DESIGN OF BEAM

I. Design Criteria
Specified Compressive Strength of Concrete f’c =
Specified Yield Strength of Steel fy =
Length of Beam L =
II. Design Loads
Ultimate Weight Carried by the Beam Load from Slab =
Weight of Beam =
Weight of Wall, Partitions, Cornices, etc =
Total, wu =
III. Moments and Reactions
Moment
(–M) Exterior Face of First Interior Support (More Than Two Spans)
( 1 / 10 ) wu Ln2 =
(+M) Interior Span
( 1 / 16 ) wu Ln
2
=
(–M) Other Faces of Interior Support
( 1 / 11 ) wu Ln
2
=
Maximum Moment Mu =
Shear
In End Members @ Face of First Interior Support
( 1.15 / 2 ) wu Ln =
Interior Support
( 1 / 2 ) wu Ln =
Maximum Shear Vmax =
IV. Beam Depth, d
Assumed Width b =
Minimum Steel Ratio, ρmin ρmin = 1.4/fy =
Factor β =
Balance Steel Ratio, ρbal ρbal = (0.85f’cβ) (600)/ [fy (600+ fy)] =
Maximum Steel Ratio, ρmax ρmax = 0.75 ρbal =
Assumed Steel Ratio, ρ Use ρ = 0.5 ρmax =
ω ω = ρ fy/f’c =
Effective Depth, de =
Beam Thickness, D D = de + concrete cover + ½(bar Ø) + Stirrups Ø =
Use :
Effective Depth d =
V. Reinforcement Use :
Area of RSB, Abar Abar = πd2/4 =
ω = ρmax fy/f’c =
Mu max = φ f’c ω b d2 (1 – 0.59ω) =
@ (–M) Exterior Face of First Interior Support (More Than Two Spans)
Mu < Mu max :
Coefficient of Resistance, Ru Ru = Mu / (φ b d2) =
Steel Ratio, ρ =
Required Tension Steel Area As = ρbd =
Number of RSB n = As / Abar =
Say :

@ (+M) Interior Span

Mu < Mu max :
Coefficient of Resistance, Ru Ru = Mu / (φ b d2) =
Steel Ratio, ρ =
Required Tension Steel Area As = ρbd =
Number of RSB n = As / Abar =
Say :

@ (–M) Other Faces of Interior Support

Mu < Mu max :
Coefficient of Resistance, Ru Ru = Mu / (φ b d2) =
Steel Ratio, ρ =
Required Tension Steel Area As = ρbd =
Number of RSB n = As / Abar =
Say :
VI. Stirrups Design Use :
Area of Shear Reinforcement, Av 2Ab =
Factored Shear Force, Vu Vu = Vmax - wu d =
Shear Strength Provided by the Concrete, V c =
Vu > φVc Stirrups are Necessary
Shear Strength, Vs =
=

Maximum Spacing of Web Reinforcement

for Vs < 2Vc max. S = d/2 or 600 mm (Smaller Value) =
Say :
Spacing of Web Reinforcement S = A v f y d / Vs =
Say :
Use :
 20.7 MPa
275 MPa
4.23 m

5.076 kN/m
2.8248 kN/m
2.5 kN/m
10.401 kN/m 186.10047432

82.6875 kN-m
43.995384
46.875 kN-m

75.170454545 kN-m
82.688 kN-m

90.5625 kN
169.3125
78.75 kN
90.563 kN

300 mm
0.0050909
0.850
0.0372923
0.0279692
0.0139846
0.1857857
299.06 mm OK
364.059 mm
400 mm OK
335 mm
16 mm Ø
201.06 mm
2

0.3715714
181.966 kN-m

Singly Reinforced <<<

2.729 MPa
0.0108418
1089.604 mm
2
OK
5.419
4 pcs

Singly Reinforced <<<

1.547 MPa
0.0058972 OK
592.668 mm
2

2.948
4 pcs

Singly Reinforced <<<

2.481 MPa
0.0097665 OK
981.538 mm
2

4.882
6 pcs
 10 mm Ø
157.080 mm
2
2
87.078 kN
76.208 kN
<<<
26.237 kN <<<
304.832 kN
OK

167.5 mm
100 mm OK
551.546 mm
350 mm OK
100 mm O.C.
 DESIGN OF BEAM

V. Reinforcement Use :
Area of RSB, Abar Abar = πd2/4 =
ω = ρmax fy/f’c =
Mu max = φ f’c ω b d2 (1 – 0.59ω) =
@ (–M) Exterior Face of First Interior Support (More Than Two Spans)
Mu < Mu max :
Solve for As1 As1 = ρmax b d =
C1 = T 1 0.85 f’c a b = As1 fy
Depth of Equivalent Stress Block a =
c = a/β =
Value of Mu1 Mu1 = Mu max =
Value of Mu2 Mu2 = Mu – Mu1 =
Solve for As2 As2 = Mu2 / [φ fy (d –d’)] =
Area of Tension Steel, As As = As1 + As2 =
Number of RSB for Tension n = As / Abar =
Say :
Stress of Compression Steel, f’s f’s = 600 ( c - d’)/c =
f's > fy Compression Steel Yields
Area of Compression Steel, A's A's = As2 =
Number of RSB for Compression n = A's / Abar =
Say :
@ (+M) Interior Span
Ru = Mu / (φ b d2) =
Solve for As1 As1 = ρmax b d =
C1 = T 1 0.85 f’c a b = As1 fy
Depth of Equivalent Stress Block a =
c = a/β =
Value of Mu1 Mu1 = Mu max =
Value of Mu2 Mu2 = Mu – Mu1 =
Solve for As2 As2 = Mu2 / [φ fy (d –d’)] =
Area of Tension Steel, As As = As1 + As2 =
Number of RSB for Tension n = As / Abar =
Say :
Stress of Compression Steel, f’s f’s = 600 ( c - d’)/c =
f's > fy Compression Steel Yields
Area of Compression Steel, A's A's = As2 =
Number of RSB for Compression n = A's / Abar =
Say :
@ (–M) Other Faces of Interior Support
Ru = Mu / (φ b d2) =
Solve for As1 As1 = ρmax b d =
C1 = T 1 0.85 f’c a b = As1 fy
Depth of Equivalent Stress Block a =
c = a/β =
Value of Mu1 Mu1 = Mu max =
Value of Mu2 Mu2 = Mu – Mu1 =
Solve for As2 As2 = Mu2 / [φ fy (d –d’)] =
Area of Tension Steel, As As = As1 + As2 =
Number of RSB for Tension n = As / Abar =
 Say :
Stress of Compression Steel, f’s f’s = 600 ( c - d’)/c =
f's > fy Compression Steel Yields
Area of Compression Steel, A's A's = As2 =
Number of RSB for Compression n = A's / Abar =
Say :

< write 4 if Av=4Ab

Maximum Spacing of Web Reinforcement max. S = d/2 or 600 mm (Smaller Value) =

Say :
Spacing of Web Reinforcement S = 3 Av fy / b =
Say :

Use :
 16 mm Ø
201.06 mm
2

0.3715714
181.966 kN-m

Singly Reinforced
2810.904 mm
2
 146.443 mm
172.286 mm
181.966 kN-m
-99.279 kN-m
-1485.652 mm
2

1325.252 mm
2

6.591
6.000 pcs
373.632 MPa

-1485.652 mm
2

-7.389
4.000 pcs

Singly Reinforced
2810.904 mm
2

146.443 mm
172.286 mm
181.966 kN-m
-135.091 kN-m
-2021.567 mm
2

789.337 mm
2

3.926
5.000 pcs
373.632 MPa

-2021.567 mm
2

-10.054
2.000 pcs

Doubly Reinforced
2810.904 mm
2

146.443 mm
172.286 mm
181.966 kN-m
-106.796 kN-m
-1598.141 mm
2

1212.763 mm
2

6.032
 8.000 pcs
373.632 MPa

-1598.141 mm
2

-7.948
2.000 pcs

167.5 mm
150 mm OK
431.969 mm
400 mm OK

150 mm O.C.
 1 Column
2 Spandrel
3 Unrestrained

Length Support wu
1
5.5
L1 5.5 20
5.25
1
5.25
L2 5 30
5.25
1
5.25
L3 5.5 20
5.25
1
5.25
L4 5 20
5.25
1
5.25
L5 5.5 20
5.5
1

L6 20
0
1

L7 40
0
1
L8
0
1

L9
0
1

L10
0
1

L11
0
1

L12
0
1

L13
0
1

L14
0
1

L15
0
1
 Moments
(–M) Exterior Face of First Interior Support (More Than Two Spans) ( 1 / 10 ) wu Ln2 =
(+M) Interior Span ( 1 / 16 ) wu Ln 2
=
(–M) Other Faces of Interior Support ( 1 / 11 ) wu Ln2 =

SPAN TO CONSIDER: L2

Moments
(–M) Interior Face of Exterior (Integral) Column Support ( 1 / 16 ) wu Ln2 =
(+M) End Span – Discontinuous end Integral w/ Support ( 1 / 14 ) wu Ln 2
=
(–M) Exterior Face of First Interior Support (More Than Two Spans) ( 1 / 10 ) wu Ln2 =

(–M) Exterior Face of First Interior Support (More Than Two Spans) ( 1 / 10 ) wu Ln2 =
(+M) Interior Span ( 1 / 16 ) wu Ln2 =
(–M) Other Faces of Interior Support ( 1 / 11 ) wu Ln 2
=

(–M) Other Faces of Interior Support ( 1 / 11 ) wu Ln2 =

(+M) Interior Span ( 1 / 16 ) wu Ln 2
=
(–M) Other Faces of Interior Support ( 1 / 11 ) wu Ln2 =

(–M) Other Faces of Interior Support ( 1 / 11 ) wu Ln2 =

(+M) Interior Span ( 1 / 16 ) wu Ln2 =
(–M) Exterior Face of First Interior Support (More Than Two Spans) ( 1 / 10 ) wu Ln 2
=

(–M) Exterior Face of First Interior Support (More Than Two Spans) ( 1 / 10 ) wu Ln2 =
(+M) End Span – Discontinuous end Integral w/ Support ( 1 / 14 ) wu Ln 2
=
(–M) Interior Face of Exterior (Integral) Column Support ( 1 / 16 ) wu Ln 2
=

wu Ln2 =
wu Ln 2
=
wu Ln2 =

wu Ln2 =
wu Ln2 =
wu Ln 2
=
wu Ln2 =
wu Ln 2
=
wu Ln2 =

wu Ln2 =
wu Ln 2
=
wu Ln 2
=

wu Ln2 =
wu Ln 2
=
wu Ln 2
=

wu Ln2 =
wu Ln 2
=
wu Ln2 =

wu Ln2 =
wu Ln2 =
wu Ln 2
=

wu Ln2 =
wu Ln 2
=
wu Ln 2
=

wu Ln2 =
wu Ln 2
=
wu Ln2 =

wu Ln2 =
wu Ln2 =
wu Ln 2
=
82.688 kN-m
46.875 kN-m
75.170 kN-m

37.813 kN-m
43.214 kN-m
55.125 kN-m

82.688 kN-m
46.875 kN-m
75.170 kN-m

50.114 kN-m
37.813 kN-m
50.114 kN-m

50.114 kN-m
31.250 kN-m
55.125 kN-m

55.125 kN-m
43.214 kN-m
37.813 kN-m

kN-m
kN-m
kN-m

kN-m
kN-m
kN-m
kN-m
kN-m
kN-m

kN-m
kN-m
kN-m

kN-m
kN-m
kN-m

kN-m
kN-m
kN-m

kN-m
kN-m
kN-m

kN-m
kN-m
kN-m

kN-m
kN-m
kN-m

kN-m
kN-m
kN-m
Shear
In End Members @ Face of First Interior Support ( 1.15 / 2 ) wu Ln =

Interior Support (1/2) wu Ln =

Shear
Exterior Support ( 1 / 2 ) wu Ln =

In End Members @ Face of First Interior Support ( 1.15 / 2 ) wu Ln =

In End Members @ Face of First Interior Support ( 1.15 / 2 ) wu Ln =

Interior Support ( 1 / 2 ) wu Ln =

Interior Support ( 1 / 2 ) wu Ln =

Interior Support ( 1 / 2 ) wu Ln =

Interior Support ( 1 / 2 ) wu Ln =

In End Members @ Face of First Interior Support ( 1.15 / 2 ) wu Ln =

In End Members @ Face of First Interior Support ( 1.15 / 2 ) wu Ln =

Exterior Support ( 1 / 2 ) wu Ln =

wu Ln =

wu Ln =

wu Ln =

wu Ln =
wu Ln =

wu Ln =

wu Ln =

wu Ln =

wu Ln =

wu Ln =

wu Ln =

wu Ln =

wu Ln =

wu Ln =

wu Ln =

wu Ln =

wu Ln =

wu Ln =

wu Ln =

wu Ln =
 90.563 kN

78.750 kN

55 kN

60.375 kN

90.563 kN

78.750 kN

52.500 kN

52.500 kN

52.5 kN

60.375 kN

60.375 kN

55.000 kN

#VALUE! kN

#VALUE! kN

#VALUE! kN

#VALUE! kN
#VALUE! kN

#VALUE! kN

#VALUE! kN

#VALUE! kN

#VALUE! kN

#VALUE! kN

#VALUE! kN

#VALUE! kN

#VALUE! kN

#VALUE! kN

#VALUE! kN

#VALUE! kN

#VALUE! kN

#VALUE! kN

#VALUE! kN

#VALUE! kN
 0.0625 605 0.5 110
0.0714286 605 115.375 110
0.1 551.25 0.575 105

0.1 826.875 0.575 157.5

0.0625 750 169.313 150
0.0909091 826.875 0.5 157.5

0.0909091 551.25 0.5 105

0.0625 605 105.000 110
0.0909091 551.25 0.5 105

0.0909091 551.25 0.5 105

0.0625 500 112.875 100
0.1 551.25 0.575 105

0.1 551.25 0.575 105

0.0714286 605 115.375
0.0625 605 0.5 110

#VALUE! #VALUE!
0 #VALUE!
0 0

#VALUE! #VALUE!
0 #VALUE!
0 0
#VALUE! #VALUE!
0 #VALUE!
0 0

#VALUE! #VALUE!
0 #VALUE!
0 0

#VALUE! #VALUE!
0 #VALUE!
0 0

#VALUE! #VALUE!
0 #VALUE!
0 0

#VALUE! #VALUE!
0 #VALUE!
0 0

#VALUE! #VALUE!
0 #VALUE!
0 0

#VALUE! #VALUE!
0 #VALUE!
0 0

#VALUE! #VALUE!
0 #VALUE!
0 0
 DESIGN OF BEAM
I. Design Criteria
Specified Compressive Strength of Concrete f’c = 20.7
Specified Yield Strength of Steel fy = 275
Length of Beam L = 4.5
II. Design Loads
Ultimate Weight Carried by the Beam Load from Slab = 5.400
Weight of Beam = 2.1186
Weight of Wall, Partitions, Cornices, etc = 2.54
Total, wu = 10.059
III. Moments and Reactions
Moment

= 82.6875

= 46.875

= 75.170454545
= 82.688
Shear

= 90.5625

= 78.75
Maximum Shear Vmax = 90.563
IV. Beam Depth, d
Assumed Width b = 200
Minimum Steel Ratio, ρmin ρmin = 1.4/fy = 0.0050909
Factor β = 0.850
Balance Steel Ratio, ρbal ρbal = (0.85f’cβ) (600)/ [fy (600+ fy)] = 0.0372923
Maximum Steel Ratio, ρmax ρmax = 0.75 ρbal = 0.0279692
Assumed Steel Ratio, ρ Use ρ = 0.5 ρmax = 0.0139846
ω ω = ρ fy/f’c = 0.1857857
Effective Depth, de = 366.27
Beam Thickness, D D = de + concrete cover + ½(bar Ø) + Stirrups Ø= 431.271
Use : 450
Effective Depth d = 385
V. Reinforcement Use : 16
Area of RSB, Abar Abar = πd2/4 = 201.06
ω = ρmax fy/f’c = 0.3715714
Mu max = φ f’c ω b d (1 – 0.59ω)
2
= 160.225
@
 Mu < Mu max : Singly
Coefficient of Resistance, Ru Ru = Mu / (φ b d2) = 3.099
Steel Ratio, ρ = 0.0124885
Required Tension Steel Area As = ρbd = 961.617
Number of RSB n = As / Abar = 4.783
Say : 6

@
Mu < Mu max : Singly
Coefficient of Resistance, Ru Ru = Mu / (φ b d2) = 1.757
Steel Ratio, ρ = 0.0067442
Required Tension Steel Area As = ρbd = 519.301
Number of RSB n = As / Abar = 2.583
Say : 4

@
Mu < Mu max : Singly
Coefficient of Resistance, Ru Ru = Mu / (φ b d2) = 2.817
Steel Ratio, ρ = 0.0112309
Required Tension Steel Area As = ρbd = 864.779
Number of RSB n = As / Abar = 4.301
 Say : 4

VI. Stirrups Design Use : 10

Area of Shear Reinforcement, Av 2Ab = 157.080
Factored Shear Force, Vu Vu = Vmax - wu d = 86.690
Shear Strength Provided by the Concrete, V c = 58.388
Vu > φVc Stirrups are Necessary
Shear Strength, Vs = 43.600
= 233.553
OK
Maximum Spacing of Web Reinforcement
for Vs < 2Vc max. S = d/2 or 600 mm (Smaller Value) = 192.5

Spacing of Web Reinforcement S = A v f y d / Vs = 381.440

Use : 0
 DESIGN OF BEAM

MPa
MPa
m

kN/m
kN/m
kN/m
kN/m 203.68665

kN-m
45.2637
kN-m

kN-m
kN-m

kN
169.3125
kN
kN

mm

mm OK
mm
mm OK
mm
mm Ø V. Reinforcement
mm2 Area of RSB, Abar

kN-m
@
Reinforced <<<
MPa Solve for As1
C1 = T 1
mm2 OK Depth of Equivalent Stress Block

pcs Value of Mu1

Value of Mu2
Solve for As2
Area of Tension Steel, As
Number of RSB for Tension

Stress of Compression Steel, f’s

f's > fy
Area of Compression Steel, A's
Number of RSB for Compression

@
Reinforced <<<
MPa Solve for As1

OK C1 = T 1
mm2 Depth of Equivalent Stress Block

pcs Value of Mu1

Value of Mu2
Solve for As2
Area of Tension Steel, As
Number of RSB for Tension

Stress of Compression Steel, f’s

f's > fy
Area of Compression Steel, A's
Number of RSB for Compression

@
Reinforced <<<
MPa Solve for As1

OK C1 = T 1
mm2 Depth of Equivalent Stress Block
pcs Value of Mu1
Value of Mu2
Solve for As2
Area of Tension Steel, As
Number of RSB for Tension

Stress of Compression Steel, f’s

f's > fy
Area of Compression Steel, A's
Number of RSB for Compression

mm Ø
mm2 2 < write 4 if Av=4Ab
kN
kN
<<< Maximum Spacing of Web Reinforcement
kN <<<
kN Spacing of Web Reinforcement

mm
OK
mm
OK
mm O.C.
 DESIGN OF BEAM

Use : 16 mm Ø
Abar = πd /4
2 = 201.06 mm
2

ω = ρmax fy/f’c = 0.3715714

Mu max = φ f’c ω b d (1 – 0.59ω)
2
= 160.225 kN-m
Mu < Mu max : Singly Reinforced
As1 = ρmax b d 2153.628 mm
2
=
0.85 f’c a b = As1 fy
a = 168.300 mm
c = a/β = 198.000 mm
Mu1 = Mu max = 160.225 kN-m
Mu2 = Mu – Mu1 = -77.538 kN-m
As2 = Mu2 / [φ fy (d –d’)] = -979.014 mm
2

As = As1 + As2 = 1174.614 mm

2

n = As / Abar = 5.842
Say : pcs
f’s = 600 ( c - d’)/c = 403.030 MPa
Compression Steel Yields
-979.014 mm
2
A's = As2 =
n = A's / Abar = -4.869
Say : pcs

Ru = Mu / (φ b d2) = Singly Reinforced

As1 = ρmax b d 2153.628 mm
2
=
0.85 f’c a b = As1 fy
a = 168.300 mm
c = a/β = 198.000 mm
Mu1 = Mu max = 160.225 kN-m
Mu2 = Mu – Mu1 = -113.350 kN-m
As2 = Mu2 / [φ fy (d –d’)] = -1431.192 mm
2

As = As1 + As2 = 722.436 mm

2

n = As / Abar = 3.593
Say : pcs
f’s = 600 ( c - d’)/c = 403.030 MPa
Compression Steel Yields
-1431.192 mm
2
A's = As2 =
n = A's / Abar = -7.118
Say : pcs

Ru = Mu / (φ b d2) = Singly Reinforced

As1 = ρmax b d 2153.628 mm
2
=
0.85 f’c a b = As1 fy
a = 168.300 mm
c = a/β = 198.000 mm
Mu1 = Mu max = 160.225 kN-m
Mu2 = Mu – Mu1 = -85.055 kN-m
As2 = Mu2 / [φ fy (d –d’)] = -1073.926 mm
2

As = As1 + As2 = 1079.702 mm

2

n = As / Abar = 5.370
Say : pcs
f’s = 600 ( c - d’)/c = 403.030 MPa
Compression Steel Yields
-1073.926 mm
2
A's = As2 =
n = A's / Abar = -5.341
Say : pcs

max. S = d/2 or 600 mm (Smaller Value) = 192.5 mm

Say : 280 mm Use Smaller
S = 3 Av fy / b = 647.953 mm
OK

Use : 0 mm O.C.