radio-frequency channel arrangements for radio-relay systems operating in the 25, 26,
and 28 GHz bands
ITU-R F.1520-2 (2003-02) Radio-frequency arrangements for systems in the fixed service operating in the band
31.8-33.4 GHz
band
ITU-R Rec. F.750-4 (2000-05) Architectures and functional aspects of radio-relay systems for synchronous digital
hierarchy (SDH)-based network
ITU-T Rec. G.703 (11/2001) Physical/electrical characteristics of hierarchical digital interfaces
ITU-T Rec. G.823 (03/2000) The control of jitter and wander within digital networks which are based on the 2048
kbit/s hierarchy

ITU-T Rec. G.825 (03/2000) The control of jitter and wander within digital networks which are based on the
synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH).
ITU-T Rec. G.826 (02/1999) Error performance parameters and objectives for international, constant bit rate digital
paths at or above the primary rate
ITU-T Rec. G.828 (03/2000) Error performance parameters and objectives for international, constant bit rate
synchronous digital paths
ITU-T Rec. G.921 (11/1988) Digital Sections based on the 2048 kbit/s hierarchy.
ITU-T Rec. G.957 (06/1999) Optical interfaces for equipments and systems relating to the synchronous digital
hierarchy
ITU-T Rec. G.958 (11/1994) Digital line systems based on the synchronous digital hierarchy for use on optical fiber
cable
ITU-T G.7041 / Y.1303 (08/05) Generic framing procedure (GFP)
ITU-T G.7042 / Y.1305 (03/06) Link capacity adjustment scheme (LCAS) for virtual concatenated signals
ETSI TR 101 036-1 V1.3.1 (2002- Fixed Radio Systems; Point-to-point equipment; Generic wordings for standards on
08) digital radio systems characteristics; Part 1: General aspects and point-to-point
equipment parameters
CEPT/ERC Rec. 74-01 E (2002-10) Spurious Emissions
CEPT/ERC Rec 14-01 E (1996-08) Radio-frequency channel arrangements for high capacity analogue and digital radio-
relay systems operating in the band 5925 MHz – 6425 MHz
CEPT/ERC Rec 14-02 E (1996-08) Radio-frequency channel arrangements for medium and high capacity digital radio-
relay systems operating in the band 6425 MHz – 7125 MHz
CEPT/ECC Rec 02-06 (2002-08) Preferred channel arrangement for digital fixed service systems operating in the
frequency range 7125-8500 MHz
CEPT/ERC Rec. 12-06 E (1996-12) Harmonised radio frequency channel arrangements for digital terrestrial fixed systems
operating in the band 10.7 – 11.7 GHz
CEPT /ERC/REC 12-02 (1996-08) Harmonised radio frequency channel arrangements for analogue and digital terrestrial
fixed systems operating in the band 12.75 GHz to 13.25 GHz
CEPT/ERC/REC 12-07 E (1996- Harmonised radio frequency channel arrangements for digital terrestrial fixed systems
08) operating in the bands 14.5 - 14.62 GHz paired with 15.23 - 15.35 GHz
CEPT/ERC/REC 12-03 (1996-08) Harmonised radio frequency channel arrangements for digital terrestrial fixed systems
operating in the band 17.7 GHz to 19.7 GHz
CEPT T/R 13-02 (1994-02) Preferred channel arrangements for fixed services in the range 22.0-29.5 GHz
IEC 297-2 Dimensions of mechanical structures of the 486.6mm (19in) series: Cabinet and pitches
of the rack structures”.
IEC 297-3 Dimensions of mechanical structures of the 486.6mm (19in) series: Sub-rack and
associated plug in units”.
IEC 60169-16, Ed. 1.0 Radio-frequency connectors. Part 16: R.F. coaxial connectors with inner diameter of
outer conductor 7 mm (0.276 in) with screw coupling - Characteristic impedance 50
ohms (75 ohms)
IEC 60169-29, Ed. 1.0 Radio-frequency connectors - Part 29: Miniature r.f. coaxial connectors with screw-,
push-pull and snap-on coupling or slide-in rack and panel applications; Characteristic
impedance 50 ohms
IEC 60603-7 (1996) Connectors for electronic equipment - Part 7-1: Detail specification for 8-way, shielded
free and fixed connectors with common mating features, with assessed quality
IEC 60835-2-8 (1993-05) Methods of measurement for equipment used in digital microwave radio transmission
systems - Measurements on terrestrial radio-relay systems - Adaptive equalizer.
IEEE 802.3 Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection

ANSI/Industry Canada:
Document code: Title/Description:
Radio Frequency Channel Plans:
FCC 47 CFR Part 101 Fixed Microwave Services
SRSP – 305.9 Technical Requirements for Line-of-sight Radio Systems Operating in the Fixed Service in the
Band 5915 – 6425 MHz
SRSP – 306.4 Technical Requirements for Line-of-sight Radio Systems Operating in the Fixed Service in the
Band – 6425 – 6930 MHz
SRSP – 307.1 Technical Requirements for Fixed Line-of-Sight Radio Systems Operating in the Band 7125-
7725 MHz
SRSP – 307.7 Technical Requirements for Fixed Line-of-sight Radio Systems Operating in the Band 7725-8275
MHz
SRSP – 310.7 Technical Requirements for Fixed Line-of-sight Radio Systems Operating in the Band 10.7-11.7
GHz
Electromagnetic Compatibility:
FCC 47CFR Part 15 Radio Frequency Devices (EMC regulations)
Safety:
CAN/CSA 22.2 No. 60950-00 Safety – Information processing and business equipment
UL 1950 Safety of Information Technology Equipment
SONET:
ANSI Rec. T1.105 SONET - Basic Description including Multiplex Structure, Rates and Formats
ANSI Rec. T1.105.06-1996 Telecommunications-Synchronous Optical Network (SONET): Physical Layer Specifications
ANSI Rec. T1.646-1995 Broadband ISDN Physical Layer Specification for User Network Interfaces Including DS1/ATM
ANSI T1.102-1993 Digital Hierarchy – Electrical Interfaces”.
23. TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviation: Description:
ACAP Adjacent Channel Alternate Polarisation
ACCP Adjacent Channel Co-Polarisation
ADM Add/Drop/Multiplex
AIS Alarm Indication Signal
ALM External alarm input/output
AP Alternating Polarisation
ATDE Adaptive Time Domain Equaliser
ATPC Automatic Transmitter Power Control
AUX Auxiliary functions
BER Bit Error Rate
CCDP Co Channel Dual Polarisation
C/I Carrier to Interference ratio
CS Channel Spacing
DCC Data Communications Channel
DF-SP Dual Frequency – Single Polarisation
ECC Embedded Control Channel
EM Element Manager
EMC Electro Magnetic Compatibility
EOW Engineering Order Wire
EW Early Warning
FSC Frame Check Sum (CRC)
GFP Generic Framing Procedure
HBER High Bit Error Rate
HSB HotStandBy
IFU InterFace Unit
LAN Local Area Network port (10/100BASE-TX Ethernet)
LBER Low Bit Error Rate
LCAS Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme
LCT Local Craft Terminal
LIU Line Interface Unit
LLF Link-Loss Failure
LOF Loss Of Frame

Abbreviation: Description:
LOS Loss Of Signal
MLM Multi-Longitudinal Mode
MTBF Mean Time Between Failure
NMS Network Management System
OC-3 Optical Carrier – level 3 = 155Mbit/s (OC-1 – level 1 = 51.84 Mbit/s)
ODU OutDoor Unit
OOF Out Of Frame
PDH Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy
PFI Payload FCS Indicator
PRBS Pseudo Random Bit Sequence
PXC PDH-X-Connect
PWR Power Supply
RIU Radio Interface Unit
RF Radio Frequency
ROHS Restriction on Hazardous Substances
RPS Radio Protection Switching
RX Receiver
SERV Service function (plug-in unit)
SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
SETS Synchronous Equipment Timing Source
SF-DP Single Frequency - Dual Polarisation
SNCP Sub Network Connection Protection
SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol
SONET Synchronous Optical Network
SPE Synchronous Payload Envelope
STM-1 Synchronous Transport Module, 1 means the lowest defined data rate = 155.520 Mbit/sec
SU Supervisory Unit
SVCE SerVice ChannEl, used to define the voice channel circuit board
TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
TX Transmitter
USB Universal Serial Bus
VCAT Virtual concatenation
WEEE Waste Electrical & Electronic Equipment
XCVR Transmitter/Receiver
XIF XPIC Improvement Factor
XPIC X-Polar Interference Canceller

APPENDIX 1 – ODU/DIPLEXER SUB-BAND RANGE
The ODU/Diplexer tuning range per sub-band is given in the table below. The range is given for the
centre frequency of the channel for a channel with BW as given in the last column. If the used channel
BW is smaller the tuning range is wider.
Freq. RF
Duplex Tx.
band Sub-band 1 Sub-band 2 Sub-band 3 Channel
Spacing Freq:
[GHz] BW
Low: 4418 - 4516 4502 – 4596 4584 – 4676 ~28 MHz
4.4-5.0 312 High: 4719 - 4816 4804 - 4898 4884 - 4982
Low: 4424 – 4510 4508 – 4590 4590 – 4670 40 MHz
4.4-5.0 300 High: 4725 - 4810 4810 - 4892 4890 - 4976
Low: 5945.2 – 6034.15 6063.8 - 6153 ~28 MHz
5.9-6.4 252.04 High: 6197.24 – 6287.19 6315.8 – 6405
Low: 5930 - 6020 6049 - 6138 ~28 MHz
5.9-6.4 252.04 High: 6182 - 6272 6301 - 6390
Low: 6450 - 6580 6610 - 6740 40 MHz
6.4-7.1 340 High: 6790 - 6920 6950 - 7080
Low: 6595 6625 6655 30 MHz
6.4-7.1 100 High: 6695 6725 6755
Low: 6545 - 6627.5 6635 – 6705 10 MHz
6.4-7.1 160 High: 6715 - 6787.5 6795 - 6865
Low: 7128 - 7184 7170 - 7226 7205 - 7264 ~28 MHz
7.1-7.4 154,161 High: 7289 - 7345 7331 - 7387 7366 - 7425
Low: 7128 - 7184 ~28 MHz
7.1-7.4 175 High: 7289 - 7345
Low: 7121 - 7177 7177 - 7233 ~28 MHz
7.1-7.4 196 High: 7317 - 7373 7373 - 7429
154,161, Low: 7428 - 7484 7470 - 7526 7505 - 7564 ~28 MHz
7.4-7.7 182 High: 7589 - 7645 7631 - 7687 7666 – 7725
Low: 7428 - 7484 7470 - 7526 7513 - 7569 ~28 MHz
7.4-7.7 168 High: 7589 - 7645 7631 - 7687 7681 – 7737
Low: 7428 - 7484 ~28 MHz
7.4-7.7 150 High: 7589 - 7645
Low: 7250 - 7305 7292 - 7347 7334 - 7389 ~28 MHz
7.2-7.6 161 High: 7411 – 7466 7453 – 7508 7495 – 7550
Low: 7442 - 7526 7554 - 7638 ~28 MHz
7.4-7.9 245 High: 7687 – 7771 7799 – 7883
Low: 7139 – 7261 7289 - 7411 ~28 MHz
300
7.1-7.7 High: 7439 – 7561 7589 – 7711
Low: 7732 - 7837 7836 - 7956 ~28 MHz
7.7-8.3 310 High: 8039 – 8148 8147 – 8267
Low: 7919 - 8013 8031 - 8122 ~28 MHz
7.9-8.4 266 High: 8185 – 8279 8297 – 8388
Low: 7919 – 8031 8059 - 8171 ~28 MHz
7.9-8.5 310 High: 8229 – 8341 8369 – 8481
8.2-8.5 See table below

Low: 10017.5 – 10140 10161 - 10285.75
10 350 ~28 MHz
High: 10367.5 - 10490 10511 - 10635.75
Low: 10552.5 - 10567.5 10572.5 - 10587.5 10587.5 - 10602.5
10 65 5 MHz
High: 10617.5 - 10632.5 10637.5 - 10652.5 10652.5 - 10667.5
490/530 Low: 10735 - 10935 10975 - 11175 40 MHz
11 /520 High: 11225 - 11465 11465 - 11665

Freq. RF
Duplex Tx.
band Sub-band 1 Sub-band 2 Sub-band 3 Channel
Spacing Freq:
[GHz] BW
Low: 10715 - 10915 10955 - 11155 40 MHz
11 530 High: 11245 - 11445 11485 - 11685
490/500 Low: 10715 - 10925 10850 - 11060 10985 - 11185 30 MHz
11 FCC High: 11215 - 11415 11340 – 11550 11475 – 11685
Low: 12765 - 12877 12849 – 12963 28 MHz
13 266 High: 13031 - 13143 13115 - 13229
Low: 14417 - 14676 14669 - 14914 28 MHz
15 490 High: 14907 - 15166 15117 - 15334
Low: 14515 - 14732 14669 - 14914 28 MHz
15 420 High: 14935 - 15152 15117 - 15334
Low: 14515 - 14683 28 MHz
15 644/728 High: 15159 - 15334
Low: 14641 - 14781 14753 - 14893 28 MHz
15 315 High: 14956 - 15096 15068 - 15208
Low: 17713.7 - 18207.3 18181.2 - 18676.3 27.5 MHz
18 1010 High: 18723.7 - 19216.3 19191.2 - 19686.3
Low: 17727.5 – 18112.5 55 MHz
18 1560 High: 19287.5 – 19672.5
Low: 17727.5 - 18195 18112.5 - 18580 27.5 MHz
18 1092.5 High: 18820 - 19287.5 19205 - 19672.5
Low: 17742 - 18181 18127 - 18566 55 MHz
18 1120 High: 18834- 19273 19219 – 19658
Low: 21214 – 21786 21777 – 22330 28 MHz
23 1232 High: 22414 - 23002 23009 - 23562
Low: 21225 - 21775 21825 - 22375 50 MHz
23 1200 High: 22425 - 22991 23025 – 23575
Low: 22017 - 22576 28 MHz
23 1008 High: 23025 – 23585
Low: 24563 - 24990 24983 - 25431 28 MHz
26 1008 High: 25571 – 25998 25991 - 26439
Low: 27562.5 - 27989.5 27982.5 - 28430.5 28 MHz
28 1008 High: 28570.5 - 28997.5 28990.5 – 29438.5
Low: 31829 - 32214 32204 - 32557 28 MHz
32 812 High: 32641 – 33026 33016 - 33369
Low: 37072 – 37604 37632 - 38164 28 MHz
38 1260 High: 38332 - 38864 38892 - 39424
Low: 38625 - 38800 38850 - 39025 39075 - 39275 50 MHz
38 700 High: 39325 - 39500 39550 - 39725 39775 - 39975

Freq. RF
Duplex Tx.
band Sub-band 1 Sub-band 2 Channel
Spacing Freq:
[GHz] BW
Low: 8210,048 - 8233,372 8245 - 8273 ~28 MHz
High: 8361,662 - 8384,986 8396,648 - 8427
151,614/
8.2-8.5
154 Sub-band 3 Sub-band 4
Low: 8273 - 8303,344 8315,006 - 8338,33 ~28 MHz
High: 8427 - 8455 8466,62 - 8489,944
Sub-band 1 Sub-band 2
Low: 8293 – 8307 8303,5 – 8321 ~28 MHz
High: 8412 - 8429,5 8429,5 – 8447
8.2-8.5 119/126
Sub-band 3 Sub-band 4
Low: 8328 – 8342 8345,5 – 8363 ~28 MHz
High: 8454 – 8468 8468 - 8482

Nera Networks AS
Kokstadveien 23
PO Box 7090, N-5020 Bergen, Norway
Tel: +47 55 22 51 00, Fax: +47 55 22 52 99
Email: webmaster@nera.no
www.neraworld.com

NERA Evolution Series Technical Description C PDF

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

NERA Evolution Series Technical Description C PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Technical Description

Microwave Radio System, 5 - 40GHz

Copyright © Nera Networks AS 2008. All rights reserved.

NGP\000330 Rev. C 2008-02-21 Evolution Series 1

Revision Date Summary of changes

2 Evolution Series NGP\000330 Rev. C 2008-02-21

3. METRO SYSTEM DESCRIPTION – ACCESS & LONG HAUL...............................................................20

NGP\000330 Rev. C 2008-02-21 Evolution Series 3

4 Evolution Series NGP\000330 Rev. C 2008-02-21

NGP\000330 Rev. C 2008-02-21 Evolution Series 5

6 Evolution Series NGP\000330 Rev. C 2008-02-21

21. INTEGRATED ANTENNAS .....................................................................................................................106

23. TERMINOLOGY ........................................................................................................................................109

APPENDIX 1 – ODU/DIPLEXER SUB-BAND RANGE ....................................................................................111

NGP\000330 Rev. C 2008-02-21 Evolution Series 7

8 Evolution Series NGP\000330 Rev. C 2008-02-21

NGP\000330 Rev. C 2008-02-21 Evolution Series 9

10 Evolution Series NGP\000330 Rev. C 2008-02-21

METRO features (ETSI and ANSI)

NGP\000330 Rev. C 2008-02-21 Evolution Series 11

XPAND features, Access IFU (ETSI)

XPAND features Universal IFU (ANSI)

XPAND features, Access IFU (ANSI)

12 Evolution Series NGP\000330 Rev. C 2008-02-21

NGP\000330 Rev. C 2008-02-21 Evolution Series 13

Mobile (BTS) Backhaul

#$% &$ '

14 Evolution Series NGP\000330 Rev. C 2008-02-21

NGP\000330 Rev. C 2008-02-21 Evolution Series 15

16 Evolution Series NGP\000330 Rev. C 2008-02-21

ODU based systems

Figure 2-1 ODU based system

NGP\000330 Rev. C 2008-02-21 Evolution Series 17

Figure 2-2 Long Haul Indoor Mounted system, 7+1/8+0

18 Evolution Series NGP\000330 Rev. C 2008-02-21

NGP\000330 Rev. C 2008-02-21 Evolution Series 19

Figure 3-1 SDH/SONET Ring Network

20 Evolution Series NGP\000330 Rev. C 2008-02-21

The Link Configurations are detailed in chapter 5

3.2 Node Configurations

3.3 User Interfaces

E1, T1, E3 and DS3 interfaces requires DXC.

NGP\000330 Rev. C 2008-02-21 Evolution Series 21

3.3.2 E1 and T1 Wayside channel

3.3.2.1 Ethernet Wayside

3.3.3 External Alarm and Controls

22 Evolution Series NGP\000330 Rev. C 2008-02-21

3.4.1 Mapping and multiplexing DXC Unit & DXC Frame

Figure 3-2 SDH Mapping and Multiplexing

Figure 3-3 SONET Mapping and Multiplexing

NGP\000330 Rev. C 2008-02-21 Evolution Series 23

Figure 3-4 SDH and SONET STM-4/OC-12 Mapping

3.4.3 Cross-connect support

%&# '&# %&#

Figure 3-5 DXC Unit Figure 3-6 DXC Frame

3.4.3.1 Sub Network Connection Protection

The following switching criteria are used:

24 Evolution Series NGP\000330 Rev. C 2008-02-21

3.4.4.1 Synchronisation status messaging

Abbr. ETSI Ref. Quality

3.4.5 Section Termination

3.4.6 Scrambling / descrambling functions

NGP\000330 Rev. C 2008-02-21 Evolution Series 25