EROSIO

MASS SEDIMENTATIO
WASTING N
 EXOGENIC PROCESSES ARE
PROCESSES THAT TAKE PLACE AT OR
NEAR THE EARTH’S SURFACE THAT
MAKES THE SURFACE WEAR AWAY.
EXOGENIC
PROCESSES ARE VERY DESTRUCTIVE,
THEY ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR
DEGRADATION AND SCULPTING THE
EARTH’S SURFACE.
The physical weathering happens when rock is physically
broken into smaller pieces.
 RELEASE OF GROWTH
ICE
ICE WEDGING
WEDGING PRESSURE ABRASION ANIMALS OF
PLANTS
1. ICE WEDGING ~> H2O seeps in rock, expands, crack rocks into smaller pieces.
2. RELEASE OF PRESSURE ~> Surface rock erodes, rock flakes like onion layers.
3. GROWTH OF PLANTS ~> Roots grow into cracks and push rocks apart.
4. ANIMALS ~> Burrow and push apart rock.
5. ABRASION ~> Sand and rock carried by wind, water, ice wears away surface rock when
rocks collide. Most common in windy areas
The chemical weathering is the process of breaking
down rock through chemical changes.
 LIVING CARBON
WATE OXYGEN ACID RAIN ORGANISMS DIOXIDE
R

1. WATER ~> Water dissolves rock chemically.

2. OXYGEN ~> Rocks that has iron in it mixes with oxygen and rusts.
3. CARBON DIOXIDE ~> CO2 dissolves in rainwater and weathers marble and limestone.
4. LIVING ORGANISMS ~> Acids from plants and roots chemically weather rock.
5. ACID RAIN ~> Air pollution reacts with clouds and falls on rock as acid rain.
 EROSION BY WATER
Erosion by water changes the shape
of coastlines. Waves constantly crash
against shores. They pound rocks
into pebbles and reduce pebbles to
sand. Water sometimes takes sand
away from beaches. This moves the
coastline farther inland.
EROSION BY ICE
Erosion by ice can erode the land. In
frigid areas and on some
mountaintops, glaciers move slowly
downhill and across the land. As they
move, they pick up everything in their
path, from tiny grains of sand to huge
boulders.
EROSION BY WIND
Erosion by wind carries dust, sand,
and volcanic ash from one place to
another. Wind can sometimes blow
sand into towering dunes.
EROSION BY GRAVITY
Gravity pulls any loose bits down the
side of a hill or mountain. Gravity
Erosion is better known as Mass
Movement.
RESULT OF EROSION
REGOLITH ~> When weathered rock remains in place and
remains in its pure state.
SEDIMENT ~> When weathered material is removed from the
site of weathering.
MOVING WATER ~> It is the main agent of erosion. PEOPLE ~>
Nowadays, people became one of the causes of erosion.
WEATHERING AND EROSION ~> Weathered rock material will
be removed from its original site and transported away by a
natural agent.
 SEDIMENTATION

It is a natural process in which a material is carried to the

bottom of bodies of water and forms to solid.
 MASS WASTING

Mass wasting is the movement of rock, soil and

regolith downward due to the action of gravity.
 It is triggered by the
following factors:
OVER-STEEPENED VEGETATION
WATER EARTHQUAKE
SLOPE REMOVAL

Rapid movements are Rainwater adds weight It is a vibration and also a The lack of vegetation
commonly found in steep and acts as a lubricant to factor that triggers mass cover to hold the loose
slopes while slow weathered material. wasting. particles.
movements are found on
gentle slopes.
 TYPE OF MATERIAL

Debris, mud or earth If soil and regolith dominate.

Rock When a mass of bedrock break.

TYPE OF MOTION

Fall The free fall of detached individual pieces of any size.

Slide A distinct zone of weakness separating the slide material from the more
stable underlying material.

Flow Occurs when material moves down slope as a viscous fluid.

Classifications:

 Debris slide
 Debris flow
 Rock fall
 Soil creep
A slump is a type of
mass wasting that
results in the sliding of
coherent rock
materials along a
curved surface.
The solifluction is the
slow downhill flow of
soil.
Earthflow is a
downslope viscous flow
of fine-grained materials
that have been
saturated with water
and moves under the
pull of gravity.
Mudflow occurs when
mud travels down a
slope very quickly.

The Mameyes mudflow disaster, in barrio Tibes,

Ponce, Puerto Rico.
A debris slide is a type
of slide characterized by
the chaotic movement
of rocks, soil, and
debris mixed with water
and/or ice.
A debris flow is a
moving mass of
loose mud, sand, soil,
rock, water and air
that travels down a
slope under the
influence of gravity.
 Rock flow occurs when
pieces of rock break
loose from a steep rock
face or cliff.
 Soil Creep is a slow,
gradual movement of
soil or regolith
downhill over time.
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