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ON
AT
PROPOSED BY
PREPARED BY
14 Mass balance for the raw material and products Chapter No -2, Section No – 2.6 ,
should be included. Page No – 16, 17 & 18
Table -2.7 to 2.9
15 Energy balance data for all the components of Chapter No -2, Section No – 2.6,
ferro alloy plant should be incorporated. Figure – 2.3 to 2.5, Page No – 16,
17 & 19
16 Design details of Ferro Alloy Plant and Chapter No. -2, section No – 2.6,
manufacturing process details should be 2.7, Page No’s – 12 to 24
included.
17 Site-specific micro-meteorological data using Chapter No -3,
temperature, relative humidity, hourly wind Section No - 3.4.1 & Fig – 3.1
speed and direction and rainfall is necessary. Page No – 30, 32
18 Ambient air quality at 8 locations within the Chapter No -3,
study area of 10 km., aerial coverage from Section No -3.5, Table-3.2, Page
project site with one AAQMS in downwind No – 33, Figure- 3.2, Page No-35
direction should be carried out including
cumulative Impact of the surrounding industries.
19 The suspended particulate matter present in the
ambient air must be analyzed for the presence Will be enclosed
of poly-aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), i.e.
Benzene soluble fraction. Chemical
characterization of RSPM and incorporating of
RSPM data.
20 Determination of atmospheric inversion level at Chapter No -4,
the project site and assessment of ground level Section No -4.4, Table -4-3
concentration of pollutants from the stack Page No – 88 to 93 &
emission based on site-specific meteorological Annexure - I
features.
21 Air quality modeling for ferro alloy plant for Chapter No – 9,
specific pollutants needs to be done. APCS for Section No- 9.2, Page No – 119
the control of emissions should also be included
to control emissions within 50 mg/Nm3.
22 Ambient air quality as per National Ambient Air Chapter No -3, Section No -3.5,
Quality Emission Standards issued by the Page No –36
Ministry vide G.S.R. No. 826(E) dated 16th Table-3.4
November, 2009 should be included.
23 Air Quality Impact Predication Modeling based Chapter No. – 4, Section No. – 4.4,
on ISCST-3 or the latest models. Page No. – 88 to 93 &
Figure No- 4.1 to 4.3
24 Impact of the transport of the raw materials and All the raw material and finished
end products on the surrounding environment products will transported through
should be assessed and provided. closed or covered trucks
25 An action plan to control and monitor secondary Chapter No -9, Section No 9.2.2,
fugitive emissions from all the sources as per Page No -120
the latest permissible limits issued by the
Ministry vide G.S.R. 414(E) dated 30th May,
2008.
26 Presence of aquifer/aquifers within 1 km of the There are no aquifers with in 1 km
project boundaries and management plan for radius
recharging the aquifer should be included.
27 Source of surface/ground water level, site Enclosed as Annexure - C
(GPS), cation, anion (Ion Chromatograph),
metal trace element (as above) chemical
analysis for water to be used. If surface water is
used from river, rainfall, discharge rate,
quantity, drainage and distance from project
site should also be included.
28 Ground water analysis with bore well data, litho- Enclosed as Annexure -C
logs, drawdown and recovery tests to quantify
the area and volume of aquifer and its
management.
29 ‘Permission’ for the drawl of water should be
obtained. Water balance data must be provided. Applied for Ground water
Department & Chapter No -2 ,
Section N o – 2.10.1 Page No –23,
Table-2.10
30 A note on the impact of drawl of water on the Not Applicable
nearby River during lean season.
31 Action plan for rainwater harvesting measures. Chapter No -9,Section-9.9, Figure
No – 9.4 ,Page No – 132
32 Surface water quality of nearby River (60 m Chapter No -3 , Section No –
upstream and downstream) and other surface 3.7,Page No -41
drains at eight locations must be ascertained.
33 If the site is within 10 km radius of any major Enclosed as Annexure- L
river, Flood Hazard Zonation Mapping is required
at 1:5000 to 1;10,000 scale indicating the peak
and lean river discharge as well as flood
occurrence frequency.
34 Pretreatment of raw water, treatment plant for Chapter No -4, Section No - 4.6
waste water should be described in detail. ,Page No – 91
Design specifications may be included.
35 Ground water monitoring minimum at 8 Chapter No -3 , Section No –
locations and near solid waste dump zone, 3.7,Page No -41
Geological features and Geo-hydrological status
of the study area is essential as also. Ecological
status (Terrestrial and Aquatic) is vital.
36 Action plan for solid/hazardous waste Chapter No -4 ,Section No – 4.7.1,
generation, storage, utilization and disposal Page No –95
particularly slag from all the sources should also
be included.
37 Identification and details of land to be used for Chapter No -9 ,Section No – 9.2.6,
all type of slag disposal in the secured land fill Page No –122
as per CPCB guidelines should be included.
38 End use of solid waste and its composition
should be covered. Toxic metal content in the
waste material and its composition should also
be incorporated particularly of slag.
39 Provision of Toxic Chemical Leachability TCLP test will be conducted and
Potential (TCLP) test for the slag and its end use based on the test reports slag will
should be included. be disposed
40 Commitment that no Ferro chrome will be RANSL giving commitment that no
manufactured without prior approval of the Ferro Chrome will be produced
Ministry. without prior approval from the
ministry.
41 Acton plan for the green belt development plan Chapter – 9, Section – 9.3.3, Page
in 33 % area should be included. No. – 125.
42 Detailed description of the flora and fauna Enclosed as Annexure – E & F
(terrestrial and aquatic) should be given with
special reference to rare, endemic and
endangered species.
43 Disaster Management Plan including risk Chapter – 7, Section – 7.2, Page
assessment and damage control needs to be No.s – 100.
addressed and included.
44 Details regarding expected Occupational & Chapter – 9, Section – 9.5,
Safety Hazards. Protective measures for Page No. – 127
Occupational Safety & Health hazards so that
such exposure can be kept within permissible
exposure level so as to protect health of
workers. Health of the workers with special
reference to Occupational Health. Plan of
exposure specific health status evaluation of
workers; pre placement and periodical health
status of workers; plan of evaluation of health of
workers by pre designed format, chest x ray,
Audiometry, Spirometry Vision testing (Far &
Near vision, colour vision and any other ocular
defect) ECG, during pre placement and
periodical examinations and plan of monthly and
yearly report of the health status of workers
with special reference to Occupational Health
and Safety.
45 At least 5 % of the total cost of the project Chapter No - 8, Section -8.4 Page
should be earmarked towards the Enterprise No – 116
Social Commitment based on Public Hearing
issues and item-wise details along with time
bound action plan should be prepared and
incorporated. Socio-economic development
activities need to be elaborated upon.
46 Total capital cost and recurring cost/annum for Chapter No - 9, Table No -9.4 Page
environmental pollution control measures should No – 133
also be included.
47 Public hearing issues raised and commitments
made by the project proponent on the same Public Hearing minutes is given
should be included separately in EIA/EMP Report wide Annexure - J
in the form of tabular chart with financial budget
for complying with the commitments made.
48 Any litigation pending against the project and / No legal litigations with project
or any direction / order passed by any Court of activity
Law against the project, if so, details thereof.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
M/s. REFULGENT ALLOYS N STEEL LIMITED,
Sancham (Village), Ranastalam (Mandal), Executive Summary
Srikakulam (District), Andhra Pradesh.
1 INTRODUCTION
The maximum production capacity of the proposed ferro alloys plant is 77,890
tons per annum. Depending on marketability from time to time single product
or four products will be manufactured in the proposed plant. But the
maximum possible production capacity by installing 4 x 9 MVA is 70974 Tons
per Annum.
2 PROJECT LOCATION
The site for the proposed project is located at Survey No 191 & 192, Sancham
Village, Ranastalam Mandal, Srikakulam District, Andhra Pradesh.
3 LAND ACQUIRED
The proposed project will be set up over 11.42 Acres of land. 33 % of total area
will be earmarked for developing green belts.
4 PROJECT COST
The estimated cost for the proposed project is INR 96 Crores. Out of this about
INR 6 Crores will be spent on environmental infrastructure and management
plan.
5 PROJECT SIZE
The proposed Ferro Alloy unit will manufacture the following products
E- 1
M/s. REFULGENT ALLOYS N STEEL LIMITED,
Sancham (Village), Ranastalam (Mandal), Executive Summary
Srikakulam (District), Andhra Pradesh.
Raw material required for manufacturing of Ferro Alloy are Manganese Ore,
Coke, Indian Coal, Dolomite, Electrode Paste, Quartz, Mill Scale, MS Rounds
and Casting Sheets.
7 PROCESS DESCRIPTION
Raw materials in required size are stored in hoppers over the furnaces which
are mixed for smelting.
High current is passed into the charged raw material through submerged, self-
baking, and three electrodes. Exothermic metallurgical reactions result in the
production of molten metal (Ferro Manganese, Silica Manganese or Silicon
Metal) along with slag.
The molten metal and slag are tapped at regular intervals through tap holes
into a ladle. As the metal fills into the ladle, slag, being lighter than the metal,
flows over into another ladle placed nearby.
E- 2
M/s. REFULGENT ALLOYS N STEEL LIMITED,
Sancham (Village), Ranastalam (Mandal), Executive Summary
Srikakulam (District), Andhra Pradesh.
Sizing &
8 BASELINE STATUS
Environmental components such as air, noise, water, land, biological and socio
economic within an area of 10 km radius around the proposed project site were
monitored during the Study Period (February 2011 – April 2011)
Environmental Attributes
1. Micro-Meteorology 1 locations
2. Air Environment 8 locations
3. Noise Environment 8 locations
4. Water Environment 9 locations
5. Soil Environment 8 locations
6. Ecology Environment 10 km radius
7. Socio Economic Status 10 km radius
E- 3
M/s. REFULGENT ALLOYS N STEEL LIMITED,
Sancham (Village), Ranastalam (Mandal), Executive Summary
Srikakulam (District), Andhra Pradesh.
8.1 Micro-Meteorology
1 Micro-Meteorological Station was installed to record wind direction, wind
speed, relative humidity, rainfall and temperatures in the study area. The
minimum and maximum readings are as follows
S. No Parameter Value
1. Wind Direction during Predominant wind direction SW
study period
2. Avg. Wind Speed (m/sec) 0.5 to 5.5 m/s
E- 4
M/s. REFULGENT ALLOYS N STEEL LIMITED,
Sancham (Village), Ranastalam (Mandal), Executive Summary
Srikakulam (District), Andhra Pradesh.
Area Ld Ln
Industrial Areas 75 70
Residential 55 45
All the samples were well within the prescribed standards of IS 10500.
E- 5
M/s. REFULGENT ALLOYS N STEEL LIMITED,
Sancham (Village), Ranastalam (Mandal), Executive Summary
Srikakulam (District), Andhra Pradesh.
Clay 42 – 60 %
Results of soil samples analysis had shown the domination of clay and sandy
clay soils with medium fertility.
The total population of study area is 93,623 with a sex ratio of 1000:
962.
SC & ST percentage in the study area is 12.1% & 2.03% of the total
population.
Total literates in the study area are 45.0% which is very low with 27.8%
of male literates and 17.2% of female literates.
Main occupation of the people in the study area is agriculture and other
works. Study area consists of 29.1% of cultivators, 47.6% agricultural
labours, 3.4% Household industry workers and 19.9% other workers.
E- 6
M/s. REFULGENT ALLOYS N STEEL LIMITED,
Sancham (Village), Ranastalam (Mandal), Executive Summary
Srikakulam (District), Andhra Pradesh.
The Overall Scenario with predicted concentrations over the maximum baseline
concentrations is shown below.
E- 7
M/s. REFULGENT ALLOYS N STEEL LIMITED,
Sancham (Village), Ranastalam (Mandal), Executive Summary
Srikakulam (District), Andhra Pradesh.
The main solid wastes generated from the proposed plant are Slag and Dust.
Total slag generation from the proposed plant will be 362.45TPD (228.95 TPD
of Ferro Manganese slag, 125.24 TPD of Silico Manganese & 8.26 TPD of Ferro
Silicon Slag). As the Ferro Manganese slag will be reused in Silico Manganese
Manufacturing process, so only Silico Manganese and Ferro Silicon Slag of
133.50 TPD will be considered as solid waste along with Bag filter dust of 37.13
TPD.
Wastes & Quantity(TPD) Mode of Disposal
Source
Slag from 133.50 Used for filling low lying
Furnaces areas and for construction
Dust from Bag 37.13 Fly ash bricks
filters manufacturing units
The slag will be sent to brick and cement manufacturing units & also used in
filling Low Lying areas, Construction activities.
E- 8
M/s. REFULGENT ALLOYS N STEEL LIMITED,
Sancham (Village), Ranastalam (Mandal), Executive Summary
Srikakulam (District), Andhra Pradesh.
The management has committed for a capital budget of Rs. 6 Crores towards
EMP and mitigation measures with an estimated recurring expenditure of
Rs. 0.70 Crores per annum.
1. Use of concrete and masonry walls and barriers – keeping in view the
benefits of stiffness, weight and cavity construction and the need to
provide well sealed sound attenuating doors and windows.
2. Use of complete or partial enclosures.
3. Attenuation by use of sound absorbents on walls and fixed or suspended
ceilings.
E- 9
M/s. REFULGENT ALLOYS N STEEL LIMITED,
Sancham (Village), Ranastalam (Mandal), Executive Summary
Srikakulam (District), Andhra Pradesh.
3 nos of Rain water harvest pits will be provisioned for recharging the ground
water.
10.5 Employment
Due to the proposed project, direct employment and indirect employment will
be around 140. Unskilled manpower will be filled with local village people.
Continual and sustainable employment of nearly 300 persons by the project
would spur indirect employment, especially in the small business and services
segment, in the local economy.
E- 10
M/s. REFULGENT ALLOYS N STEEL LIMITED,
Sancham (Village), Ranastalam (Mandal), Executive Summary
Srikakulam (District), Andhra Pradesh.
12 CONCLUSION
Thus, it can be concluded that with the judicious and proper implementation of
the pollution control and mitigation measures, the proposed project will be
beneficial to the society and will help reduce the demand – supply gap of Ferro
alloys and will contribute to the economic development of the region in
particular and country in general.
E- 11
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-9-
EIA REPORT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CONTENTS
S.No PARTICULARS PAGE.NO
1.0 Introduction 1
1.1 Purpose of the Report 1
1.2 Status of the Project 1
1.3 Identification of Project & Project Proponent 1
1.4 Promoters 2
1.5 Project Cost 2
1.6 Location of the Project Site 2
1.7 Project Importance 6
2.0 Project Description 8
2.1 Type of Project 8
2.2 Need For The Project 8
2.3 Project Site Location And Plant Layout 8
2.4 Products & Production Capacities 10
2.5 Raw Materials Requirement 10
2.5.1 Chemical And Physical Properties Of Raw Materials 11
2.5.2 Source of Raw Materials 12
2.6 Manufacturing Process 12
2.6.1 Basic Process 12
2.6.2 Smelting Procedure 13
2.6.3 Ferro –Manganese Manufacturing Process 15
2.6.4 Silico-Manganese Manufacturing Process 16
2.6.5 Ferro-Silicon Manufacturing Process: 18
2.7 Plant Facilities & Other Requirements 19
2.7.1 Raw Material Receipt And Storage Yard 19
2.7.2 Raw Material Handling System 19
2.7.3 Submerged Electrical Arc Furnace 20
2.7.4 Hot Metal Handling 20
2.8 Control & Instrumentation (C & I) 21
2.8.1 Utilities & Services 21
2.8.2 Compressed Air System 21
2.8.3 Electrical Power Supply And Distribution 21
2.8.4 Fire Protection Facilities 22
2.10 Utilities 23
2.10.1 Water Requirement 23
2.10.2 Wastewater Generation 23
2.11 Land Requirement 24
2.12 Man Power Requirement 24
2.13 Power Requirement 24
3.0 Description of Environment 25
3.1 Scope 25
3.2 Methodology of EIA 25
3.2.1 Micro Meteorology 26
3.2.2 Ambient Air Quality 26
3.2.3 Noise Environment 27
3.2.4 Water Environment 27
3.2.5 Land Environment 28
3.2.6 Biological Environment 28
3.2.7 Socio- Economic Environment 28
Prediction of Impacts, Environmental Management Plan &
3.3 28
Disaster Management Plan
3.4 Baseline Environment 30
3.4.1 Micro Meteorology Of Study Area 30
3.5 Ambient Air Quality 33
3.5.1 Sampling & Testing Methodology 36
3.5.2 Analysis of Baseline Concentrations 36
3.6 Noise Environment 37
3.7 Water Environment 41
3.8 Land Environment 45
3.8.1 Soil Quality 45
3.8.2 Soil Samples Within 10 Km Radius 47
3.9 Traffic Survey 47
3.9.1 Methodology 49
3.9.2 Existing Traffic 49
3.10 Biological Environment 49
3.10.1 Flora 49
3.10.2 Fauna 50
3.11 Socio Economic Environment 50
3.12 Remote Sensing Study 51
3.12.1 Introduction 51
3.12.2 Project Site Location 52
3.12.3 Study Area 52
3.12.4 Role of Remote Sensing And GIS 52
3.12.5 Remote Sensing (Rs) 52
3.12.6 GIS 53
3.12.7 Data Products 54
3.13 Spatial Data Generated From Top Sheets 60
Spatial Data Generated from Satellite Data and other
3.14 66
datasets
3.15 Generation Of Thematic Layers 69
3.15 .1 Land Use/Land Cover Mapping 69
3.15.2 Geomorphology Map 80
3.15.3 Ground Water Potential Map 83
4.0 Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures 85
4.1 Air Environment 86
4.2 Stack Height Estimation 87
4.3 Meteorological Data 88
4.4 Model Employed 88
4.5 Noise Environment 93
4.6 Water Environment 95
4.7 Land Environment 95
4.8 Socio – Economic environment 96
5.0 Analysis Of Alternatives (Technology & Site) 97
5.1 Analysis Of Alternative Technology 97
5.2 Analysis Of Alternative Sites 97
6.0 Environmental Monitoring Program 98
6.1 Environmental Monitoring 98
6.1.1 Meteorology 98
6.1.2 Ambient Air Quality 98
6.1.3 Water Quality 99
6.1.4 Noise Environment 99
6.1.5 Occupational Health 99
Budget For Implementation Of Environmental Management
6.2 99
Plan
7.0 Additional Studies 100
7.1 Public Consultation 100
Risk Assessment And Approach To Emergency Preparedness
7.2 100
Plan
7.2.1 Preliminary Accident/ Hazard Analysis 101
7.2.2 Potential Hazards 103
7.2.3 Maximum Credible Accident Analysis 104
7.2.4 Pool Fire Model 104
7.2.5 Scenarios for MCA Analysis 105
7.2.6 Consequence Analysis 106
Fire Protection and Safety Measures for Fire and Explosion
7.2.7 107
Hazards
7.2.8 Emergency Preparedness Plan 107
7.2.9 Structure of Emergency Management 108
7.2.9.1 Noticing the Accidents 108
7.2.9.2 Informing declarer of Emergency 109
7.2.9.3 Declaration of Emergency 109
7.2.9.4 Functions of Declarer 110
7.2.9.5 Interaction with Outside Agencies 110
7.3 Evacuation of Workers and Shut Down of Operations 111
7.3.1 Evacuation of Workers 111
7.3.2 Control of Emergency 112
7.3.3 Emergency Equipment 112
7.3.4 Training Facilities 112
7.3.5 Interaction with outside Agencies 114
7.3.5.1 Treatment of affected persons 114
7.3.5.2 Interaction with Police 114
7.3.5.3 Interaction with Fire Brigade 114
7.3.5.4 Interaction with Public & Press 115
7.3.5.5 All Clear Signal 115
8.0 PROJECT BENEFITS 116
8.1 Improvement in Physical Infrastructure 116
8.2 Improvement in Social Infrastructure 116
8.3 Employment Potential 116
8.4 Socio Economic Benefits 116
9.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 117
9.1 EMP During Construction Phase 118
9.1.1 Air Environment 118
9.1.2 Noise Environment 118
9.1.3 Water Environment 118
9.1.4 Land Environment 118
9.1.5 Socio – Economic Environment 119
9.2 Environmental Management Plan – Operational Phase 119
9.2.1 Air Environment 119
9.2.2 System description 119
9.2.3 Fugitive Dust Control 125
9.2.4 Noise Environment 127
9.2.5 Water Environment 128
9.2.6 Land Environment 128
9.2.7 Solid waste generation 128
9.3 Measures for Improvement of Ecology 129
9.3.1 Plantation for Aesthetics 129
9.3.2 Green Belt Development 129
9.3.3 Action Plan for Development of Green Belt 131
9.4 Socio Economic Environment 132
9.5 Occupational Safety & Health Management 133
9.6 Post Project Monitoring 133
9.6.1 Monitoring Strategy 133
9.6.2 Stack Monitoring 134
9.6.3 Ambient Air Monitoring 134
9.6.4 Noise Monitoring 134
9.6.5 Micro Meteorological Observations 134
9.6.6 Monitoring of Outlet Cooling Water 135
9.6.7 Monitoring of Effluents Streams 135
9.6.8 Monitoring of Water Quality 135
9.7 Infrastructure for Environmental Protection 135
9.8 Environmental Management Cell 136
9.9 CREP 137
10 Summary & Conclusion 140
10.1 Summary 140
10.2 Conclusion 142
11 DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS 143
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1.1 Location Map 3
Figure 1.2 Topo Map 4
Figure 2.1 Plant Layout 9
Figure 2.2 Process Flow Diagram Ferro Alloy Plant 15
Figure 2.3 Energy Balance For Ferro Manganese 16
Figure 2.4 Energy Balance For Silico Manganese 17
Figure 2.5 Energy Balance For Ferro-Silicon 19
Figure 3.1 Wind Rose Diagram 32
Figure 3.2 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations 35
Figure 3.3 Noise Monitoring Locations Map 40
Figure 3.4 Water Sampling Locations Map 43
Figure 3.5 Soil Sampling Locations Map 46
Figure 3.6 Locations Map Of Traffic Survey 48
Figure 3.7 Showing Base Map of the Study Area 61
Figure 3.8 Showing Road Network Map of the Study Area 63
Figure 3.9 Showing Drainage Map of the Study Area 65
Figure 3.10 Showing Satellite Image of the Study Area 68
Figure 3.11 Flow Chart For Lu/Lc Mapping Methodology 77
Figure 3.12 Showing Land Use / Land Cover Map Of The 79
Study Area
Figure 3.13 Showing Geomorphology Map of the Study Area 82
Figure 3.14 Ground Water Potential Map of the Study Area 84
Figure 4.1 Ground Level Concentrations Of Particulate 90
Matter
INTRODUCTION
REFULGENT ALLOYS N STEEL LIMITED,
Sancham (Village), Ranastalam (Mandal), DRAFT EIA REPORT
Srikakulam (District), Andhra Pradesh.
CHAPTER – 1: INTRODUCTION
M/s Refulgent Alloys N Steel Ltd (RANSL) has submitted the application for Prior
Environmental Clearance as per the new EIA notification 2006, along with Form1,
Terms of Reference for EIA study and Pre - Feasibility Report in November 2010 to
MoEF. The Expert Appraisal Committee considered the project in the 19th meeting
held on 22nd – 23rd February 2011 and granted ToR for EIA study and prescribed
additional Terms of References to be incorporated in the EIA report vide letter No:
J-11011/42/2011-IA-II (I) dated 13-04-2011.
The EIA study was carried out as per the issued ToR and Environmental Impact
Assessment study report prepared for submission to MoEF.
1.3 IDENTIFICATION OF PROJECT & PROJECT PROPONENT
The maximum production capacity of the proposed ferro alloy plant is 77,890 TPA.
Depending on the marketability single product or mix of the three products will be
manufactured in the proposed plant.
M/s. Refulgent Alloys N Steel Limited (RANSL) incorporated in 2010 under Indian
Companies act, 1956 with corporate office at #3 & 4, Ground Floor, Amrutha
Apartments, Bhanu Street, Dabagardens, and Visakhapatnam–530 020.
CHAPTER – 1: INTRODUCTION
M/s Refulgent Alloys N Steel Ltd (RANSL) has submitted the application for Prior
Environmental Clearance as per the new EIA notification 2006, along with Form1,
Terms of Reference for EIA study and Pre - Feasibility Report in November 2010 to
MoEF. The Expert Appraisal Committee considered the project in the 19th meeting
held on 22 nd – 23rd February 2011 and granted ToR for EIA study and prescribed
additional Terms of References to be incorporated in the EIA report vide letter No:
J-11011/42/2011-IA-II (I) dated 13-04-2011. As per the issued ToR we have
conducted EIA study and public hearing was conducted on 10-02-2012,
incorporating all the additional ToR and P.H minutes Final EIA Report was prepared
and submitting to MoEF.
M/s. Refulgent Alloys N Steel Limited (RANSL) has proposed to install 4 x 9 MVA
Submerged Electric Arc Furnaces with a production capacity of 77,890 TPA of Ferro
Manganese, 57,400 TPA of Silico Manganese and 27,264 TPA of Ferro Silicon at
Survey No: 191 & 192, Sancham Village, Ranastalam Mandal, Srikakulam District,
Andhra Pradesh.
The maximum production capacity of the proposed ferro alloy plant is 77,890 TPA.
Depends on the marketability single product or three products will be
manufactured in the proposed plant.
M/s. Refulgent Alloys N Steel Limited (RANSL) incorporated in 2010 under Indian
Companies act, 1956 with corporate office at #3 & 4, Ground Floor, Amrutha
Apartments, Bhanu Street, Dabagardens, and Visakhapatnam–530 020.
1.4 PROMOTERS
Mr. Ramesh Jalan is the Managing Director of the Company. He is having strong
background and experience in Construction, Production and marketing lines. The
promoter is successfully running their other business since a decade.
The estimated project cost of proposed Ferro Alloy project is Rs 96 Crores of which
Rs 6.0 Crores will be incurred towards implementation of Environmental
Management Plan.
The proposed project site is located at Survey No: 191&192, Sancham Village,
Ranastalam Mandal, Srikakulam District, Andhra Pradesh.
Topo Map showing the 10 km radius of the study area is given in Figure – 1.2.
F IG U R E - 1 .1
L O C A T IO N M A P
IN D IA
ANDHRA PRADESH
A d ila b a d
K a r im n a g a r V iz ia n a g a r a m
N iz a m a ba d S r ik a k u la m
Medak W a r a n ga l
V is h a k a p a t n a m
H y de r a b a d Kham m am
East
Ranga
G o d a va ri
Reddy N a lg o nd a W est
G odavari
M a h a bo o b G u n tu r K r is h n a
nagar
K u rn o o l P ra k a sa m
A n a n t h a pu r N e llo re
C u d d a pa h
C h itt o o r
Ic h c h ap u r am
S R IK A K U L A M
K a viti
Ja la n tr a
S o m p e ta
Pa tta n g i
M a n d as a B ar u v a
T ar la k ota
K o ttu r u P alas a
K a sib u g g a
Pa ta p a tn a m
V ir a g h a tta m K o r os a va d a
N a u pa da
H ir a m a n d a la m N a n d ig a m
T em b u r u A m m a la pa du
T e k ka li
P alko n d a
S a r va ko ta
N u v a lr e v u
M u kh a lin g am K o ta b o m m a li
Ja lk u m u ru
K a viti T ilar u
R az a m
K a n o h a r am BAY O F B ENGA L
A m u d a la v a la s a N ar a s an n a p eta
S ig ad a m
D e va d a i
P on d u r u S rik a k ula m
G ar a
A r as a va lli
Ferro alloys, in particular Manganese alloys are used by steel and stainless steel
industry. In steel industry, these above mentioned Ferro-alloys are being used as a
de-oxidizing agents and also adding as an alloy to improve the properties of steel
for different applications. As the nickel become costlier day-by-day, R&D is taking
place to replace nickel with manganese. This has become successful in some
grades of stainless steel. Demand for Ferro-manganese, medium carbon silicon-
manganese and low carbon Silico-manganese has gone up due to usage of these
Ferro-alloys in stainless steel.
Ferro alloy industry, which is totally dependent on the steel industry in the country,
has touched another mile stone in production as well as exports.
Increase
Indian Scenario 2006-07 2005-06
(%)
Production of the Industry (million tons) 2.00 1.65 21.21 %
Production of Manganese Alloys (million tons) 1.08 0.89 21.35 %
Production of Chrome Alloys (million tons) 0.80 0.66 21.21 %
Production of Noble Ferro Alloys (tons) 27,763 23,049 20.45 %
Exports of the Industry (million tons) 0.58 0.45 28.89 %
Exports of the Industry (Rs in millions) 18,962 13,373 41.79 %
Exports of Ferro Chrome (tons) 356,112 299,680 18.83 %
Exports of Manganese Alloys (tons) 222,877 151,678 46.94 %
Further, potentially tight supply conditions of mined raw materials like coal and
iron ore, shortage of international bulk carrying capacities and high transportation
costs, possibilities of global destabilization through rising oil prices and high rates
of inflation and interest in the developed world – also remain major causes of
concern for the world steel industry including India in the near future.
The National Steel Policy projects an export ratio (i.e., percentage of production
exported) in the range of 25-26% by 2019-20. Currently, India exports about 10%
of its total finished steel production. The milestone export ratio for the Eleventh
Plan period is estimated to remain within a range of 12% - 15% of total
production.
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
REFULGENT ALLOYS N STEEL LIMITED,
Sancham (Village), Ranastalam (Mandal), EIA REPORT
Srikakulam (District), Andhra Pradesh.
M/s. Refulgent Alloys N Steel Limited (RANSL) has proposed to install a Ferro Alloy
plant that comes under Category ‘A’ and installing 4 x 9 MVA Submerged Electric
Arc Furnaces at Survey No: 191 & 192, Sancham Village, Ranastalam Mandal,
Srikakulam District, Andhra Pradesh.
Ferro alloys, in particular Manganese alloys are used by steel and stainless steel
industry. In steel industry, these above mentioned Ferro-alloys are being used as a
de-oxidizing agents and also adding as an alloy to improve the properties of steel
for different applications. As the nickel become costlier day-by-day, R&D is taking
place to replace nickel with manganese. This has become successful in some
grades of stainless steel. Demand for Ferro-manganese, medium carbon silicon-
manganese and low carbon Silico-manganese has gone up due to usage of these
Ferro-alloys in stainless steel. Ferro alloy industry, which is totally dependent on
the steel industry in the country, has touched another mile stone in production as
well as exports.
The increasing demand in carbon steel and stainless steel within the country and
globally is a welcome sign for the Ferro alloy industry for the coming years.
Consumption of manganese alloys and chrome alloys have increased considerably
in line with increase in steel and stainless steel production, and is expected to
increase further with higher growth rate in both the steel sectors.
M/s. Refulgent Alloys N Steel Limited (RANSL) will be located at Survey No:
191&192, Sancham Village, Ranastalam Mandal, Srikakulam Distirct, Andhra
Pradesh and falls between the Latitude 18o10’1.08.” N and Longitude 83o36’43.58”
E.
E 1519
460
CE GAT 01
RITY
0
6000
ENTRAN SECU OM
RO
H
WE IG
E
HOUS
SI
RO AD
1800
4M WID E 0
TE
6M WIDE ROAD
11
ID GE
H BR
6000 WEIG ME
AD TE
ETS DE RO
6M WI R
BO
TOIL BUILT UP AREA DETAILS
WI UN
DE
20000
1 70 00 GR AREA
15 00 0 1 500 0 800 0 9 00 0
DESCRIPTION
DA
ADMINISTRATION
EE
BUILDING N Sq Mtr
10 0 0 0
RY
8000
BE
LT 2 X 9MVA FERRO ALLOY PLANT
6M
61 00 FURNACE AREA
6500
WI
1 66 5
DE
275 00
2500
18 00 RO
32 50 28 5 0
( 9 MV A )
A D
FURNACE BUILDING 1870
F U R N A C E- 4
6500
3000
D UC T FR O M F U RN A C E S TA C K T O G AS CO O LE R
1 119
13
HOT METAL BAY 1650
6000
6500
FURNA CE
S TACK (4)
11000 FINISHED PRODUCT SHED 1650
6000
DU CT F ROM FU RNAC E S TAC K TO GAS COOL ER
6500
N 5000
IO POLLUTION CONTROL EQPMT 1860
AT
FUR NACE
STAC K (3)
NT
6000
A
6 M WI
PL 61 00
DE
6 500
RAW MATERIAL HANDLING SYSTEM
2500
1665
18 00
ELT
27500
RO A D
32 50 28 5 0
( 9 M V A)
GROUND HOPPER SHEDS
F U R NA C E - 3
250
6500
Srikakulam (District), Andhra Pradesh.
N B
SCREEN HOUSE
REFULGENT ALLOYS N STEEL LIMITED,
43
8000
16
REE
FINES BUNKER
1100 00
Sancham (Village), Ranastalam (Mandal),
3 2 1
8000
RAW MATERIAL DAY BINS 305
E G
CONVEYING AREA 220
61 00
WID
6500
10000
1665
27500
SUB STATION
2660
18 00
(9 MVA)
32 50 28 5 0
ER
F U R N AC E - 2
RMHS & APCU
6500
8 000
6000
CONTROL ROOM 132 KV SUB STATION 1200
2200 5000
MET
DU CT FROM FU RNA CE S TAC K TO GAS COOL ER
6500
FU RNACE
STA CK (2 )
UTILITIES
6000
9
POLLUTION CONTROL EQUIPMENT - 2
11
WATER TANK
650 0
318
6000
FU RNACE
ST ACK ( 1)
GAS COOLER I.D FAN
61 00
3000
BAG FILTERS
PUMP HOUSE 110
6500
23 50
1 66 5
18 00 SECURITY ROOM 30
27500
32 50 28 5 0
( 9 MV A )
34 500
F U R N A C E- 1
6500
ADMINISTRATION BUILDING 200
WATER TANK 11000
9200
8000
WORKSHOP 120
6 M W ID E R OAD
LT
18000 WEIGH HOUSE & WEIGH BRIDGE
6M
78
BE
WI
N
IO 40000
DE
AT RAW MATERIAL STORAGE SHEDS 1440
N
NT
LA
RO
P
AD
EE
GR E E N B E LT
5M PLANTATION
STORES BUILDINGS 240
GR
RAW MATERIAL SHED
RMHS AND APCU CONTROL ROOM 80
18000
DE
132 KV CONTROL ROOM 200
WI
RAW WATER HORVESTING POND
R
DEISEL GENERATOR SHED 72
25000
SI
TE
RAW MATERIAL SHED TOILETS 24
5 M P LAN TA TIO N
5 M PLA NT ATI ON
ME
1 8 00 0
TE
TOTAL PROPOSED BUILTUP AREA 12048
11
1 1 M E T ER W ID E
5M PLANTATION
INTERNAL ROADS
40000
4 0000
BO
6M WIDE ROAD 6 MTR WIDE INTERNAL ROAD 4540
SITE B
ND
8000
8000
CONTROL ROOM
10000
5M PLANTATION
OUN DA
6M
WI
PLANTATION
DE
RY
RO
AD
RAW WATER
TOTAL LAND USAGE
HORVESTING POND
4 00 0 0
AREA
S.No DESCRIPTION
6 0 0 00
11
Sq Mtr Acres
6M WI DE ROA D
00
5M PL AN TAT ION
5M PL AN TAT ION
0
1 BUILT UP AREA 12048 2.98
13 2 KV SUB S TAT IO N
P LA N T AT I O N
2 0000
SLAG DUMPING LT
AREA BE
E EN
GR
DE
WI
E R
M ET
11
Dra wn M.Santho sh
SITE LAYOUT
Approv ed Prabath
CONSULTANT: Date
Scale : Dra wn to scale Shee t : 01 OF 01
RALLY TECH SERVICES (P) LTD. 18.11.2011
M/s. RANSL is proposing to produce Ferro Alloys namely, Ferro Manganese, Silico
Manganese and Ferro Silicon alloys by installing 4 x 9 MVA Submerged Electric arc
furnaces. The following table gives the details regarding the proposed production
capacities.
The main raw materials required for producing the Ferro Manganese, Silico
Manganese & Ferro Silicon:
Chemical and physical properties of the raw materials are presented below:
These raw materials are purchased from various sources. The details are presented
below Table - 2.6.
Most of the Ferro alloys are produced by smelting process. Smelting of the charged
material is carried out in an electrical arc furnaces equipped with transformer of
proper ratings.
Ferro-alloys are produced by reducing metals from their oxides contained in ores
by using a suitable reduction under conditions created to ensure a high recovery of
the valuable elements from the starting materials. Such reduction reactions are
characterized by stability of an oxide at high temperatures. The stability of all
oxides will become more stable with increasing temperature. An element which
forms a stronger oxide can under appropriate conditions be used as reductant for a
less strong oxide. The reaction will proceed successfully if the difference of oxygen
involved with a small difference, favorable conditions should be formed to make
the reaction proceed.
The presence of iron or iron oxides can facilitate some reduction processes. Iron
dissolves the reduced element, forms a compound with it, and thus lowers the
melting point of an iron element alloy is lower than that of the pure element, e.g.
in Ferro-manganese production, and therefore the reaction of reduction of the
element can proceed at a lower temperature.
The charge for smelting Ferro Alloy is made up with the mixture of Manganese ore,
reductant and dolomite.
The charge is loaded into the furnace from a charging apparatus which essentially
is an electrically driven carriage moving on a monorail. The carriage has a loading
chute. Coke breeze is first loaded from furnace bins to the charging apparatus,
followed by ore. This sequence of charging ensures more thorough mixing of the
charge and prevents sticking of moist ore fines to the walls of charging apparatus.
In order to prevent separation of the charge into components, the entire batch is
poured into a pile on the charge and a specific amount of dolomite is added to it.
After that the piles are gathered into cones around the electrodes.
The charging apparatus can deliver the charge only to the front side of electrodes.
The materials are pushed to the rear side of electrodes by means of long rabbles
and are partly thrown by shovels from piles prepared on the working stage at the
rear corners of the furnace.
spacing between the electrodes and furnace bottom prevents overheating of the
metal and evaporation of manganese.
Gases should evolve evenly over the whole surface of the furnace top. With fine
materials used for smelting Ferro-alloy, gases tern to escape through blowholes
they from near an electrode and therefore in that case it is especially important to
maintain a high cone of charge at the electrodes and pierce the materials at the
cone base.
When the charge is moist, hot charge may fall down or even be splashed together
with slag from beneath the electrodes. This can occur owing to accumulation of
gases in the melting zone with a poor gas permeability of the charge.
The metal and slag are tapped successively from all the two tap holes. The slag
ratio in the smelting of Ferro-Alloys by a flux less process is within 1.0 – 1.2. The
slag is separated from metal during tapping by means of a skimmer arrangement.
Moulds are arranged in a cascade under the spout; a partition is placed into the
first mould, with its lower edge 60 – 70 mm below the pouring nose of the mould.
Slag is retained by the partition and flows over into the ladle while.
Disposal/ Metal
Construction/
Recycle
Metal Handling
Packing
Shipment
Ferro Manganese is produced from manganese ores, which have the principle
constituent of manganese mainly in the form of Oxides the balance usually being
iron, aluminium, magnesium oxides and silica. For making Ferro-manganese, coke
is used as a reductant and fluxes like limestone or dolomite are added to the
reaction mixture if the Calculation of the slag composition demands such additions.
Such reactions are carried out in submerged arc furnaces, which operate, as a rule,
by continuous process. The electrodes in these furnaces are immersed into the
solid charge. The furnace is recharged as the solid is being smelted and the alloy &
slag are periodically removed. Material balance for Ferro Manganese shown in
below Table: 2.7.
15 Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech Pvt. Ltd,
Hyderabad.
REFULGENT ALLOYS N STEEL LIMITED,
Sancham (Village), Ranastalam (Mandal), EIA REPORT
Srikakulam (District), Andhra Pradesh.
Furnace System
Product
40% 19% 2% 2%
Electrical Power
17%
Product
14%
Slag
metal and slag are tapped from the furnace every two hours. The thick slag at
tapping entrains much of metal beads, which has a negative effect on manganese
recovery. The slag can be made more fluid by adding raw dolomite. The metal and
slag are tapped through same tap hole in a similar way to Ferro-manganese.
Energy Destruction
7%
Slag
The blend of raw materials is charged to the furnace with low voltage & High
current is passes through the electrodes. Al the process are being controlled
through PLC system and closely monitored by the senior metallurgist in all the 3
shifts. As the process of Ferro alloys is continuous, the charge is fed at continuous
intervals trough hoppers and charging chutes into the furnace hearth whenever the
charge levels come down. Inside the furnace the basic ore is subjected to oxidation
at the high temperatures between 1500 to 1750°C and are reduced through the RP
coke. The fluxes are used to maintain the basicity in order to maintain required
temperature and fluidization of slag. The by-products gases are let out through the
highly sophisticated pollution control system and the fume dust is collected in to
filter bags. The molten Ferro alloys and the slag is tapped at regular intervals and
are casted as cakes in large cast iron casting pan. After proper solidification of
these cakes they are shifted to metal handling yard for crushing, sizing, lot
preparation, lot sampling, lot analysis, lot packing, lot sacking and allotting lot
number for proper identification to meet the market requirements of domestic as
well as overseas.
Energy Destruction
Furnace System
Product
80% 25% 2% 2%
Electrical Power
13%
Product
7%
Slag
The raw material viz., Manganese Ore, Coke, Coal, Quartz, Dolomite etc., will be
received by trucks and stacked separately in stockyard. The material will be
procured in required size range and quality and no further processing is required.
These raw materials are stored on concreted yards. Coke and coal are stored
under closed sheds, while the other raw materials are stored in open concreted
yards.
The raw materials shall be fed to a Ground Hopper of 20m3 capacities by dumper
and pay loader. The material will be transferred from ground hopper by a belt
conveyer or to a screen house, where the under size material are screened out and
the correct size material are then conveyed to storage bunkers. There will be 8
numbers of M. S. storage bunkers in the Bunker House, where different raw
materials are stored in each bunker. The bunkers will be fed with reversible
conveyors.
The raw materials will be mixed as per the material balance shall be weighed in 2
sets of weigh Hoppers (1 set for each of 4 nos of day bunkers). The weigh hoppers
shall be provided with suitable load cells to record the weight of each raw material
that form the recipe of the material mix. The material after weighing in the
required proportion are conveyed through a belt conveyor, monorail to the furnace
top where 9 numbers of charging Hoppers are provided right on top of the furnace
shell. The charging hoppers are connected with charging chutes and slides gates,
through which the material is fed into the furnace around the three electrodes, as
and when required. The slide gates are operated pneumatically for which a suitable
Air Compressor shall be provided. The entire weighing and feeding system is
controlled through an Automatic Bath Weighing System.
For smelting the raw material the submerged arc furnace of 4 x 9 MVA capacity will
be installed.
The furnace shell shall be lined with fire clay bricks followed by Silicon carbide
bricks and then carbon tamping paste. The furnace shell is externally water cooled
by spray nozzles.
A suitable Cooling Tower with necessary pipeline shall be installed to bring down
the temperature of circulation water and re-circulate the same.
The three electrodes are suspended and regulated with the help of a Hydraulic
System, consisting of 2 numbers of hydraulic cylinders for each of the three
electrodes, a suitable hydraulic power pack and hydraulic pipeline and hoses.
2.7.4 Hot Metal Handling
There are two numbers of tap holes provided in the furnace shell to take out the
metal and slag from the furnace at regular intervals of about every two hours. The
hot liquid metal and slag are collected into Cast Iron Moulds. The slag by virtue of
its lesser specific gravity floats on the metal and overflows into Cast Iron Slag pot
and the metal is retained in the CI moulds. The liquid slag is poured out into sand
beds for solidification and the metal is allowed to solidify in the CI moulds itself 1no
of 10 ton heavy duty EOT crane will be installed in the tapping bay to facilitate the
hot metal handling. After solidification the metal and slag are removed from the
moulds / sand beds and sent to breaking yard for sizing into customer-required
size. Even though the metal is separated out from the slag due to its density
difference, some amount of (about 2-5%) metal is always entrapped into the slag.
Hence the slag after solidification is sent to a Metal Recovery Plant where the slag
is crushed, screened and then subjected to water jigging to separate the entrapped
metal from slag. This metal is then sent to packing section and the slag is sent to
dump yard.
The plant will have a Central Control Room (CCR) and Local Control Rooms (LCR)
as required.
2.8.1 Utilities & Services
All electrical equipment would be provided with earth connection as per Indian
Electricity rules. All buildings would be provided with necessary lightning protection
arrangements. I strips/ flats and GI electrodes will be used for earthning and
lightning protection.
The Illumination level envisaged for different areas shall be as per industrial norms
to ensure comfort and safety. Flood lightning will be used for open storage areas,
Sodium vapor lamps with reflectors will be used for road lightning. Florescent
lamps with reflectors will be used for low bays of production area, office buildings,
strategic units and control rooms to ensure safety.
The Fire protection system for the proposed integrated plant shall be consisting of:
The components of the fire protection system will confine to BIS marked /TAC
approved type. The system shall be designed based on safety requirements and
generally conforming to Traffic Advisory Committee (TAC) regulations and National
Fire Protection Association of America.
The fire detection and alarm system shall be designed according to IS 2189
standards. The system shall consist of addressable type one loop fire alarm panel
located at the control room, addressable smoke detectors, addressable type heat
detectors, manual call points and electronic hooters.
Portable type fire extinguishers of DCP type shall be located in the TG building,
Control room, MCC rooms etc.
2.10 UTILITIES
2.10.1 Water Requirement
Ferro Alloys production process doesn’t require water at any stage. The water will
be required only for cooling purpose. The initial water requirement for the
proposed Ferro Alloy project is 160 KL, which will be sourced from Ground water.
Since 126 KL of cooling water is recirculated, requirement of water for makeup and
other purposes will be only 34 KLD.
M/s. Refulgent Alloys N Steel Limited (RANSL) has acquired about 11.42 acres of
land in Sancham Village, for the setting up the proposed Ferro Alloy Plant. 33% of
the total project site i.e. 3.88 acres is earmarked for green belt development. The
following table gives the land area breakup for the proposed project
The proposed Ferro alloy plant will require the manpower for production and
administration purposes and will be recruited locally without any difficulty. The
estimated total manpower is 140 including contract laborers’.
Direct Employment: Male: 25 Female: 03
Indirect Employment: Male: 100 Female: 12
The proposed Ferro alloy plant will require 132/33 KVA of Power it will be met from
APEPDCL sub-station.
DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT
REFULGENT ALLOYS N STEEL LIMITED,
Sancham (Village), Ranastalam (Mandal), EIA REPORT
Srikakulam (District), Andhra Pradesh.
3.1 SCOPE
To assess the existing baseline status of air, water, noise, land, biological
and socio-economic environments within the project site and around 10 km
radius of the study area
To identify and quantify significant impacts due to the proposed activity on
various environmental components through prediction of impacts.
To evaluate the beneficial and adverse impacts of the proposed activity.
To prepare an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) detailing control
technologies and measures to be adopted for mitigation of adverse impacts
if any, as a consequence of the proposed activity.
To prepare a Post Project Monitoring Programme for checking and regulating
the environmental quality of the project and help in sustainable development
of the area.
The various steps involved in Environmental Impact Assessment study are divided
into the following phases
The scenario of the existing ambient air quality in the study region has been
assessed through a network of 8 ambient air quality stations during the study
period within an area of 10 km radius around the project area. The monitoring
network was so designed such that representative samples are obtained form the
upwind direction, down wind and cross wind directions of the proposed project site.
These monitoring sites have been established keeping in view the available
climatologically norms of predominant wind direction and wind speed of this
particular region. The following points were also taken into consideration in
designing the network of sampling stations:
The existing Ambient Air Quality status (AAQ) has been monitored for PM2.5, PM10,
SO2, NOx and CO. PM2.5 & PM10 at each station has been monitored on 24 hourly
bases and all the gaseous sampling has been done on 24 hourly bases except CO,
which was monitored on 8 hourly bases.
Pre-calibrated respirable dust samplers have been used for monitoring of the
existing AAQ status. Methodologies adopted for sampling and analysis were, as per
the approved methods of Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). Maximum,
minimum, average and percentile values have been computed from the raw data
collected at all individual sampling stations to represent the ambient air quality
status of the study area.
Noise monitoring has been carried out at 8 locations to identify the impact due to
the existing sources on the surroundings in the study area. Noise levels were
recorded at an interval of 30 minutes during the day and night times to compute
the day equivalent, night equivalent and day-night equivalent level.
Eight groundwater samples and three surface water samples from various locations
around the project site within 10 km radius were collected for assessment of the
existing physico-chemical and bacteriological quality. Methodologies adopted for
sampling and analysis were according to the IS methods. Field parameters such as
pH, Temperature were monitored on site. The parameters thus analyzed were
compared with IS 10500. The activities surrounding the source during sampling
were taken into consideration in interpretation of the water quality of that
particular source.
Ground truth studies were conducted to identify the land use in and around 10 km
radius of the site. Representative soil samples were collected from- eight sampling
locations within an area of 10 km radius around the proposed project site for
analysis of the physico chemical characteristics to assess the cropping pattern,
microbial growth etc. standard procedures were followed for sampling and analysis.
The samples collected were also analyzed to check the suitability for growth of
native plant species in and around the project site.
Intensive survey of flora and fauna of the project site and its surroundings
extending up to a radius of 10 Km has been collected during February 2011 – April
2011. As for as the fauna is concerned, both primary and secondary data have
been collected from various government departments such as forest, agriculture,
fisheries and animal husbandry to clearly understand the status of fauna. Quadrant
method has been used for sampling of flora.
All the above environmental parameters have been used for identification,
evaluation and prediction of significant impacts.
Various technical aspects of the proposed project have been studied to identify the
significant impacts, which would arise from the proposed activity. The identified
impacts have been quantified through prediction of impacts to estimate the post
project scenario.
Identified impacts due to proposed project have been studied in detail to predict
the impacts on various environmental components. Predicted scenario has been
superimposed over the baseline (pre-project) status of environmental quality to
derive the ultimate (post-project) scenario of environmental conditions.
Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for this proposed project details the control
measures, which will be suitable for proposed expansion to maintain environmental
quality within the stipulated limits specified by State Pollution Control
Board/CPCB/MoEF.
Meteorology of the study area plays an important role in the air pollution studies.
The prevailing micro meteorological conditions at the proposed project site will
regulate the dispersion and dilution of air pollutants in the atmosphere. The
predominant wind directions and the wind speed will decide the direction and
distance of the most affected zone from the proposed activity. The meteorological
data collected during the monitoring period is very useful in interpretation of
baseline as input for dispersion models for predicting the Ground Level
Concentrations (GLC).
An auto weather monitoring station was installed during the months of February
2011 – April 2011 to record various meteorological parameters on hourly basis to
understand the wind pattern, Temperature variation, solar insulation and relative
humidity variation etc. Percentage frequencies of wind in 16 directions have been
computed from the recorded data of the study period to plot wind rose diagram.
Predominant Wind directions during this period were from the SW sector
accounting to about 55% of the total time. Wind speeds during this period were
varying between 0.5 to 5.5 m/s and average wind speed is 2.5 m/s. The wind of
less than 0.5 m/sec was treated as calm and calm conditions are nil.
a) Climatology
In the study area the maximum and minimum temperatures are 39.4 oC & 19.2 oC
and maximum and minimum relative humidity values are 72to 75 were recorded
during the study period.
NORTH
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
WEST EAST
WIND SPEED
(m/s)
>= 3.2
SOUTH
2.6 - 3.2
2.0 - 2.6
1.4 - 2.0
0.8 - 1.4
0.2 - 0.8
Calms: 11.19%
In order to identify the background air quality data and also to represent the
interference from various industrial and local activities, screening techniques have
been used for identification of air quality stations in the study areas. The following
points have been considered for the selection of air quality monitoring stations.
The site is located at an elevation of about 28 m above mean sea level (MSL).
There are no sensitive areas with the study area.
Based on the above, the AAQ stations have been identified and locations of
ambient air quality stations are presented inTable3.2.
Ambient air quality of the study area has been assessed through a network of 8
ambient air quality locations. These stations are designed keeping in view of the
climatological conditions of the study region.
shows the location of ambient air quality monitoring stations in the study area.
Pre-calibrated R.D. Samplers and High Volume Samplers have been used for
monitoring the existing AAQ status. Maximum, Minimum, Average and Percentile
values have been computed from the raw data collected at all individual sampling
stations to represent the Ambient Air Quality Status.
The Ambient Air Quality studies were carried out during February 2011 – April
2011. The parameters analysed are PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NOx & CO. The data thus
obtained is considered for preparing this report.
Table 3.3 gives the standard procedures adapted for sampling and testing. The
procedures are in compliance with CPCB & MoEF.
Given in Table 3.4 and Percentile values of ambient air quality is enclosed in
Annexure - A.
A) PM2.5
PM2.5 monitored in the study area showed minimum value of 10.1 µg/m3 and
maximum value of 30.6µg/m3. Highest value of 26.6 µg/m3 was recorded at
Pidibheemavaram.
B) PM10
PM10 monitored in the study area showed minimum value of 19.9 µg/m3 and
maximum value of 44.5/m3. Highest value of 44.5 µg/m3 was recorded at
Pidibheemavaram.
C) SO2
SO2 monitored in the study area showed minimum value of 4.0 µg/m3 and
maximum value of 8.5 µg/m3. Maximum value of sulpurdioxide of 8.5 µg/m3
observed at Pidibheemavaram.
D) NOx
Ambient air quality status monitored for nitrogen oxides in the study area were in
the range with minimum value recorded as 8.0 µg/m3 and maximum value of 12.3
µg/m3. Maximum NOx value of 12.3 µg/m3 was observed at Pidibheemavaram
sampling station.
E) CO
10Log1/ TΣ (10Ln/10)
Where L = sound pressure level a function of time dB (A) & T = Time interval of
observations
Noise levels during the night time generally drop, therefore to compute Equivalent
noise levels for the night time, noise levels are increased by 10 dB (A) as the night
time high noise levels are judged more annoying compared to the day time.
Noise levels at a particular station are represented as Day- Night equivalent (Ldn).
Day-Night equivalent is the single number index designed to rate environmental
noise on daily /24 hourly basis. Mathematically Ldn is given by
Noise levels were measured near highways, residential areas and other settlements
located within 10 km radius in and around the project site.
In order to know the baseline noise levels, in and around the proposed project site,
Noise levels were measured at the project site and also at 7 villages in the study
area. The day equivalent noise levels were found to be relative high due to local
activities in the villages. Noise levels recorded in the nighttime were found to be
less.
In order to assess the noise levels in the study area, monitoring was carried out at
8 different locations within 10 km radius of the study area. Noise levels were
recorded at each station with a time interval of one minute for about 30 minutes in
each hour and were computed for equivalent noise levels for day-equivalent, night-
equivalent & day-night equivalent. Details of noise monitoring stations are
presented in Table 3.5.
The noise recording stations are shown in Figure 3.3 and the summary of the
minimum, maximum, day - equivalent, night - equivalent and day-night equivalent
values computed for various locations in the study area is presented in Table 3.6.
It is observed that the noise values obtained were within the prescribed Ambient
Air Quality Standards with respect to Noise.
Assessment of water quality in the study area has been carried out as per the
Indian standard IS 10500 (drinking water standard). The locations of water
sampling are shown in Error! Reference source not found..
10 water samples from various locations in and around the project site within 10
km radius were collected for assessment of the physico-chemical and
bacteriological quality. Methodologies adopted for sampling and analysis were
according to the IS methods. Field parameters such as pH, Temperature, Taste and
Odour were monitored on site. The parameters thus analysed were compared with
IS 10500. Details of water sampling locations are presented in Table 3.7.
G2 Giriviaripallem 2.4 N
G3 Sancham 1.5 E
G4 Pidibheemavaram 3.1 SE
G5 Kanimella 2.3 S
G6 Malyada 3.2 SW
Annexure - B represents the water quality data at the above locations. The
summary of the same is given below
PH of the surface water samples collected was in the range between 7.74 –
7.84.
Total dissolved solids in the samples were in the range between 168-222
mg/l.
Total hardness was found to vary between 56-80 mg/l.
Chlorides concentration was found to vary between 35.5-77.9 mg/l.
Fluoride concentration was found to vary between 0.1 - 0.2 mg/l.
Sulphates concentration was found to vary between 18.9 – 19.9 mg/l.
Heavy metal concentrations in all the samples were found to be well within
the limits.
The study area is covered with red loamy soils. Representative soil samples were
collected from 8 sampling locations within an area of 10 km radius around the
proposed project for analysis of the physico-chemical characteristics of the soil
quality. Fig 3.5 shows the location of soil sampling stations and Table 3.8 presents
the soil quality monitoring locations of the study area.
The following are the highlights of soil quality in the study area are as follows
The traffic study has been conducted to know the existing traffic and assess the
impact of increase in traffic due to the proposed plant. This study would help to
assess the adequacy of the existing roads for the increased traffic. The traffic study
was conducted at two locations.
3.9.1 Methodology
The vehicles travels in both the directions were counted continuously for 24 hours
at all the above mentioned locations. The vehicles were counted every hour and
recorded under respective category.
The vehicles were categorized under various categories like trucks, buses, light
commercial vehicles (LCV), cars and 2 and 3-wheelers. The categorization of the
vehicles is necessary because the speed and the emission factors vary with type of
the vehicle.
The total number of daily traffic counts for the two locations is presented in
Table 3.10. Details of the traffic survey is given in Annexure D.
An ecological survey of the study area was conducted particularly with reference to
recording the existing biological resources. Secondary data was collected from
forest department.
3.10.1 Flora
The general vegetation along road and agricultural lands is primarily due to
plantation of both exotic and native species of trees having commercial
importance. Some of the commonly encountered species along the road side are
Azadirachta indica, eucalyptus, Acacia auriculiformis and Prosohis juliflora.
3.10.2 Fauna
Domesticated animals of the area include Cattle, Buffaloes, Goats, Cats, Dogs etc.
Cows and Ducks are also common. No endangered faunal species are found in the
proposed project area.
The total population of study area is 93,623 with a sex ratio of 1000 : 962
(962 females for 1000 males).
Number of households in the study area are 20,547 with 4 - 5 persons per
house hold.
SC & ST percentage in the study area is 12.1% & 2.03% of the total
population.
Total literates in the study area are 45.0% which is very low with 27.8% of
male literates and 17.2% of female literates.
Total working population in the study area are 52.1%. of this main workers
are 35.3% and marginal workers are 16.8%.
Main occupation of the people in the study area is agriculture and other
works. Study area consists of 29.1% of cultivators, 47.6% agricultural
labours, 3.4% Household industry workers and 19.9% other workers.
Main sources of water supply are wells, hand pumps, ponds/cheruvus and
taps in few villages.
3.12.1 Introduction
Information on the rate and kind of change in the use of land resources is essential
to the proper planning, management and regulation of the use of such resources.
Knowledge about the existing land use and trends of change is essential if the
nation is to tackle the problems associated with the haphazard and uncontrolled
growth. A systematic framework is needed for updating the land use and land
cover maps that will be timely, relatively inexpensive and appropriate for different
needs at both national and state levels. The rapidly developing technology of
remote sensing offers an efficient and timely approach to the mapping and
collection of basic land use and land cover data over large area. The satellite
imageries are potentially more amenable to digital processing because the remote
sensor output can be obtained in digital format. Land use data are needed in the
analysis of environmental processes and problems that must be understood if living
conditions and standards are to be improved from or maintained at current levels.
Land Use (LU) refers to man’s activities and various uses, which are carried on
land. Land Cover (LC) refers to natural vegetation, water bodies, rock/soil, artificial
cover and others resulting due to land transformation. Although land use is
generally inferred based on the cover, yet both the terms land use and land cover
are closely related and interchangeable.
The site is located near Sancham village, Ranasthalam Mandal, Srikakulam District,
Andhra Pradesh State. It is required to carry out the land use / land cover study for
the project study area (10 km radius) to obtain the necessary environmental
clearances from statutory authorities. The objective of the study is to carryout land
use / land cover study for the proposed project. The LU/LC study is carried out
using the Satellite Imageries (IRS P6 LISS IV MX) in addition to Survey of India
toposheets. Appropriate guidelines are followed while preparing the LU/LC map for
the project study area.
The project site is located near Sancham village, Ranasthalam Mandal, Srikakulam
District, Andhra Pradesh State. The project site covers an extent of 314 Q2
kilometers.
Remote sensing and GIS are the modern techniques of terrain analysis and
information generation. They not only ensure faster and easier analysis /
interpretation but also help to modify / manipulate the data at will so as to meet
the objective of the study.
scale. With the use of high-altitude sensor platform, it is now possible to record
extensive areas on a single image, which covers a maximum of 34,000 sq. km
(185x185km) and minimum of 3600-sq.km area. Thus one can have a synoptic
view over large area and also an integrated picture of the landscape. By using the
satellite imagery it is possible to conduct surveys in areas, which are difficult to
access. Some of the advantages of utilizing remote sensing techniques are given
below:
3.12.6 GIS
Geographic Information System (GIS) is a powerful set of tool, which can perform
correlation. GIS is a system for manipulating and analyzing spatial data to provide
information to support planning and decision-making. GIS can also be defined as
“decision support system involving the integration of spatially referenced data in a
problem solving environment’ (Cowen, 1988). It comprises facilities for the input,
management, retrieval, manipulation, analysis and display of spatial data. Its
functions can be grouped as data acquisition, data utilization, data management,
output and display.
The present study uses the data based on the source of acquisition of data. The
data products, based on availability, are classified into four types namely,
topographical data, thematic data, field data and collateral data. The details of
these four types of data products are discussed below.
A heightened awareness of water resources problems has developed over the past
several decades and this has spurred a need for reliable geospatial data to enable
better understanding of water related problems and their impacts on environment.
Also undergone changes and these have created new requirements for geospatial
data. In view of critical role, digital data plays an important role in any kind of
spatial modeling and analysis. Emphasis is given to new information gathering
initiations for remotely sensed data and to advancements in integrating data from
different sources with GIS. The availability of appropriate and adequate crop yield
data, and other related data derived from collateral data and other field survey are
important concerns.
In the present study, four different sources are used to collect the required data
products. The four sources are remote sensing satellite systems, survey of India
toposheets, related government and private agencies for existing data products
and field surveys for collection of primary data products. In transforming this raw
data to data compatible to GIS, care is taken for appropriate level of data precision
and accuracy. The data types, important features and corresponding data sources
used in the present study are listed below.
Various maps and data referred for carrying out land cover and land use analysis in
the project area are detailed in Table 3.12 and Table- 3.13.
3.12.7.3 METHODOLOGY
The overall methodology adopted and followed to achieve the objectives of the
present study involves the following steps:
Collection of source data like satellite data of two seasons, SOI toposheets.
These are the main inputs for the preparation of thematic layers.
Creating a GIS spatial database is a complex operation, and is heart of the entire
work; it involves data capture, verification and structuring processes. Because raw
geographical data are available in many different analogue and digital forms such
as toposheets, aerial photographs, satellite imageries and tables. Out of all these
sources, the source of toposheets is of much concern to natural resource scientist
and an environmentalist. In the present study, the thematic maps generated from
toposheets are, base map, drainage map and Road network map. These paper
based maps are then converted to digital mode using scanning and automated
digitization process. These maps are prepared to a certain scale and show the
The step-by-step procedure for preparing the spatial data derived from remote
sensing satellite data for the entire study area is discussed as below:
The following standard techniques have been adopted for georeferencing of LISS IV
data covering the study area. ERDAS image processing software has been used for
this work. 1:50,000 scale toposheets are scanned and raster file for study area is
created. These are geo-referenced based on the longitudinal & latitudinal co-
ordinates. After geo-referencing all the maps are edge-matched and a digital
mosaic is prepared which depicts the continuity of the study area. The LISS IV MX
data obtained from National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC) is processed for initial
corrections like drop outs, stripping and earth rotations etc. Sufficient numbers of
well distributed ground control points are selected both on the maps and
corresponding imagery. Care is taken to satisfy the condition on density of GCPs
for image registration. Georeferencing is carried out using ERDAS image processing
software. The geo-referenced image is further mosaicked and then feature
matching is carried out. At the end of this process the digital data which is free
from all distortions is available for digital image enhancement, classification for
land use/land cover map preparation with the help of visual image analysis
techniques.
Image enhancement deals with the individual values of the pixels in the image. The
goal of spectral enhancement is to make certain features more visible in an image
by bringing out more contrast. Initial display of LISS IV data through ERDAS
software revealed that the features like minor roads and streams are not clear /
visible as the contrast of the imageries very dull because of the raw data values fall
within a narrow range. Therefore, an attempt is made to apply linear contrast
stretch technique in order to improve the contrast of the image, which can be
capable of expanding the dynamic range of radiometric resolution of LISS IV MX
digital data. To perform this technique, Look up Tables (LUT) is created that
convert the range of data values to the maximum range of the display device.
Based on these LUT’s an enhanced image is produced.
The thematic maps namely, land use/land cover Geomorphology and Ground water
potential maps are generated from satellite digital hardcopy. The standard basic
elements and key elements for visual interpretation are applied on this satellite
hardcopy digital image so as to extract the entropy or information extent in
accordance with the above thematic maps. At the end of the interpretation process
the above thematic maps in the form of paper based maps are ready for
subsequent scanning and automated digitization and then created a digital
database for GIS data analysis and modeling.
Based on the design, the steps of database creation are worked out and a
procedure lay down. The procedure for the spatial database creation adopted in
general for preparation of all themes is described below:
Creating Spatial Frame work: The spatial framework of the GIS database can be
organized in the GIS by specifying the registration GCP points for the total
database and specifying the coordinate system of the database. Registration points
for the total area are entered through key -board.
Thematic Map Manuscript Preparation: Based on the spatial domain, the different
themes oriented information is transferred from the base map to a transparent
sheet. Spatial data manuscripts are consisting features that are to be digitized. And
the instructions like, registration point locations and identifiers, features codes as
per the defined codes, feature boundaries, tolerance specifications and other
relevant digitization / scanning instructions to be followed.
Digitization of Features: The features of the spatial data set are then digitized /
scanned using the GIS package. The digitization / scanning is done for each map
sheet of the spatial reference. The master registration reference points are used
for the digitization. Each theme prepared, digitization is done as a component into
a copy of the master template layer.
Coverage Editing: The digitized coverage is processed for digitization errors such
as dangles, constituting the overshoots or undershoots and labels for polygons.
And finally the coverage is processed for topology creation using GIS in Arc / Info
workstation.
Attribute Coding Verification: The attribute codes for the different categories need
to be then verified and additional attributes – feature name, description etc. are
added into the feature database. After these operations the thematic coverage are
ready for GIS analysis.
The spatial databases from toposheets of Survey of India (SOI) relevant for this
study are
Base map
Drainage map
Road network map
In the study area all the settlements are connected either by metalled road or un-
metalled road. Whereas, within study area connects Sancham, Devunipalavalasa,
Boddapeta, Vallabharayunipeta and Konuru etc Mandal head quarters to each and
every village, ultimately it connects with all villages. Railway network does not
exist in the study area. The nearest railway station is Vallabharayunipeta road,
which is at a distance of 17 Kms west of Vallabharayunipeta town. Road network
map showing Figure 3.8.
Most of the streams flow east to west in the study area and some north to south in
the southern portion. Rivers, canals, reservoirs and lakes do not exist in the study
area. Only one higher order stream exists and it flows through the revenue village
limits. The drainage system existing is dendritic. Tank bunds are also marked in
the map. All the water bodies are divided into dry and wet areas. These wet (water
spread) areas changes from time to time and some new tanks are found in the
satellite images. For this reason, the drainage map is updated from the satellite
images. Drainage map showing Figure 3.9.
Before satellite images can provide meaningful measurements to user, the raw,
unbiased reflectance values received by the satellite sensors require considerable
mathematical processing. Manipulations are required both to register the grid of
pixels to specific locations on the Earth’s surface and to transform the data into
useful information. Understanding the various algorithms operating on the raw
data is usually beyond the ability of non specialists, and the resulting spatial data
must be accepted on faith. Frequently the result of this manipulation is classified
data in which pixel values indicate classes of an attribute (e.g., nominal data such
as vegetation type or land use classes) rather than interval or ratio data
classification algorithms and techniques are among the most highly disputed in the
discipline (Estes, 1995). Methods for statistically estimating the error resulting
from the classification of satellite images have been developed and do provide
some quality assurance (Burrough, 1998).
collected, corrections and modifications of miss classified land use / land cover
details and doubtful areas are carried out on enhanced imageries for final land
use/land cover classification. The final land use/land cover classes are separated by
assigning standard colors with respect to each one of the land use/land cover
classes. The study area satellite images are shown in Figure 3.210.
LEGEND
PROJECT SITE
Based on the physical characteristics of the study area, their sources, method of
derivation of maps (IMSD Technical Guidelines, NRSA, 1995), suitability and
environmental sensitivity, the following maps are generated.
Land use/ Land cover map of the study area is integrated with village map and
analyzed with the help of GIS to get the village wise findings of the present land
use of the study area, which is given elaborately in the following tables:
Land use refers to man’s activities and various uses, which are carried on land.
Land cover refers to natural vegetation, water bodies, rock/soil, artificial cover and
others resulting due to land transformation. Although land use is generally inferred
based on the cover, yet both the terms land use and land cover are closely related
and interchangeable. Information on the rate and kind of change in the use of land
resources is essential to the proper planning, management and regulation of the
use of such resources.
Knowledge about the existing land use and trends of change is essential if the
nation is to tackle the problems associated with the haphazard and uncontrolled
growth. A systematic framework is needed for updating the land use and land
cover maps that will be timely, relatively inexpensive and appropriate for different
needs at national and state level. The rapidly developing technology of remote
sensing offers an efficient and timely approach to the mapping and collection of
basic land use and land cover data over large area. The satellite imageries are
potentially more amenable to digital processing because the remote sensor output
can be obtained in digital format. Land use data are needed in the analysis of
environmental processes and problems that must be understood if living conditions
and standards are to be improved or maintained at current levels.
Clawson has given nine major ideas or concepts about land. These are:
Location or the relation of a specific parcel of land to the poles, the equator,
and the major oceans and landmasses. There is also relationship between
various tracts of land, as well as a political location.
Activity on the land, for what purpose this piece of land or tract is used.
Natural qualities of land, including its surface and subsurface characteristics
and its vegetative cover.
Improvements to and on the land. This is closely related to the activity.
Intensity of land use or amount of activity per unit area.
Land tenure, i.e. who owns the land, which uses it.
Land prices, land market activity and credit as applied to land.
Interrelations between activities on the land and other economic and social
activities.
Interrelations in the use between different tracts of land.
The USGS devised a land use and land cover classification system for use with
remote sensing data in the mid-1970. The basic concepts and structure of this
system are still valid today. The USGS classification system was devised according
to the following criteria:
USGS specified the classification, which is principally of interest to users who desire
information on a nationwide, interstate, or statewide basis. Levels III and IV can
be utilized to provide information at a resolution appropriate for regional or local
planning and management activities.
The land use map will be utilized as a basic database, which provides the
information for allocating new land use practices.
It will incorporate demographic, economic and environmental impact, which
has occurred in an area.
Not only will the information indicate where intensive development has
already taken place and where there is open land suitable for future
expansion, but it will also make it possible to determine special areas, such
as prime agricultural lands.
Land use/ land cover map will serve as a basis for monitoring land use
change.
The land use map will serve as a base in the integrated overall planning of
agricultural and industrial development of the region.
Land use refers to man’s activities and various uses, which are carried on land.
Land cover refers to natural vegetation, water bodies, rock/soil, artificial cover and
others resulting due to land transformation. Although land use is generally inferred
based on the cover, yet both the terms land use and land cover are closely related
and interchangeable. Information on the rate and kind of change in the use of land
resources is essential to the proper planning, management and regulation of the
use of such resources. Knowledge about the existing land use and trends of
change is essential if the nation is to tackle the problems associated with the
haphazard and uncontrolled growth. A systematic framework is needed for
updating the land use and land cover maps that will be timely, relatively
inexpensive and appropriate for different needs at national and state level. The
rapidly developing technology of remote sensing offers an efficient and timely
approach to the mapping and collection of basic land use and land cover data over
large area. The satellite imageries are potentially more amenable to digital
processing because the remote sensor output can be obtained in digital format.
Land use data are needed in the analysis of environmental processes and problems
that must be understood if living conditions and standards are to be improved or
maintained at current levels.
Table 3.13: SHOWING THE USGS LAND USE / LAND COVER CLASSIFICATION
SYSTEM
S.No. Level I Level II
11 Residential
12 Commercial and service
13 Industrial
Urban or
1. 14 Transportation, communications and utilities
built-up land
15 Industrial and commercial complexes
16 Mixed urban or built-up land
17 Other urban or built-up land
21 Cropland and pasture
Agricultural 22 Orchards, groves, vineyards, nurseries and
2.
land ornamental horticultural areas
23 Other agricultural land
31 Herbaceous rangeland
3. Rangeland 32 Shrub and brush rangeland
33 Mixed rangeland
Land is the most important natural endowment on which all the man’s activities are
based. The interaction between man and land (Soil), vegetation, water and other
resources culminates in the development of land use. A sequential development of
land use with time results in different land utilization patterns and trends. Growing
population and increased human activities are exerting pressure on limited land
resources. This is evident by the decrease in per-capita available cultivable land
from 0.48 ha. In 1951 to 0.22 ha. In 1991 the unprecedented demand on land for
agriculture, urban and industrial, mining besides for forests and pastures (apart
from land degradation and erosion) calls for an optimum utilization of land. This
requires timely and up to date information about the spatial distribution, location,
extent, type of different land use and its spatial pattern of changes over a period of
time for scientific land use planning and management.
Ever since the remotely sensed data are available (Since the launch of ERTS-1 in
1972), the mapping of land use/land cover has gained importance. Earlier to this,
the land use details have been collected by village officers and the surveys lacked.
The spatial representation, reliability are time consuming. By the time the detail
are compiled and reaches the planner, the data become obsolete. Remotely sensed
data, due to its synoptic, unbiased, repetitive coverage provides reliable
information on spatial distribution of land use. Further, this is the only source for
the inaccessible areas. Organization like Central Arid Zone Research Institute
(CAZRI) in Jodhpur, National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC) in Hyderabad, Space
Application Center (SAC) in Ahmadabad, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land
Use Planning (NBSS&LUP) in Nagpur, All India Soil and Land Use Survey (AIS&LUS)
in New Delhi and other state remote sensing centers have been engaged in land
use mapping using remotely sensed data. NRSC has carried out land use surveys
in some parts of the country using MSS, TM Pavam Terra and recently SPOT and
IRS data. Wasteland mapping of the entire country on 1:1 M scale was completed
using 1980-82 MSS false Color composites based on which around 53.3 million ha,
(16.2%) of the total geographical area of the country was categorized as
wastelands under eight different categories. Presently land use/land cover mapping
of all the states and union territories is being carried out on 1:250,000 scale, based
on IRS P6, LISS-IV image on 1:50,000 scale, besides other collateral data as
available in the form of maps, charts, census records, reports, and Survey of India
topographical maps.
Some of the characteristics of remote sensing which are related to land use may be
inferred from the criteria given by Anderson. These important characteristics are:
The interpretation from one interpreter to another will vary greatly for certain
types of interpretation where insufficient guidelines or poorly constructed and
defined classes are used. Terrain appearance and the size of similar features
change from place to place and the level of available detail may therefore change
for similar imagery scales. Terrain appearance varies from season to season. Land
use cannot be read directly from imagery. What can be obtained from the imagery
is dependent on scale. Land cover must be used to infer land use.
Remote sensing techniques provide reliable, accurate baseline information for land
use mapping. Generalized delineation of land use classification for large area and
spatial distribution of land use categories is possible by satellite imagery as it
provides synoptic view. Satellite Remote sensing techniques are helpful to study
changes at regular intervals. Rapid small scale land use mapping for state and
national series on 1:1,000,000 and 1:250,000 is possible by satellite remote
sensing techniques. Satellite remote sensing provides data in different bands of the
electromagnetic spectrum. Also we can have the coverage of the same area on
different dates. We can combine data in different bands to produce a color
composite. Land use mapping both by visual interpretation and computer aided
interpretation is possible by satellite remote sensing technique.
Flowchart showing the methodology adopted for land use/land cover mapping is
given in Figure 3.10 for analysis and interpretation two types of data are needed:
IRS–LISS-MX
Preparation
of base map
Using the standard land use classification system proposed by NRSC (about five
classes of level I, twelve of level II and four of level III) land use / land cover
classes were identified and mapped using satellite data in the present study. The
imagery is interpreted and ground checked for appropriate corrections.
The land use / land cover area break up for the proposed site is given in Table 1.5
Built –up land occupies about 7.85 sq .km, Water bodies occupy around 35. 796
sq. km., crop land around 200.332 sq. km, forest land around 18.526 sq. Km and
wastelands occupy around 50.24 Sq. km. Most of the land is under crop land /
waste land. There are no sanctuaries within the study area. The land use / land
cover map of study area has showing in Figure 3.12.
Figure 3.12: SHOWING LAND USE / LAND COVER MAP OF THE STUDY AREA
TABLE 3.14: LAND USE / LAND COVER STATISTICS OF THE STUDY AREA
S. No. LANDUSE AREA (Sq. km) %
1 BUILT UP LAND
2. WATERBODIES
Geomorphology map is used for the preparation of ground water prospects map.
Ground water prospects of an area depend mainly on Lithology unit (rock type)
occurring at that area. However, within each Lithology unit, the ground water
conditions vary significantly depending upon the geomorphology, structure,
slope, soil thickness, depth and nature of weathered material, presence of
fractures / lineaments, surface water bodies, canals, irrigated areas, etc. All
the parameters of the study area are studied and integrated to arrive at the
ground water prospects. Ground water potential map showing in Figure 3.14.
ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL
IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES
REFULGENT ALLOYS N STEEL LIMITED,
Sancham (Village), Ranastalam (Mandal), EIA REPORT
Srikakulam (District), Andhra Pradesh.
An attempt has been made to predict the incremental rise of various ground level
concentrations above the baseline status in respect of air pollution. The mathematical
models used for predictions in the present study is an EPA approved ISCST3 model
which is used on steady state Gaussian Plume Dispersion Model designed for point
sources and area sources for air quality. The predicted ground level concentrations
computed using EPA approved ISCST3 model and plotted as isopleths concentrations.
In case of water, land, biological and socio-economic environment, the predictions have
been made based on available scientific literature and secondary sources of
information.
In the earlier chapters, various process and pollution sources were identified. In this
chapter, an attempt has been made to predict the incremental rise of various ground
level concentrations above the baseline status due to the emissions from the proposed
project.
M/s RANSL proposes to install 4 x 9 MVA submerged electric arc furnace for
manufacturing the Ferro Manganese, Silico manganese and Ferro Silicon. For
estimation of impacts the proposed furnaces, which will be under implementation, were
considered.
The present baseline concentrations were monitored in the EIA study. The additional
emissions are mainly from 4 x 9 MVA submerged electric arc furnace.
The proposed project activity will result in air emissions from the following areas.
The proposed furnaces are being electrically operated, no fuel will be used. Hence no
major emissions are envisaged.The emissions from submerged arc furnace include
suspended particulate matter, oxides of sulphur, oxides of nitrogen, and CO2.
The nature of emissions from the above units is detailed below in table 4.1.
Fugitive dust emissions confine to area of emission source and its spread to further
areas is limited. Hence the impact of the fugitive dust is confined to the maximum of
50 m around the source at a lower height of 5 – 10 m. M/s Refulgent Alloys N Steel
Ltd (RANSL) will incorporate the various pollution control systems in the fugitive dust
prone areas while designing of the plant.
The major air emissions from the proposed project, which will have the impact on the
surrounding is mainly from the Submerged Arc Furnace section where the dust is
release through flue gases to the atmosphere.
M/s Refulgent Alloys N Steel Ltd (RANSL) will provide one tall stacks for the proposed
furnace to exhaust the flue gas emissions. The major pollutants emitted from the unit
are particulate matter, sulphur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen. The hot gases released
from the furnace are of high temperature. M/s RANSL proposes to install Gas Cleaning
Plant for controlling dust emission. The hot gas emitted from the furnace is conditioned
by using radiant coolers to reduce the temperature before entering the GCP.
The flue gases with a temperature of about 120o C will be dedusted in the Bag filter
designed for an outlet concentration of less than 50mg/Nm3. however for estimation of
the worst case scenario, out let concentration of 115 mg/Nm3 has been considered. The
details of emission considered for estimation of impacts are given below in Table 4.2.
M/s Refulgent Alloys N Steel Ltd (RANSL) proposes to install four stacks for the
proposed 4 x 9 MVA Submerged Electrical Arc Furnace.
The stack height has been estimated based on CPCB formula considering Particulate
Matter (PM) emission rate of 0.00027 tones/hr for the proposed furnace, which is
based on worst-case scenario of outlet concentration of 50mg/Nm3 has been
considered. The following formula, recommended by Central Pollution Control Board
has been used to compute the stack height.
0.27
H = 74 (Qs)
H = Theoretical height of proposed stack in m
Qs = Emission rate of SPM tones/hr
Based on the above formula, the required stack height is estimated to be 8.04 m to
exhaust the emissions from the proposed arc furnace.
The stack height has been estimated based on CPCB formula considering Sulphur
Dioxide SO2 emission rate of 6.92 kg/hr for the proposed furnace. The following
formula, recommended by Central Pollution Control Board has been used to compute
the stack height.
0.3
H = 14 (Qs)
H = Theoretical height of proposed stack in m
Qs = Emission rate of SO2 kg/hr
M/s Refulgent Alloys N Steel Ltd (RANSL) proposes to install four stacks of 30 m height
each for effective dispersion of flue gas emissions, which will be generated from the
proposed 4 x 9 MVA submerged electric Arc Furnace.
The meteorological data recorded continuously during the months of February 2011 –
April 2011 on hourly basis on wind speed, wind direction and temperature has been
processed to extract the 24 – hourly mean meteorological data as per the guidelines of
IMD and MoEF for application of ISCST3 model. Stability classes computed for the
mean hours are based on guidelines issued by CPCB on modeling. Mixing heights
representative of the region have been taken from the available published literature.
The meteorological data input considered as per the IMD guidelines is enclosed as
Annexure – E.
Prediction of cumulative ground level concentration due to emissions from the proposed
project has been computed using EPA approved ISCST3 model.
ISCST3 Model with the following options has been employed to predict the ground level
concentration due to emissions from the proposed project in the Ferro alloy plant.
Since the baseline concentrations monitored in the REIA study. The additional
emissions from the proposed furnaces have been considered for prediction of impacts.
Ground level concentrations of PM10, SO2 and NOx were estimated using the mean
meteorological data to project the incremental increase of concentration above baseline
concentrations due to emission from the proposed project. The following table shows
the summary of the same.
Figure 4.1 – 4.3 represents the spatial distribution of the predicted ground level
concentrations of Particulate Matter, SO2, and NOx due to emissions from the proposed
project.
µg/m3
µg/m3
µg/m3
The Overall Scenario with predicted concentrations over the maximum baseline
concentrations is shown below:
It may be observed that based on the predicted concentrations it can be inferred that
area is unlikely to be significantly affected due to the proposed project.
During operational phase after the proposed project the major noise generating
sources are plant machinery and generator. These sources will be located far off from
each other. Under any circumstances the noise level from each of these sources will not
exceed 75 dB (A).
The present noise levels monitored at proposed plant are in the range of 53.5 – 62.5
dB (A) (Lp total)
Prediction of anticipated noise levels have been computed using point source model. A
basic phenomenon of the model is the geometric attenuation of sound. Nose at a point
generates spherical waves which are propagated outward from the source though the
air at a speed of 1,100 ft/sec, with the first wave making an ever increasing sphere
with time. As the wave spreads the intensity of noise diminishes as the fixed amount of
energy is spread over an increasing surface area of the sphere.
The assumption of the model is based on point source relationship i.e. for every
doubling of the distance the noise levels are decreased by 6 dB (A). Point source
propagation is defined by the following equation:
Where Lp1 and Lp2 are sound pressure levels at points located at distances r1 and r2,
respectively, from the source.
Noise level at the plant boundary, calculated from the above equation, is expected to
be less than 60 db (A). Predictions carried out are on as is basis without taking into
consideration any attenuation factors. Additional attenuation is expected, due to
atmospheric effect or its interaction with objects in the transmission path.
Noise levels generated during this proposed project is confined within the plant and is
further reduced due to attenuation of greenbelt. Noise level at the plant boundary,
calculated from the above equation, is expected to be less than 60 dB (A) without
considering any attenuation factors. M/s Refulgent Alloys N Steel Ltd (RANSL) will
develop the greenbelt in an area of 3.88 acres within the premises. Boundary
plantation developed will be act as a barrier and further reduce the noise levels.
The makeup water requirement of the proposed plant is 160 KLD. The water will be
mainly used for furnace cooling purpose and domestic purpose only. Cooling water will
be continuously recirculated in the cooling circuit and domestic effluent is sent to septic
tank followed by soak pit.
Raw water drawn from the bore well will be treated in the softener for removal of
hardness. The soft water is supplied for cooling water in electrical Arc Furnace. The
water for other areas i.e. for greenbelt and domestic use is supplied directly.
As the proposed project is Ferro Alloy Plant. There is no industrial waste water shall be
generated but only domestic waste water 3.0 KLD shall be generated which will be sent
to septic tank followed by soak pit
Rain water harvesting shall be carried out to recharge ground water which can improve
water environment of the area. So no adverse impact of proposed activities, on water
quality is envisaged.
M/s Refulgent Alloys N Steel Ltd (RANSL) has acquired 11.42 acres of land for this
proposed project.
No hazardous waste shall be generated from the proposed project. Other solid waste
generated from the proposed project activities shall be properly disposed as
environmental friendly so there will be no significant impact on land environment.
The main solid wastes generated from the proposed plant are Slag and Dust. 362.45
TPD of slag (228.95 TPD of Ferro Manganese slag, 125.24 TPD of Silico Manganese slag
and 8.26 TPD of Ferro Silica slag) will be generated from the proposed plant. As the
Ferro Manganese slag will be reused in Silico Manganese manufacturing process, only
Silico Manganese Slag and Ferro Silica slag of 133.50TPD will be considered as solid
waste. This slag will be sent to brick and cement manufacturing units & also used in
filling Low Lying areas, Construction activities.
Bag filter Dust of 37.13 TPD will be disposed to brick manufacturing units, and cement
manufacturing units, where this dust will be used as a substitute for cement.
Socio Economic status in the study area is found to be moderate with respect to
livelihood, amenities etc. The management of the proposed project will create direct
and indirect employment to about 150 persons.
ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES
REFULGENT ALLOYS N STEEL LIMITED,
Sancham (Village), Ranastalam (Mandal), EIA REPORT
Srikakulam (District), Andhra Pradesh.
Submerged Electrical Arc Furnace to produce Ferro Alloys is a well proven technology
employed all over the world and no technological failures have been reported so far.
The proposed Ferro Alloys project of M/s Refulgent Alloys N Steel Ltd (RANSL) will be
located at Sancham (Village), Ranastalam (Mandal), Srikakulam (District), Andhra
Pradesh. For this the project proponent already acquired 11.42Acres of land.
As the proposed plant site is in accordance with MoEF guidelines, no alternative sites
have been analysed.
ENVIRONMENTAL
MONITORING PROGRAM
REFULGENT ALLOYS N STEEL LIMITED,
Sancham (Village), Ranastalam (Mandal), EIA REPORT
Srikakulam (District), Andhra Pradesh.
The proposed Ferro Alloy will implement requirements of the State and Central
Pollution Control Boards by regularly monitoring ambient air quality stack emission,
water and wastewater quality.
6.1.1 Meteorology
To determine the extent to which the proposed Ferro Alloy contributes to pollution in
the area, a network of ground level monitoring stations are proposed. Continuous
monitoring of PM2.5, PM10, SO2 and NOx concentrations from the stack would also be
carried out for proper control of the pollutants at the emission source. In addition to
the above, high efficiency bag filters to control particulate emission to less than
50mg/Nm3 will be provided.
Periodic monitoring (monthly) of stack emissions by Stack Monitoring Kit would also be
undertaken for counter checking the results of continuous monitoring. The stack
monitoring data will be utilized to keep a continuous check on the performance of
APCS.
Ambient air quality would be monitored twice a week for PM2.5, PM10, S02, NOx & CO.
24-hourly samples of ambient air quality at three locations outside plant premises and
one station within the plant will be monitored twice a week at uniform intervals. Hourly
CO monitoring at each location twice a week will be monitored.
Representative samples will be drawn from the surface and ground water bodies at 3
stations within 10km radius of the project site and analyzed for their physicochemical
characteristics, bacteriological and biological parameters as per IS 2490/IS 10500
Specifications.
Day and night levels will be monitored at 4 stations within 10km radius of the project
site.
M/s Refulgent Alloys N Steel Ltd (RANSL) has established a full fledged occupational
health with medical practitioner, compounder and other staff.
Under occupational safety and health management, M/s RANSL will take all the
necessary steps to provide better working environment.
Regular health checkup is done for all employees and contract workers.
ADDITIONAL STUDIES
(RISK ASSESSMENT & EMERGENCY
PREPAREDNESS PLAN)
REFULGENT ALLOYS N STEEL LIMITED,
Sancham (Village), Ranastalam (Mandal), EIA REPORT
Srikakulam (District), Andhra Pradesh.
Risk assessment study includes study of nature of hazards due to the proposed project
activities of the plant including operations involved in use of hazardous chemicals/fuels
storage and handling. The study includes:
Preliminary hazard Identification is used to identify typical and often relatively apparent
risk sources and damage events in a system. As each hazard is identified, the potential
causes, effects, and severity of accidents and possible corrective and /or preventive
measures are also listed.
Hazards of significant nature whose potential consequences are worthy of mention and
wherein a specified area or where more number of personnel likely to be present etc.,
are considered in identifying the hazards. The following hazards are evaluated:
Fire Hazards
Explosion Hazards.
Toxic Hazards.
A. Type of Accidents
C. Process Operations
Accidents in Ferro Alloys generally occur due to Fire, Explosion and Electrical
hazards.
Malfunctioning of equipment
Power failures
Failure to take corrective steps in time
Failure of utilities
System failure
Ageing of equipments
Improper communication
The systems like storage tanks, columns, pipelines involving highly flammable and
hazardous chemicals can lead to major accidents under abnormal conditions. The
various systems and its possible events are listed below.
Hazard is an event / incident that can lead to damage of equipment or personal injury.
The Ferro Alloy plant of M/s Refulgent Alloys N Steel Ltd (RANSL) would not deal with
any hazardous chemicals. Also there is no explosion hazard as there is no closed
combustion or no explosive chemicals are being used.
The following are the potential areas in the proposed Ferro Alloy plant of M/s
Refulgent Alloys N Steel Ltd (RANSL) that can lead to major accidents.
As such the possibility of auto ignition is very low. Precautions such as strict
enforcement of ‘No Smoking in the area’ and installation of sprinklers will be
taken.
For the electrical hazard likely to arise out of a possible (but rare) flashover and
short circuit, it is a standard practice in a Ferro Alloy plant to provide for at the
design stage and install protection systems which will automatically trip and
isolate the faulty circuits, thus minimising the damage, if any, to local area.
Thus M/s Refulgent Alloys N Steel Ltd (RANSL) would take all possible and practical
precautions to eliminate, in the first instance, all the above hazards and minimise the
damage in the unfortunate event of occurrence.
Details of the models which are based on the formulae published in the yellow book by
the TNO, Netherlands are given below
The heat load on objects outside the burning pool of liquid can be calculated with the
heat radiation model. This model uses average radiation intensity, which is dependent
on the liquid. Account is also taken of the diameter to height ratio of the fire, which
depends on the burning liquid. In addition, the heat load is also influenced by the
following factors:
The above model is selected after studying the failure modes. The following are the
worst-case scenarios, which are considered for MCA analysis.
The following table indicates likely damage level for different level of heat radiations:
Table 7.2: Shows damage level for different level of heat radiations
Incident Radiation
Intensity (KW/m2) Type of Damage
62.0 Spontaneous ignition of wood
25 Sufficient to cause damage to process equipment
12.5 Minimum energy required to ignite wood at infinitely
long exposure (non piloted)
4.5 Sufficient to cause pain to personnel if unable to reach
cover within 20 seconds; however blistering of skin
(1st degree burns) is likely.
1.6 Will cause no discomfort to long exposure.
0.7 Equivalent to solar radiation
For continuous presence of persons, the following radiation intensity levels are usually
assumed.
These criteria are followed where peak load conditions may occur for a short time but
mostly without warning. If the operators are properly trained and clothed, they are
expected to run to shelter very quickly. For the secondary fires, a thermal incident
2
radiation of 12.5 KW/m is adopted as minimum criteria.
The effects of heat radiation depend upon the intensity and duration of exposure.
Intensity and duration put together is the thermal dose. The consequences on human
body for different thermal doses are tabulated here:
Consequence analysis of certain failure cases are carried out with the objective to study
how many persons are involved in an accident and are likely to get killed or injured, or
how large is the area which is likely to be destroyed or rendered unusable so that a
true assessment of the safety of the plant can be made.
The total number of employees in the proposed Ferro Alloy plant by M/s Refulgent
Alloys N Steel Ltd (RANSL) would be about 150. The plant will run in three shifts of 8
Hrs each and a general shift of 8 hrs. Thus, at any point of time, the maximum
strength of all cadres including contract workers of the plant in general shift would be
about 75.
The proposed project site is located near Sancham Village which is 1.9 km from the
boundary of the plant site.
Meteorological information plays a major role to identify the zone, which is likely to be
effected. Heat radiation intensities are dependent on the humidity conditions of that
particular area.
7.2.7 Fire Protection and Safety Measures for Fire and Explosion Hazards
For protection of the plant against fire, all buildings / equipment, storage yards and
plant would be protected by any one or a combination of the following systems:
Hydrant System
Medium velocity water spray system
High velocity water spray system
Low expansion foam system
Mobile & portable fire extinguishing equipment
Fire alarm & detection system
The system will be designed in accordance with the recommendations of National Fire
Protection Association (NFPA) USA will be followed, as applicable. While designing the
fire protection system for this plant, its extreme ambient conditions will be taken into
account. Fire hydrants are located throughout the plant and provided with necessary
accessories and hose assemblies.
Automatic fire detection & alarm system comprising of smoke/ heat / fire sensors will
be provided as per NFPA 72 recommendation.
A quick and effective response during an emergency can have tremendous significance
on whether the situation is controlled with little loss or it turns into a major emergency.
Therefore, the purpose of this preliminary Onsite Emergency Plan (OSEP) is to provide
basic guidance to the personnel for effectively combating such situations to minimize
loss of life, damage to property and loss of property.
Emergencies are most probably noticed by the workers in the working zone though an
emergency is to be controlled by a senior person. Therefore, the first person who
comes to know that the emergency situation has risen would be the shift in-charge
working in the shift. This shift in-charge, on assessing the situation, will get in touch
with the Declarer of emergency. Depending on the nature of the accident, the shift in-
charge may initiate the action for shutting down the plant. In case of a minor accident,
the shift in-charge can continue with operations.
The emergency has to be controlled from one particular spot. This spot should be
away from the likely points of accident and is easily accessible. The control room of
the Ferro Alloy plant is one such area where the management of emergency can be
handled. The following facilities will be provided in the Control Room:
1. Plant layout
2. Emergency telephone numbers
3. General telephone numbers
4. Emergency lighting
5. Daily number of people working in hazardous area
6. Population around the plant site
7. Hot lines to District Magistrate, Police control room, Fire brigade, hospitals,
antidotes and telephone numbers of pharmacy, etc.
8. Safety equipment
9. Personal protection equipment
10.Tools and tackles.
The declarer of emergency at accident spot will assess the situation. If the finds that
the accident could result in an “On-site” or “Off-site” emergency situation, he will
immediately declare the emergency by a coded siren to inform the workers of the plant
that an emergency situation has arisen and they would have to shutdown the
operations of the plant and move towards safer areas which have been pre-decided.
Incase the emergency is of onsite nature; the management of the emergency will be
entirely in the hands of ‘declarer’. On the other hand, if the situation is so serious that
its effects are likely to be felt outside the plant premises, it would be ‘offsite’
emergency situation and the declarer has to get in touch with the pre-decided authority
and he will come and take over the management of emergency situation. The
management of the emergency will be conducted from a control room or its alternate,
both of which will have to be pre-decided.
The declarer will have to perform number of functions simultaneously. Firstly, the
declarer has to find out the nature of accident and has to get in touch with the Incident
controller. Incident controller will have two teams under him for each shift. Incident
controller will come to the accident spot along with the trained two teams. These two
teams under the supervision of Incident controller will start functioning. One team will
look for injured workers and help those who are not injured to be located and shifted to
a safer spot. This team will also have to bring out injured workers to a safer spot from
where arrangements have to be made for them to be taken to the hospital. The
second team will try to control the cause of emergency. These two teams will have all
the protective equipment available in the control room for such an emergency
situation.
The controller of emergency (Incident controller) will also get in touch with other
industries and nearby population. The question of nearby population arises only if
emergency is an ‘Offsite’ one and the actual contact with the public will be done
through the police department. The declarer of Emergency will have detailed
information about the hospital, ambulances and antidotes, which will be made available
in the control room. The arrangement to carry the injured to the hospital also will have
to be decided before hand.
The declarer of emergency will inform the police personnel about the possible hazards
before hand so that they would be ready to undertake the work. Further, the declarer
of emergency will inform the fire Brigade if necessary and give all information to the
local authorities like Chief Inspector of Factories and police control room. He will also
request police Department to make statement to the press and give information to the
public. This job will be performed by only one person who will be entrusted this work
and nobody else would be authorized to make any statement regarding the state of
emergency.
Finally when the emergency has been brought under control by the Incident controller,
the declarer of emergency will give an “all Clear signal”, the code of which will be
decided before hand. Thus the workers and the public would come to know that the
emergency situation has now come under control.
When the Emergency is declared, all workers will have to leave their places of work and
reach the safe place. However, in the confusion and excitement, the workers may not
exactly know which path to follow. If it is nighttime, the paths themselves may not be
visible. Further, when the emergency is in the same section in which a particular
worker is working, there will be so much smoke or fumes that it may be difficult for
him to fine the path of exit and he will require some special guidance. Thus, it is very
necessary that there are guide paths for the workers to follow in case of emergency so
that they can reach the safe place/gate.
There may be some workers who have been hurt and are unable to come out. To help
them, team members will be made available to the incident controller who will send
this team with hailers to the plant area also with necessary safety equipment, which
will be kept ready for use in main control room. This team will pick up those workers
who are injured and make arrangements to bring them to safe place/gate.
At the gate, there will be arrangement for counting of the workmen reporting there. All
the workers who have arrived at the main gate will be counted against the number,
which had entered. The total number that has been put together consist not only the
workers but also visitors and contract labors. When the injured workers are brought to
the safe place/gate, they have to be shifted to the hospitals with or without the help of
police. For this, arrangements will be made for a number of vehicles, ambulances, etc.
If outside public in nearby villages is affected, their evacuation will be done by police.
However, such situation is a remote possibility in case of M/s Refulgent Alloys N Steel
Ltd (RANSL) Ferro Alloy plant.
A part from bringing the injured workers out and looking after their welfare, it will be
necessary that the emergency be controlled. This will be done under the direction of
the Incident controller.
Emergency handling teams will consider maintaining on-site equipment to help mitigate
damage. The common practice is to have disaster ‘bins’ at strategic points around the
building containing paper towel, plastic sheeting, torches and similar supplies.
Readymade disaster bins and optional extras will be obtained. Contents of a disaster
recovery bin will include:
All employees, including maintenance and contractor employees will be made aware of
the safety and health hazards, which can occur in the Ferro Alloy plant.
The purpose of training is to establish and verify the organization’s ability to prevent
fires and to effectively respond to fire emergencies. M/s RANSL will provide training
through its training department. Training considerations include:
However, additional training in subjects such as operating procedures and safety work
practices, emergency evacuation and response, safety procedures, routine and non-
routine work authorization activities, and other areas pertinent to process safety and
health will also be covered.
Operators, who will work in a control room or at control panels, will be trained on Ferro
Alloy simulator. Upset conditions of various types could be displayed on the simulator,
such that the employee could go through the proper operating procedures to bring the
simulator back to the normal operating parameters.
M/s Refulgent Alloys N Steel Ltd (RANSL) will periodically evaluate the training
programs to see if the necessary skills, knowledge, and routines are being properly
understood and implemented by their trained employees. The means or methods for
evaluating the training will be developed along with the training program goals and
objectives.
Training program evaluation will help M/s Refulgent Alloys N Steel Ltd (RANSL) to
determine the amount of training their employees understand, and whether the desired
results will obtain. If, after the evaluation, it appears that the trained employees are
not at the level of knowledge and skill that was expected, M/s Refulgent Alloys N Steel
Ltd (RANSL) will revise the training program, provide retraining, or provide more
frequent refresher training sessions until the deficiency is resolved.
Based on the maximum accidental analysis, it is observed that the accidents mainly will
be confined to plant boundary and will not call for off site emergency. However, as a
safety measure, it is assumed that the accident will call for offsite emergency. Incase
of offsite emergency, the effects will be felt not only within the Plant premises but
outside by general public around the factory premises. M/s Refulgent Alloys N Steel Ltd
(RANSL) will provide all first aid facilities and medicines to handle the affected.
Injured person will be shifted to hospital on urgent basis. M/s Refulgent Alloys N Steel
Ltd (RANSL) will utilize the ambulance services of the nearby hospitals and own
vehicles for transport of injured persons. M/s Refulgent Alloys N Steel Ltd (RANSL) will
register with the nearby hospitals to handle the injured cases.
M/s Refulgent Alloys N Steel Ltd (RANSL) will inform the nearby police station about
the nature of possible hazards that can occur.
7.3.5.3 Interaction with Fire Brigade
M/s Refulgent Alloys N Steel Ltd (RANSL) along with its proposed own fire fighting
facility and the service of the nearest fire station will be utilized to bring the situation
under control.
Based on the maximum accidental analysis, it is observed that the accidents mainly will
be confined to Plant boundary and will not call for offsite emergency.
However, as a safety measure, it is assumed that the accident will call for offsite
emergency. In the case of offsite emergency the Plant personnel will not interact
directly with the public. In such instances, information will be given by Police
Department only. Police Department will be informed about possible hazards. Incase of
a major accident, public and press will be informed about the status at different
intervals. Apart from this, it will also be necessary to inform the concerned people
about the status of the injured. Incase of deaths, the bodies of the dead will be handed
over to the relatives. These functions will be performed by the police with assistance of
the controller of emergency.
Authorized person of M/s Refulgent Alloys N Steel Ltd (RANSL) will have contact with
general public, relatives of workers and representative of the press. M/s Refulgent
Alloys N Steel Ltd (RANSL) will inform the statutory authorities like Chief Inspector of
Factories & Boilers and APPCB to draw their attention to the Declaration of Emergency.
This will be done with the help of telephone/telex/messenger.
The controller of Emergency will ensure that the neighboring factories are informed of
the emergency on an appropriate basis through phone or messenger.
The moment when the situation of emergency occurs, will be brought under control, by
bringing the attention of public, press etc. This will be done by siren.
PROJECT BENEFITS
REFULGENT ALLOYS N STEEL LIMITED,
Sancham (Village), Ranastalam (Mandal), EIA REPORT
Srikakulam (District), Andhra Pradesh.
Any industrial activity will help in improving the physical infrastructure like roads,
power, communication system, transportation etc.
The setting up of the proposed project would contribute to the above facilities in
the area.
The proposed project would enhance the socio-economic status in the area with
facilities like employment, communication, education, health care etc.
Socio Economic Status in the study area is found to be moderate with respect to
livelihood, amenities etc.
The company will provide employment to about 150 skilled,semi-skilled & unskilled
workmen locally.
ENVIRONMENTAL
MANAGEMENT PLAN
REFULGENT ALLOYS N STEEL LIMITED,
Sancham (Village), Ranastalam (Mandal), EIA REPORT
Srikakulam (District), Andhra Pradesh.
The industrial development in the study area needs to be intertwined with judicious
utilization of non-renewable resources of the study area and within the limits of
permissible assimilative capacity. The assimilative capacity of the study area is the
maximum amount of pollution load that can be discharged in the environment
without affecting the designated use and is governed by dilution, dispersion, and
removal due to physical, chemical and biological processes. The Environmental
Management Plan (EMP) is required to ensure sustainable development in the
study area of the proposed plant site, hence it needs to be an all encompassing
plan, for which the proposed industry, Government, Regulating agencies like
Pollution Control Board working in the region and more importantly the affected
population of the study area need to extend their cooperation and contribution.
It has been evaluated that the study area would not be affected adversely with the
proposed project coming up in the Sancham village and the area would get a new
economic fillip. The affected environmental attributes in the region are air quality,
water quality, soil, land use, ecological and public health.
The management of M/s Refulgent Alloys N Steel Ltd (RANSL) is committed to eco-
friendly power generation.
Environmental Management Plan given below details the measures, which are to be
implemented in the proposed project.
M/s RANSL will provide extended infrastructure facilities at the plant to the
construction labour during the installation of the machinery. The following factors
would be given consideration to maintain good environmental quality during
construction phase.
Setting up of the machinery will result in the increase of PM2.5, PM10 concentrations
due to fugitive dust. Frequent water sprinkling in the vicinity of the construction
sites would be undertaken and will be continued after the completion of plant
construction, as there is scope for truck movement. It will be ensured that both
gasoline and diesel powered vehicles are properly maintained to comply with
exhaust emission requirements. All the internal roads would be concreted to reduce
fugitive dust emissions.
Noise levels generated during construction activity sometimes may be slightly high.
Onsite workers working in noise prone areas would be provided with earmuffs &
plugs.
During the construction phase, provision for infrastructural services including water
supply, sewage, drainage facilities and electrification will be made available to the
construction labour. The construction labour would be provided with sanitation
facilities to maintain proper standards of hygiene.
The site for the proposed project is located in the dry agricultural land and will be
converted to industrial purpose. Therefore there will not be any further land
degradation.
All the environmental management measures for the proposed project have been
suggested to control pollution and maintain standard limits specified by State
Pollution Control Board and Central Pollution Control Board.
M/s RANSL proposes to install the state – of – art bag houses for the proposed 4 x
9 MVA Submerged Electrical Arc Furnace. The details of the same are given in
Table 9.1.
In a Jet Pulse Dust collector the dirty gases enter through inlet manifold to the
hoppers where separation of coarse dust particles takes place. The remainder will
pass with the gases to the filtering space. Bags are secured in the tube sheet
through flange and suspended from top. Wire cages are provided to prevent the
bags from collapsing. Filtration takes places from outside to inside of bags. Dust
particles are deposited on the outside surfaces of the bags while the clean gases
pass through the outlet manifold and finally to the atmosphere through ID fan.
For control of fugitive dust, water spray arrangement is provided to spray water all
round the stockpiles and other raw material areas to suppress the dust.
In addition to the above control measures, following steps will also be practiced to
prevent air pollution due to air borne dust:
Regular monitoring of PM2.5, PM10, SO2 and NOx levels in stack emissions and
in ambient air quality.
During proposed project, the major noise-generating source will be machinery and
equipment. The proposed equipment of the proposed plant would be designed for
noise levels not exceeding 75 dB (A) at plant boundary.
In general the following methods will be adopted to control the noise pollution.
The use of concrete and masonry walls and barriers – keeping in view the
benefits of stiffness weight and cavity construction ad the need to provide
well sealed sound attenuating doors and windows.
The use of complete or partial enclosures.
Attenuation by use of sound absorbents on walls and fixed or suspended
ceilings.
Introduction of control and monitoring rooms having good sound insulation
properties.
The reduction or elimination of noise leakage paths.
The use of vibration insulation techniques.
The use of mufflers, sound attenuation and acoustic louvers in air flow
paths, taking particular care to direct inlet and discharge an opening away
from critical areas wherever possible, so as to take advantage of direct
effects.
Proper plantation of trees depending on the wind velocity can reduce noise
pollution on the surrounding area.
Providing earmuffs and earplugs to the plant personnel.
In addition to the above, the following control measures should be adopted to keep
the ambient noise levels well below the limits
The water requirement for the proposed plant is 160 KLD. Manufacturing of Ferro
Alloys does not require the water at any stage. Water only will be required for
cooling and domestic purpose. The cooling water will be continuously recirculated
in the cooling circuit and domestic effluent will be sent to septic tank fallowed by
soak pit.
Avoid leakages and spillages from the storage pits, tanks and pumps etc.,
The project proponents have acquired an area of 11.42 acres located at Sancham
(Village), Ranastalam (Mandal),Srikakulam (District), Andhra Pradesh. There is no
generation and discharge of effluents from this proposed plant. Hence there will
not be any adverse impact on the land environment.
The main solid waste generated from the proposed Ferrao alloy plant are Slag and
Dust. 362.45 TPD of slag (228.95 TPD of Ferro Manganese slag, 125.24 TPD of
Silico Manganese slag and 8.26 TPD of Ferro Silica slag) will be generated from the
proposed plant. As the Ferro Manganese slag will be reused in Silico Manganese
manufacturing process, only Silico Manganese Slag and Ferro Silica slag of
133.50TPD will be considered as solid waste. This slag will be sent to brick and
cement manufacturing units & also used in filling Low Lying areas, Construction
activities.
Bag filter Dust of 37.13 TPD will be disposed to brick manufacturing units, and
cement manufacturing units, where this dust will be used as a substitute for
cement.
Landscaping can be done around the administrative building, tanks etc. This
will help in preserving the ecological conditions.
Plantation in industrial areas should be done along the narrow and broad internal
road. This will not only improve the flora in the region but also will add to the
aesthetic of the region.
Out of the total area of 11.42 acres, about 3.88 acres (about 33% of the area) is
allocated for greenbelt. Remaining land will be utilized for construction and other
utilities. There is going to be disturbance due to human activity during different
stages. Tall and less branched trees such as Dendrocalamus strictus, Casuarina
equisetifolia, Leucaena leucocephala, Eucalyptus spp., Polyalthia pendula, Gmelina
arborea will occupy the periphery along the boundary while the short and profusely
branched trees such as Pongamia pinnata, Phyllanthus emblica, Artocarpus
integrifolia, Michelia champaka etc will occupy the inner row of the shelter belt.
This will be followed by slightly taller plants such as Tamarindus indica, Tectona
grandis, Mangifera indica, Albiziz lebbeck, Dalbergia sissoo, Azadirachta indica etc
are chosen for the middle rows. This kind of shelterbelt will be highly effective in
containing and confining the emissions from the industry. It also minimizes the
impact of cyclones on the Plant and machinery. The following multipurpose trees
are proposed to be planted in the shelterbelt.
Planting stocks are readily available from the social Forest Department as well as
from the local private nurseries. All plants are locally adapted and the present site
can support their growth with suitable horticultural practices. Sufficient space,
resources and manpower for development and maintenance are provided in the
plan.
Alstonia Scholaris,
Bauhinia Purpurea
Cassia siamea,
Peltoferrum ferrugineum
Butea monosperma
Tamarindus indica
Azadirachta indica
The following plants are suggested for plantation to absorb SO2 in the air.
Azadirachta indica
Albizia lebbeck
Alstonia scholaris
Lagerstroemia flosregineae
Melia azedarach
Minusops elangi
Poloyalthia longifloia
Trees having thick and flushy leaves with petioles are suitable. Heavier branches
and trunks of trees also deflect the sound waves. The following plant species are
suggested to reduce noise pollution.
Alstonia scholaris
Melia monosperma
Azadirachta indica
Grevillea peridifolia
Tamarindus indica
Greavillea robusta
Under Occupational Safety and Health Management, M/s Refulgent Alloys N Steel
Ltd (RANSL) will take all the necessary steps to provide better working
environment. Regular health checkup will be done for all employees and contract
workers.
Pollution monitoring program includes periodic analysis of air, ground water, soil
and wastewater samples. Ground water and soil samples at representative
locations within and nearby the project site shall be periodically analyzed to detect
contamination if any. In the event of any contamination, concerned authorities
shall be notified immediately and appropriate corrective action in consultation with
an approve consultant shall be initiated.
Noise levels.
Soil characteristics.
Ecological preservation and upgradation.
The exit gas temperature, velocity and pollutant concentrations from the stack will
be measured regularly any unacceptable deviation from the design values will be
examined and appropriate action will be taken.
As per MoEF there is a need to identify 3 ambient air stations at 120o angle
keeping the main source in the center. The ground level concentrations of
suspended particulate, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides in the ambient air
outside the project boundaries and in the adjoining villages will be monitored at
regular intervals. Any deviation from predicted/expected values will be
investigated and necessary action will be taken.
The plant will have a permanent a weather station installed within the premises.
Meteorological parameters like dry bulb temperature, wet bulb temperature, wind
speed, wind direction and rainfall will be recorded daily.
The cooling water exit temperature will not exceed 5oC over the inlet temperature.
The exit temperature will be monitored and recorded daily. Any abnormal increase
will be investigated and the necessary measures will be taken. These measures
may include operational and design modifications. The temperature of water body
around the cooling water discharge point will be monitored once a month.
The quality of the effluents from the plant would be periodically analyzed on a
weekly basis, if any. The effluent from the plant will be monitored for BOD, TSS &
pH. These data will be documented and compared against the design
specifications. Necessary corrective action will be promptly taken.
Ground water near the project site will be routinely tested for its quality. No
contamination of ground water and surface water is expected. However these
waters will be periodically tested for any change of water quality.
The effluents coming out of the process should be monitored regularly. Ground
water is recommended to be monitored in at least two villages in the direction of
ground water flow to keep surveillance on the ground water quality.
laboratory and required personnel to carry out the analysis. The proposed cell
should have following manpower on regular basis.
Senior Manager
He should be a qualified engineer with adequate experience. He will be responsible
for implementing and monitoring the environmental impacts. He should be a
liaison officer between the proposed plant and with regulatory agencies like APPCB,
CPCB etc.
Chemist
He should be a qualified chemist to carry out the analysis of various samples. Any
chemist from other laboratory from the plant can also be utilized for the analysis
purpose.
The Environmental Management Cell of the proposed plant will start with two
officers to look after the pollution control activities and they directly report to the
works manager. The environmental management group will have sufficient no. of
personnel. In plant, Personal computers and programmable logic controllers should
control the process.
The General Manager heads the Environment Cell in M/s RANSL. They should hold
meetings periodically to assess the condition of environment and to take any action
arising out of any deviation. The Environmental Monitoring should be done once in
a month throughout side laboratory and the data so generated will be recorded and
kept as a tool for review purposes.
General Manager
Manager
Resources Conservation
M/s RANSL will install all departmental objectives and targets for conservation of
resources like raw materials, energy and water consumption etc. as a part of
implementation of effective environmental management system.
Others
M/s RANSL will be committed to implementing the measures to achieve the Good
House Keeping, Preventive Maintenance, and Conservation of Resources.
S No Component Amount in Rs
Lakhs
1 Dust Suppression 20.0
2 Air Pollution control equipment 300.0
3 Stack 150.0
4 Greenbelt Development 40.0
5 Establishment of Environment cell and 50.0
Environmental Monitoring.
6 Occupational health 40.0
Total 600
Recurring cost per annum 70
SUMMARY AND
CONCLUSIONS
REFULGENT ALLOYS N STEEL LIMITED,
Sancham (Village), Ranastalam (Mandal), EIA REPORT
Srikakulam (District), Andhra Pradesh.
10.1 SUMMARY
Environmental
Environmental Impacts Mitigation Measures
Components
Environmental
Environmental Impacts Mitigation Measures
Components
Environmental
Environmental Impacts Mitigation Measures
Components
10.2 CONCLUSION
The Environmental Impact Assessment study reveals that, M/s Refulgent Alloys N
Steel Ltd (RANSL)
With the same commitment and dedication, M/s Refulgent Alloys N Steel Ltd
(RANSL) will commission the proposed plant with the modern equipment.
M/s Refulgent Alloys N Steel Ltd (RANSL) proposes to maintain the ISO quality
towards protection of environment in implementing the proposed project. Hence
the project may be accorded Environmental Clearance.
DISCLOSURE OF
CONSULTANTS
REFULGENT ALLOYS N STEEL LIMITED,
Sancham (Village), Ranastalam (Mandal), EIA REPORT
Srikakulam (District), Andhra Pradesh.
Dr. Ch Rajini -- Dr. Rajini was involved in technical support of this project. Dr.
Rajini has 7 years of experience in Environmental Impact Assessment, EIA reports
and Compliances services. She is responsible for the baseline data evaluation. Dr.
Rajini also has sound understanding environment policy and regulatory system in
Andhra Pradesh and India.
T. Sri Latha – Ms. Sri Latha was involved in technical support of this project. She
has 9 years of experience in Environmental Impact Assessment, Environmental
Social Screening, Environmental Due Diligence, Environmental Monitoring, EIA
reports, Compliances services for Industrial Environmental Management projects.
She also has sound understanding of Air Modeling (ISCST3), Noise Modeling
(DHAWANI), Meteorological Modeling (Lakes Environment), identification of
impacts on environmental components, environmental management plan, risk
analysis and disaster management plan, environment policy and regulatory system
in India.
Dr. Ram Mohan — Mr. Ram is responsible for the Remote Sensing study for the
project. He has over 3 years of experience in Remote Sensing and GIS studies with
similar magnitude and scope of work. He is an empanelled expert with our
organization.
K.Swathi — Ms. Swathi is responsible for the execution of baseline monitoring and
socioeconomic study for the project. She has over 1 years of experience on EIA
preparation with similar magnitude and scope of work.
*****************
Time N1 N2 N3 N4 N5 N6 N7 N8
6AM 36.8 37.3 38.5 42.9 37.2 36.9 37 36.6
7AM 37.9 38.3 39.6 43.9 38.3 38.7 37.9 38.9
8AM 42.6 43.9 40.8 48.7 39.9 40.2 39.8 39.7
9AM 46.8 46.7 44.5 50.3 42.3 42.6 43.9 42.6
10AM 48.7 49.9 46.3 52.6 45.1 44.9 45.2 44.8
11AM 47.6 50.4 47.9 53.8 47.3 42.5 46.8 46.2
12PM 46.3 50.6 48.5 52.6 49 40.6 42.9 47
13 PM 44.2 48.9 47.6 51.9 47.2 40.9 43.8 45.1
14 PM 46.2 47.2 46.9 50.4 45.2 42.8 44.8 44.2
15 PM 46.9 45.3 45.9 51.6 44.2 45.2 46.7 46.9
16 PM 48.9 49.8 48.7 52.6 45.6 46.9 43.2 48.9
17 PM 49 50.6 49.3 53.8 42.4 48.9 41.3 43.6
18 PM 48.2 51.2 47.2 52.9 40.1 46.5 40.1 42.1
19 PM 44.2 46.3 45.2 48.9 38.9 43.1 38.9 41.6
20 PM 42.1 43.4 41.6 47.6 37.6 40.2 38.2 40.9
21 PM 38.6 39.4 40.2 42.6 36.2 38.6 36.4 38.9
22 PM 36.9 38.4 38.9 40.1 35.2 37.2 35.2 37.2
23 PM 35.2 37 36.8 38.9 35 36.6 35 36.6
24 AM 35 36.4 36.2 37.9 35.2 36 35.1 35.9
1AM 35.1 35.4 36 36.4 35.3 35.8 35.6 35
2AM 35.4 35.9 35.2 37.2 35.9 35.2 36.2 35.2
3AM 35.6 36 35.6 38.9 35.8 35 36.3 36.9
4AM 36.3 36.2 36.8 39.9 36.2 35.9 36.4 36.3
5AM 36.4 36.8 37.2 40.3 36.3 36.2 36.6 36
Minimum 35.0 35.4 35.2 36.4 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0
Maximum 49.0 51.2 49.3 53.8 49.0 48.9 46.8 48.9
Day
equivalent 46.0 47.9 46.1 51.0 44.0 43.7 42.9 44.2
Night
equivalent 35.8 36.6 36.7 38.9 35.6 36.0 35.8 36.2
ANNEXURE-C
WATER ANALYSIS REPORT
SURFACE WATER ANALYSIS REPORT
1 pH -- 7.84 7.74
16 Flourides as F -
mg/L 1.1 1 1.1
16 Flourides as F -
mg/L 1.3 0.5 1.1 1
Sr. No. Parameter SS1 SS2 SS3 SS4 SS5 SS6 SS7 SS8
1 TO 24 Hrs
FAST MOVING VEHICLES SLOW MOVING VEHICLES
Time Two Three Cars/Vans Buses & 2-Axle &3- Cycles Cycle Cattle’s
Wheelers Wheelers Lorries Axle Rishkaw
Up Dn Up Dn Up Dn Up Dn Up Dn Up Dn Up Dn Up Dn
1. 01 01 00 00 12 06 78 84 23 29 00 00 00 00 00 00
2. 01 02 00 00 16 09 69 73 21 18 00 00 00 00 00 00
3. 12 00 00 00 23 18 68 71 19 26 00 00 00 00 00 00
4. 23 10 02 04 36 21 57 58 16 17 04 00 00 00 02 02
5. 26 29 06 02 22 19 62 63 15 28 06 02 00 00 04 01
6. 48 41 12 10 41 36 54 69 21 39 08 06 00 00 02 02
7. 52 46 16 16 36 45 49 58 19 32 04 04 00 00 01 02
8. 36 59 12 19 30 51 56 59 18 26 04 09 00 00 02 02
9. 41 37 18 12 28 39 61 63 12 05 02 12 00 00 00 00
10. 26 43 13 19 31 41 36 54 10 18 01 03 00 00 00 00
11. 39 36 10 15 42 38 32 34 09 06 02 02 00 00 00 00
12. 46 28 08 12 24 27 29 31 06 15 06 04 00 00 00 00
13. 52 20 10 10 16 39 20 26 12 14 01 05 00 00 00 00
14. 23 38 13 13 13 41 26 29 08 05 02 03 00 00 00 00
15. 39 49 12 19 32 36 31 21 06 12 06 07 00 00 00 00
16. 28 56 09 16 45 20 29 23 05 04 16 08 00 00 02 00
17. 38 41 11 09 39 18 26 20 06 02 18 09 00 00 01 06
18. 43 32 12 06 41 43 19 23 08 06 14 14 00 00 02 04
19. 20 21 16 02 26 26 29 20 19 08 12 02 00 00 02 02
20. 18 09 02 04 21 21 34 51 23 22 06 01 00 00 00 00
21. 10 06 04 02 18 19 49 59 22 26 02 00 00 00 00 00
22. 06 03 02 00 16 10 69 71 18 32 00 00 00 00 00 00
23. 02 02 00 00 11 06 64 66 16 31 00 00 00 00 00 00
24. 02 01 00 00 06 02 72 67 10 38 00 00 00 00 00 00
Name of the Road : Giriviaripallem Road
UP : Ranasthalam to Vijayanagaram Location : Giriviaripallem
Dn : Vijayanagaram to Ranasthalam
1 TO 24 Hrs
FAST MOVING VEHICLES SLOW MOVING VEHICLES
Time Two Three Cars/Vans Buses & 2-Axle &3- Cycles Cycle Cattle’s
Wheelers Wheelers Lorries Axle Rishkaw
Up Dn Up Dn Up Dn Up Dn Up Dn Up Dn Up Dn Up Dn
1. 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
2. 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
3. 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
4. 04 06 01 02 00 01 00 00 00 00 03 00 00 00 00 00
5. 02 08 02 03 00 00 01 01 00 00 02 01 00 00 00 04
6. 04 10 01 02 01 00 02 01 00 00 04 02 00 00 06 02
7. 02 09 02 01 00 02 03 02 00 00 06 02 00 00 05 04
8. 08 08 04 06 02 00 04 03 00 00 02 05 00 00 02 05
9. 06 06 03 08 00 00 06 02 00 00 03 06 00 00 04 01
10. 06 05 09 02 02 00 04 04 00 00 02 04 00 00 05 01
11. 02 04 04 01 00 00 02 02 00 00 01 02 00 00 01 00
12. 00 01 06 00 00 01 02 01 00 00 01 06 00 00 00 00
13. 02 01 02 00 01 00 04 02 00 00 02 02 00 00 00 00
14. 02 06 01 02 00 00 02 01 00 00 03 02 00 00 01 02
15. 03 08 01 01 02 00 02 01 00 00 01 03 00 00 00 00
16. 02 16 06 02 00 00 04 02 00 00 01 01 00 00 00 00
17. 04 12 08 06 00 00 02 01 00 00 02 01 00 00 05 05
18. 05 12 02 09 01 01 01 02 00 00 01 02 00 00 02 06
19. 12 06 04 01 00 00 02 03 00 00 03 03 00 00 04 04
20. 06 05 01 04 01 00 01 04 00 00 06 04 00 00 00 02
21. 01 00 00 03 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 02
22. 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
23. 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
24. 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
ANNEXURE-F
FLORA
List of Flora in Study Area
List of plant species encountered within the core area during the summer season of
2011
Scientific name Local name Family
Alangium salvifolium Vuduga Alangiaceae
Azadirachta indica Vepa or Neem Meliaceae
Bauhinia purpurea Devakaanchanam Caesalpiniaceae
Borassus flabellifer Toddy / Taaati Arecaceae
Breynia retusa Chinna pugugudu Euphorbiaceae
Acacia nilotica Nallathumma Mimosaceae
Calotropis gigantea Tella jilledu Asclepiadaceae
Calotropis procera Jilledu Asclepiadaceae
Carissa spinarum Kalivi / Vaaka Apocynaceae
Cassia auriculata Tangedu Caesalpiniaceae
Casuarina equisetifolia Sarwi / sarugudu Casuarinaceae
Chromolaena odorata Siam weed Asterceae
Albizia lebbeck Dirisana Mimosaceae
Hyptis suaveolens Seema tulasi Lamiaceae
Imperata cylindrica Darba gaddi Poaceae
Ipomoea carnea Rubber mokka Convlovulaceae
Lantana camara Lantana Verbenaceae
Parthenium hysterophorus Pitchimaachi patri Asteraceae
Peltophorum pterocarpum Patcha turaayi Caesalpiniaceae
List of vertebrate species either seen or reported to occur in and around the
site. Those found in the core area are indicted by *
Mammals:
Common name Latin name IUCN Status
Bengal Mongoose Herpestes palustris Vulnerable
Rhesus Monkey Macaca mulatia Least Concern
Fox Vulpes bengalensis Least Concern
Hare Lepus nigricollis Least Concern
Indian Brown Mongoose Herpestes fuscus Vulnerable
Jackal Canis aureus Least Concern
Porcupine Hystrix indica Least Concern
Short nosed fruit bat Cynopterus sphinx Least Concern
Three striped Squirrel* Funambulus palmarum Least Concern
Lesser bandicoot Rat* Bandicota bengalensis Least Concern
Greater Bandicoot Rat* Bandicota indica Least Concern
Brown Rat* Rattus rattus Least Concern
Wild boar Sus scrofa Least Concern
Reptiles
Chameleon Chameleon zeylanicus Least Concern
Cobra Naja naja Least Concern
Common Indian Krait Bungarus caeruleus Least concern
Common Indian Monitor Varanus bengalensis Vulnerable
No. of
Rural/ House
Village Name Urban Holds Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female
Parla Rural 256 1212 630 582 126 67 59 225 120 105 0 0 0
Jagannadharajapuram
Rural 544 2509 1369 1140 358 189 169 424 265 159 24 10 14
Ranasthalam Rural 877 4077 2147 1930 565 299 266 223 123 100 4 3 1
Sitampeta Rural 677 4455 2355 2100 497 247 250 593 318 275 1502 744 758
Kondamulagam Rural 335 1605 825 780 179 84 95 239 118 121 0 0 0
Komma Sigadam Rural 390 1660 836 824 231 117 114 412 211 201 0 0 0
Arjunavalasa Rural 277 1166 597 569 110 56 54 207 105 102 0 0 0
Bantupalli Rural 530 2119 1071 1048 344 183 161 662 322 340 0 0 0
Sancham Rural 773 3547 1773 1774 532 254 278 273 138 135 0 0 0
Devuni Palavalasa Rural 132 518 258 260 52 22 30 269 137 132 0 0 0
Paidibhimavaram Rural 585 2425 1237 1188 393 201 192 230 108 122 16 9 7
Varisam Rural 345 1512 756 756 222 109 113 340 174 166 1 1 0
Koshta Rural 891 3879 1993 1886 555 287 268 504 259 245 11 9 2
Derasam Rural 418 1988 1003 985 251 126 125 219 110 109 2 1 1
Maruvada Rural 204 949 486 463 147 76 71 328 166 162 0 0 0
Mentada Rural 337 1569 825 744 304 165 139 250 131 119 7 4 3
Naruva Rural 304 1472 740 732 249 136 113 132 69 63 0 0 0
Alugolu Rural 889 3997 2084 1913 565 292 273 371 195 176 0 0 0
Gushini Rural 726 3042 1538 1504 446 226 220 377 194 183 51 28 23
Boppadam Rural 501 2435 1285 1150 318 151 167 344 183 161 0 0 0
Sativada Rural 619 2955 1499 1456 465 246 219 395 221 174 19 11 8
Ommi Rural 492 2221 1120 1101 255 125 130 357 179 178 0 0 0
Valluru Rural 471 1927 942 985 233 121 112 118 59 59 0 0 0
Venkannapalem Rural 6 17 10 7 0 0 0 14 8 6 0 0 0
Kamavaram Rural 166 739 373 366 149 75 74 226 110 116 0 0 0
Pedda
Battivalasa Rural 52 279 151 128 42 28 14 0 0 0 2 1 1
Chinna
Battivalasa Rural 146 647 335 312 119 57 62 33 17 16 144 75 69
Chodamma
Agraharam Rural 403 1893 959 934 311 167 144 85 39 46 0 0 0
Nakkanapeta Rural 22 77 42 35 20 13 7 0 0 0 0 0 0
Gumpam Rural 275 1339 656 683 212 107 105 110 56 54 0 0 0
Kovvada Rural 362 1753 901 852 259 140 119 440 229 211 0 0 0
Total 20547 93623 47726 45897 13287 6796 6491 11310 5852 5458 1905 956 949
Total Working Total Non Working Main Workers Marginal Workers
Population Population Population Population
Rural/
Village Name Urban Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female
Parla Rural 665 374 291 547 256 291 141 131 10 524 243 281
Sitamvalasa Rural 350 181 169 232 123 109 290 156 134 60 25 35
Jagannadharajapuram Rural 745 565 180 1764 804 960 582 467 115 163 98 65
Ranasthalam Rural 2166 1328 838 1911 819 1092 1165 940 225 1001 388 613
Sitampeta Rural 988 707 281 3467 1648 1819 862 668 194 126 39 87
Kondamulagam Rural 875 486 389 730 339 391 862 481 381 13 5 8
Gollapalem Rural 318 140 178 279 164 115 72 50 22 246 90 156
Devarapalli Rural 546 329 217 553 229 324 384 298 86 162 31 131
Velpurayi Rural 686 374 312 514 246 268 361 341 20 325 33 292
Komma Sigadam Rural 962 516 446 698 320 378 591 393 198 371 123 248
Arjunavalasa Rural 809 423 386 357 174 183 802 420 382 7 3 4
Bantupalli Rural 1157 616 541 962 455 507 181 124 57 976 492 484
Tirupatipalem Rural 569 297 272 514 272 242 101 86 15 468 211 257
Sancham Rural 2017 1101 916 1530 672 858 1178 762 416 839 339 500
Devuni Palavalasa Rural 310 162 148 208 96 112 132 127 5 178 35 143
Paidibhimavaram Rural 973 745 228 1452 492 960 759 638 121 214 107 107
Varisam Rural 830 477 353 682 279 403 640 410 230 190 67 123
Nelivada Rural 450 284 166 557 216 341 284 220 64 166 64 102
Koshta Rural 1732 1123 609 2147 870 1277 1302 930 372 430 193 237
Pishini Rural 948 592 356 1159 479 680 307 271 36 641 321 320
Derasam Rural 1059 586 473 929 417 512 452 313 139 607 273 334
Maruvada Rural 587 313 274 362 173 189 378 263 115 209 50 159
Rajam Rural 1371 763 608 1209 490 719 743 522 221 628 241 387
Akkayapalem Rural 472 241 231 192 99 93 149 131 18 323 110 213
Mentada Rural 869 455 414 700 370 330 621 370 251 248 85 163
Naruva Rural 868 443 425 604 297 307 839 431 408 29 12 17
Chittivalasa Rural 460 303 157 558 198 360 204 199 5 256 104 152
Golagam Rural 699 350 349 409 201 208 578 308 270 121 42 79
Ragolu Rural 892 472 420 593 299 294 830 438 392 62 34 28
Tatipudi Rural 353 185 168 226 101 125 353 185 168 0 0 0
Kottavuru Rural 629 332 297 425 154 271 371 241 130 258 91 167
Alugolu Rural 1799 1207 592 2198 877 1321 1666 1121 545 133 86 47
Gushini Rural 1916 990 926 1126 548 578 1400 825 575 516 165 351
Madhupada Rural 252 141 111 180 70 110 252 141 111 0 0 0
Boppadam Rural 1310 731 579 1125 554 571 1077 682 395 233 49 184
Sativada Rural 1519 916 603 1436 583 853 1436 892 544 83 24 59
Ommi Rural 1249 714 535 972 406 566 1106 688 418 143 26 117
Tammapuram Rural 453 234 219 274 125 149 452 234 218 1 0 1
Valluru Rural 1095 607 488 832 335 497 974 547 427 121 60 61
Malyada Rural 736 401 335 461 186 275 731 400 331 5 1 4
Venkannapalem Rural 11 6 5 6 4 2 8 5 3 3 1 2
Kanimella Rural 906 491 415 332 155 177 586 393 193 320 98 222
Kamavaram Rural 512 269 243 227 104 123 245 233 12 267 36 231
Chinna Battivalasa Rural 378 217 161 269 118 151 316 208 108 62 9 53
Chodamma Agraharam Rural 1035 575 460 858 384 474 406 337 69 629 238 391
Poram Rural 290 185 105 283 120 163 34 33 1 256 152 104
Kanimetta Rural 692 395 297 542 239 303 361 263 98 331 132 199
Alladapalem Rural 444 289 155 486 181 305 179 157 22 265 132 133
Kandivalasa Rural 789 444 345 541 257 284 349 293 56 440 151 289
Nakkanapeta Rural 49 26 23 28 16 12 20 20 0 29 6 23
Govindapuram Rural 776 451 325 575 228 347 654 396 258 122 55 67
Lankalapallipalem Rural 696 347 349 313 148 165 316 279 37 380 68 312
Chouduvada Rural 522 288 234 379 175 204 467 281 186 55 7 48
Krishnapuram Rural 737 406 331 509 207 302 498 290 208 239 116 123
Gumpam Rural 591 417 174 748 239 509 539 401 138 52 16 36
Kovvada Rural 1001 590 411 752 311 441 679 479 200 322 111 211
Total 48752 28289 20463 44871 19437 25434 33091 22315 10776 15661 5974 9687
Rural/ Total Literate Population Total Illeterate Population
Village Name Urban Total Male Female Total Male Female
Parla Rural 616 397 219 596 233 363
Sitamvalasa Rural 111 70 41 471 234 237
Jagannadharajapuram Rural 1743 1046 697 766 323 443
Ranasthalam Rural 1509 991 518 2568 1156 1412
Sitampeta Rural 3316 1922 1394 1139 433 706
Muktampuram Rural 198 113 85 627 295 332
Kondamulagam Rural 684 401 283 921 424 497
Gollapalem Rural 221 148 73 376 156 220
Devarapalli Rural 416 264 152 683 294 389
Velpurayi Rural 497 318 179 703 302 401
Komma Sigadam Rural 698 416 282 962 420 542
Arjunavalasa Rural 365 212 153 801 385 416
Girivaripalem Rural 225 137 88 188 66 122
Bantupalli Rural 824 450 374 1295 621 674
Tirupatipalem Rural 391 262 129 692 307 385
Sancham Rural 1351 902 449 2196 871 1325
Devuni Palavalasa Rural 240 142 98 278 116 162
Paidibhimavaram Rural 1304 757 547 1121 480 641
Varisam Rural 501 302 199 1011 454 557
Nelivada Rural 378 224 154 629 276 353
Koshta Rural 1703 1046 657 2176 947 1229
Pishini Rural 757 510 247 1350 561 789
Vallabharavupeta Rural 410 271 139 529 230 299
Venkataravupeta Rural 69 36 33 109 51 58
Derasam Rural 821 506 315 1167 497 670
Maruvada Rural 283 174 109 666 312 354
Rajam Rural 488 294 194 2092 959 1133
Jirukovvada Rural 44 28 16 269 136 133
Akkayapalem Rural 244 154 90 420 186 234
Mentada Rural 356 227 129 1213 598 615
Naruva Rural 437 261 176 1035 479 556
Boyapalem Rural 171 102 69 339 152 187
Chittivalasa Rural 283 174 109 735 327 408
Golagam Rural 344 244 100 764 307 457
Ragolu Rural 403 285 118 1082 486 596
Jogirajupeta Rural 101 61 40 183 79 104
Tatipudi Rural 259 160 99 320 126 194
Kottavuru Rural 415 239 176 639 247 392
Alugolu Rural 1301 916 385 2696 1168 1528
Gushini Rural 940 618 322 2102 920 1182
Madhupada Rural 172 102 70 260 109 151
Pinatarimi Rural 81 49 32 202 88 114
Boppadam Rural 1064 731 333 1371 554 817
Sativada Rural 889 573 316 2066 926 1140
Ommi Rural 703 445 258 1518 675 843
Altipalem Rural 127 81 46 158 61 97
Tammapuram Rural 233 156 77 494 203 291
Valluru Rural 699 418 281 1228 524 704
Pedatarimi Rural 151 100 51 295 119 176
Malyada Rural 324 214 110 873 373 500
Venkannapalem Rural 8 6 2 9 4 5
Kanimella Rural 291 198 93 947 448 499
Kamavaram Rural 153 87 66 586 286 300
Pedda Battivalasa Rural 67 41 26 212 110 102
Chinna Battivalasa Rural 199 110 89 448 225 223
Chodamma Agraharam Rural 600 401 199 1293 558 735
Poram Rural 206 124 82 367 181 186
Gaitula Chodavaram Rural 135 85 50 162 62 100
Kanimetta Rural 481 270 211 753 364 389
Alladapalem Rural 403 226 177 527 244 283
Kandivalasa Rural 556 333 223 774 368 406
Nakkanapeta Rural 18 12 6 59 30 29
Govindapuram Rural 594 350 244 757 329 428
Lankalapallipalem Rural 457 243 214 552 252 300
Konayapalem Rural 207 111 96 329 140 189
Chouduvada Rural 271 155 116 630 308 322
Krishnapuram Rural 572 332 240 674 281 393
Gumpam Rural 378 212 166 961 444 517
Kovvada Rural 609 405 204 1144 496 648
Total 36065 22350 13715 57558 25376 32182
Agricultural Labours Main Others
Total Cultivators Population Main House Hold population
Rural/
Village Name Urban Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female
Komma Sigadam Rural 129 108 21 446 248 198 141 17 124 246 143 103
Sancham Rural 528 327 201 942 455 487 49 27 22 498 292 206
Devuni
Palavalasa Rural 61 41 20 88 29 59 13 8 5 148 84 64
Venkataravupeta Rural 81 37 44 20 5 15 0 0 0 5 5 0
Rajam Rural 306 181 125 781 364 417 11 11 0 273 207 66
Mentada Rural 368 211 157 210 91 119 33 8 25 258 145 113
Alugolu Rural 651 410 241 798 514 284 85 66 19 265 217 48
Gushini Rural 824 492 332 739 245 494 25 16 9 328 237 91
Pinatarimi Rural 56 36 20 76 41 35 5 4 1 15 10 5
Boppadam Rural 391 250 141 612 269 343 99 46 53 208 166 42
Sativada Rural 385 244 141 795 419 376 61 56 5 278 197 81
Ommi Rural 549 336 213 584 294 290 6 5 1 110 79 31
Altipalem Rural 85 47 38 43 22 21 2 2 0 34 15 19
Valluru Rural 507 278 229 352 176 176 77 41 36 159 112 47
Venkannapalem Rural 8 5 3 3 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nakkanapeta Rural 7 7 0 36 13 23 0 0 0 6 6 0
Govindapuram Rural 307 167 140 286 148 138 58 33 25 125 103 22
Konayapalem Rural 89 50 39 98 57 41 6 5 1 72 55 17
Krishnapuram Rural 281 133 148 254 111 143 13 10 3 189 152 37
Total 14182 9034 5148 23202 11141 12061 1679 872 807 9689 7242 2447
ANNEXURE-I
MEAN METEOROLOGY
Average Mean Meteorology
WND Stability
HRS (Deg) WND WNS Class Mixing Height
0 135 SE 0.63 5 200
1 129 SE 0.53 5 200
2 180 S 0.49 5 100
3 190 S 0.54 5 100
4 170 S 0.56 5 50
5 190 S 0.64 5 50
6 185 S 0.62 5 50
7 232 SW 0.68 2 200
8 229 SW 0.65 2 400
9 220 SW 0.56 2 500
10 245 WSW 0.61 1 500
11 210 SSW 0.64 1 800
12 230 SW 0.72 1 600
13 200 SSW 0.84 1 500
14 225 SW 0.93 2 500
15 230 SW 0.93 2 500
16 230 SW 0.78 2 500
17 242 WSW 0.76 5 500
18 250 WSW 0.58 5 500
19 251 WSW 0.54 5 400
20 265 W 0.58 5 400
21 225 SW 0.66 5 300
22 220 SW 0.76 5 300
23 200 SSW 0.75 5 200
ANNEXURE-J
PUBLIC HEARING MINUTES
ANNEXURE - J
ANNEXURE-K
DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL
ANNEXURE - K
ANNEXURE-L
FLOOD ZONATION MAP
ANNEXURE - L