Pipeline Welding

MAJOR PROJECTS CONSTRUCTION SERVICES
(PIPELINE)
SPECIFICATION FOR PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION

(CANADA)
PIPELINE WELDING
CPCS-SPEC-PIPELINE-002
Name Position Department Signature Date
MP Engineering &
Senior Welding
Luke Ludwig Construction Services -
Specialist
Prepared Pipeline
By Senior MP Engineering &
Bob Huntley Construction Construction Services -
Specialist Pipeline
MP Engineering &
Reviewed
Robert Hogg Supervisor Construction Services -
By
Pipeline
MP Engineering &
Approved
Stan Cichacki Senior Manager Construction Services
By
Canada- Pipeline
THE ORIGINAL SIGNED COPY OF THIS DOCUMENT IS RETAINED BY MP ENGINEERING AND

CONSTRUCTION SERVICES.
Document Uncontrolled When Printed
CPCS-SPEC-PLW-002 Revision 2 Page 1 of 39
REVISION SUMMARY
Revision Replacement of Previous
Effective Date Reason for and Description of the Change
No. Document
Reviewed and updated to reflect current industry
See manager
2 standards and Company’s best engineering 1
approval date
construction practices
Reviewed and updated to reflect current industry
1 November 2011 standards and Company’s best engineering 0
construction practices
0 May 2010 New document N/A

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 SCOPE........................................................................................................................................................ 5
1.1 GENERAL ................................................................................................................................................... 5
2 ACTS, REGULATIONS, LAWS, CODES AND STANDARDS .............................................................................. 5
2.1 GENERAL ................................................................................................................................................... 5
3 RELATED TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS AND STANDARDS ........................................................................... 5
3.1 GENERAL ................................................................................................................................................... 5
4 DEFINITIONS.............................................................................................................................................. 6
4.1 GENERAL ................................................................................................................................................... 6
5 WELDING REQUIREMENTS ........................................................................................................................ 7
5.1 GENERAL ................................................................................................................................................... 7
6 WELD CLASSIFICATION .............................................................................................................................. 8
6.1 TACK WELDS .....................................................................................................................................................8
6.2 GROOVE WELDS ...............................................................................................................................................9

6.3 FILLET WELDS....................................................................................................................................................9
7 EQUIPMENT .............................................................................................................................................. 9
7.1 GENERAL ...........................................................................................................................................................9
7.2 MECHANIZED WELDING .................................................................................................................................10
8 MATERIALS.............................................................................................................................................. 11
8.1 GENERAL .........................................................................................................................................................11
8.2 CONSUMABLES ...............................................................................................................................................11
8.3 SHIELDING GASES ...........................................................................................................................................12
8.4 PIPE AND COMPONENTS ................................................................................................................................12
9 QUALIFICATION OF WELDING PROCEDURE SPECIFICATIONS ................................................................... 12
9.1 GENERAL .........................................................................................................................................................12
9.2 ELECTRODE SELECTION...................................................................................................................................13
9.3 MAXIMUM TRAVEL SPEED..............................................................................................................................14
9.4 MINIMUM INTERPASS TEMPERATURES .........................................................................................................14
9.5 MAXIMUM TIME INTERVAL BETWEEN WELD PASSES ....................................................................................14
9.6 MAINLINE WELDING PROCEDURE SPECIFICATION QUALIFICATION ..............................................................15
9.7 MAINLINE WELD-REPAIR WELDING PROCEDURE SPECIFICATION QUALIFICATION .......................................15
9.8 TIE-IN WPS QUALIFICATION ...........................................................................................................................16

9.9 FIELD FABRICATION WPS QUALIFICATION .....................................................................................................16
9.10 FIELD FABRICATION WELD-REPAIR WPS QUALIFICATION ..............................................................................16
9.11 NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING OF WPS TEST COUPONS ...................................................................................16
9.12 DESTRUCTIVE TESTING OF WPS QUALIFICATION TEST COUPONS .................................................................17
10 WELDER QUALIFICATION ......................................................................................................................... 18
10.1 GENERAL .........................................................................................................................................................18
10.2 TEST REQUIREMENTS .....................................................................................................................................19
11 PRODUCTION WELDING .......................................................................................................................... 21
11.1 GENERAL .........................................................................................................................................................21
11.2 WEATHER CONDITIONS ..................................................................................................................................22
11.3 COLD WEATHER WELDING .............................................................................................................................22
11.4 CONTRACTOR DOCUMENTATION OF COMPLIANCE ......................................................................................22
11.5 WELDING PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS ...................................................................................................23
11.6 PREPARATION OF PIPE....................................................................................................................................24
11.7 ALIGNMENT, FIT UP AND SUPPORT................................................................................................................25
11.8 REMOVAL OF LINE-UP CLAMPS ......................................................................................................................26
11.9 PREHEATING ...................................................................................................................................................27
11.10 WELDING SEQUENCE ......................................................................................................................................27
11.11 INTERNAL BACKWELDING...............................................................................................................................28
11.12 WELD COMPLETION .......................................................................................................................................28
11.13 NIGHT CAPPING ..............................................................................................................................................29
11.14 ARC BURNS .....................................................................................................................................................29
11.15 PIPE PUPS .......................................................................................................................................................30
11.16 WELDING REFUSE ...........................................................................................................................................30
11.17 WELD INSPECTION AND ACCEPTANCE ...........................................................................................................31
12 WELD-REPAIRS ........................................................................................................................................ 33
12.1 GENERAL .........................................................................................................................................................33
12.2 WELD-REPAIR AND REMOVAL OF DEFECTS ....................................................................................................34
12.3 INSPECTION OF WELD-REPAIRS ......................................................................................................................35
13 APPENDICES ............................................................................................................................................ 36

1 SCOPE
1.1 General
This Specification outlines the minimum requirements for pipeline mainline welding, weld-repair
welding, tie-in welding and field fabrication welding of pipe and components for pipeline systems.
This specification does not cover the requirements for shop fabrication welding, pipe mill welding,
maintenance welding, or welding of final tie-ins to existing systems. Except as otherwise
expressly provided herein, the Construction Contractor shall be responsible for implementing this
Specification. The Construction Contractor shall ensure that the welding requirements set out in
this Specification are complied with to the extent they are applicable. The Construction
Contractor shall be solely responsible for ensuring that the Work is performed in strict compliance
with all Environmental, Health and Safety Laws.
2 ACTS, REGULATIONS, LAWS, CODES AND STANDARDS
2.1 General
2.1.1 The latest edition of the following Acts, Codes and Standards shall form part of this
Specification. It is the Contractor’s responsibility to be familiar with the latest editions of
the Acts, Regulations, Laws, Codes and Standards that are necessary for the
performance of the Work. These shall include but not be limited to the following:
• CSA Z662 – Oil and Gas Pipeline Systems
• Where regulated by Federal Standards, the National Energy Board – NEB Onshore
Pipeline Regulations
• Alberta Pipeline Act and Regulations
• Other Provincial & Territories Acts, Regulations and Standards
2.1.2 Where CSA Z662 is referenced hereafter it shall mean CSA Z662 – Oil and Gas
Pipeline Systems, all associated requirements of the Alberta Pipeline Act and
Regulations, and the National Energy Board Onshore Pipeline Regulations as
applicable. If there is a conflict between Acts, Regulations, Laws, Codes and
Standards the most stringent requirement shall be met by Contractor. All conflicts must
be referred to Enbridge for resolution.
2.1.3 The Contractor shall comply with the requirements of all applicable Acts, Regulations,
Laws, Codes and Standards in performance of the Work.
3 RELATED TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS AND STANDARDS
3.1 General
3.1.1 The following Technical Specifications and Standards shall be read in conjunction with
this Specification. The requirements of these documents shall become part of this
Specification by reference herein.
• CPCS-SPEC-PIPELINE-001 - Pipeline Construction Specification
• CPCS-SPEC-NDT-003 – Non-Destructive Testing Specification

4 DEFINITIONS
4.1 General
4.1.1 Welding terms and definitions shall be in accordance with CSA Z662 and these
Specifications as follows:
Arc Burns – An imperfection that results from an arc and consists of any localized
remelted metal, heat affected metal, or change in the surface profile of any part of the
parent metal away from the weld Bevel.
AUT – Automated Ultrasonic Testing. An automated or mechanized inspection system
using ultrasonic inspection techniques.
Bridge Tack – Temporary weld used in the alignment of parts. Bridge tacks shall be
made with qualified welders utilizing material preheat temperatures and consumables
from a qualified WPS suitable for the materials to be joined. Bridge tacks shall only be
applied to the prepared bevel groove.
Cold Weather Welding – Welding on pipe greater than 323.9 mm OD and greater
than Grade 386 with ambient conditions inclusive of wind chill affects resulting in
temperatures less than +5 C for more than 2 consecutive hours in a work day,
forecasted or measured at the work site location, or otherwise defined by the
Company.
Component – A pressure-retaining member of the piping, other than pipe.
Copper Contamination – Surface adhesion of thin amounts of copper that does not
migrate into the weld metal.
Copper Inclusion – The presence of localized copper alloying as a result of direct
deposition during the welding process (contact tip contact) or as a result of aggressive
pick up from adjacent copper surfaces that results in dilution into the weld metal.
Counter Bore and Taper – A machining method utilized to transition pipe material of
a greater wall thickness to that of the lesser wall thickness for welding.
Essential Change – A welding change that may affect the mechanical properties of
the weld. Essential Changes are welding variables that have been altered outside the
ranges specified in CSA Z662 or this Specification.
Final Tie-in – A permanent weld which will not be included in a hydrostatic test prior
to the pipeline system being placed into service.
Final Weld at a Tie-in Location – The final weld completed at a tie-in location that
will be included in a hydrostatic test. Welded in the ditch.
Interpass Temperature – The temperature of the weldment between weld passes,
measured by calibrated contact thermometer or tempil-stick immediately before the
start of any weld pass at a location 50 mm from a production weld joint or 150 mm
from the edge of a weld-repair weld.
Mainline Welding – Pipeline welding activities performed on the pipeline right of way
but not in the ditch.
Mechanized Welding – A welding method where the welding arc is moved along the
weld joint by mechanical means.
Preheat – Application of a minimum specified heat to a weld joint prior to welding to
ensure adequately slow cooling conditions.
Procedure Qualification Record – (PQR) Procedure Qualification Records are the
summarized actual documented variables recorded during the qualification welding of
test coupons to confirm the compatibility of consumables and techniques in the joining
of materials typical for a given WPS. It also contains the mechanical and non-
destructive test results of the tested specimens.
Production Welding – Production welding shall include all the welding completed in
the performance of the Work including mainline, tie-in, weld-repair and field fabrication
welding.
SMTS – Specified Minimum Tensile Strength
SMYS – Specified Minimum Yield Strength
Tack Welds – A temporary weld segment designed to hold a weldment in alignment
prior to welding.
Tie-in – The welding together of completed pipe sections. Welded in the ditch.
Welding Data Sheet – (WDS) A single page summary of the WPS intended as quick
reference for the welders and Inspectors to ensure familiarization of all the essential
changes for welding. Project specific guidelines are given for the application of the
welding, i.e., preheats, consumables, heat inputs.
Welding Procedure Specification – (WPS) A document providing, in detail, the
required parameters for welding. The WPS takes the recorded variables from the
development of the PQR and extends these into ranges of essential changes to be
followed. This document is also termed as the ‘welding procedure’.
Welding Specification – A detailed document prescribing Company Guidelines,
Policies and mandatory requirements when welding pipe and components
5 WELDING REQUIREMENTS
5.1 General
5.1.1 The Contractor shall have a documented Quality Program in place and a controlled
copy of the Quality Program Manual shall be available to Company at the place of
Work. The Company will conduct an audit of Contractor’s implementation of its Welding
Quality Program.
5.1.2 WPS and welder qualifications shall be in accordance with the requirements of CSA
Z662 and these Specifications.
5.1.3 No welding shall be performed unless the appropriate company approved Welding
Data Sheet is on site.
5.1.4 WDS compliance remains the responsibility of the Contractor. Even though the WPS
and WDS has been approved by the Company, the Contractor remains responsible for
the technical performance of the qualified WPS and remains solely responsible for
providing welds which are sound and suitable for the intended service.

5.1.5 The Contractor shall ensure that all persons under its direction involved with welding
are fully aware of requirements for welding and all welders and related foremen are in
possession of the appropriate WDS.
5.1.6 When welding of pipe materials Grade 550 or greater is required, the Company shall
have final approval regarding essential variables or changes prior to WPS development
or qualification.
5.1.7 Welding shall be performed using one or more of the following processes, either singly
or in combination; shielded metal arc welding, gas metal arc welding or flux cored arc
welding. Field Fabrication welding may also use the submerged arc welding process.
5.1.8 The Company may at its sole discretion provide the Contractor with a WDS
representing a pre-qualified WPS for some or all pipe grades and diameters specified
for the project for mainline, tie-in, weld-repair and field fabrication welding. The
Contractor may propose their own WPS for approval by the Company. The Contractor
shall be solely responsible for the performance and quality of welding performed using
the authorized WPSs.
5.1.9 Any Contractor proposed WPS shall be in accordance with the requirements of this
specification and shall be submitted to the Company for review and approval as
follows:
5.1.9.1 Must be accompanied with a completed Project Specific WDS. Use W-17
Mechanized Welding Procedure Datasheet (MPPCS-FORM-WDSA-015) or W-
17 Manual Welding Procedure Datasheet (MPPCS-FORM-WDSM-016)
depending on the Welding methodology (mechanized or manual).
5.1.9.2 Must be accompanied with a completed W-13 Pipeline Project WPS Matrix
(MPPCS-FORM-WPSA-014) outlining the intended use of the WPS /WDS.
5.1.9.3 Shall be submitted a minimum of 90 days prior to start of welder qualification.
5.1.10 A Contractor qualified WPS intended for mainline welding, weld-repair welding, or tie-in
welding shall be validated using Company supplied project specific pipe to ensure
suitability.
5.1.11 The Contractor shall designate a suitably qualified individual to monitor and document
welding essential variables and shall provide to the Company on a daily basis the
required documentation as outlined in section 11.4 - Contractor Documentation of
Compliance.
6 WELD CLASSIFICATION
6.1 Tack Welds
6.1.1 Tack welds shall be performed by qualified welders. The Company approved qualified
WPS for completed welds, including preheat requirements, shall be employed in
producing tack welds.
6.1.2 Tack welds shall be of a sufficient number, size and quality, to maintain alignment and
minimize the risk of breaking or otherwise compromising safety.
6.1.3 Tack welds shall only be permitted in the weld bevel area.

6.1.4 Bridge tacks shall be used for piping assemblies NPS 16 and larger. When bridge tack
welds are used, they shall be completed using a Company approved low hydrogen
WPS. Bridge tacks shall not be incorporated in the final weld. They shall be
completely removed by grinding prior to filling of the joint. Bridging material shall be
low carbon steel, generically similar to the base metals to be welded.
6.1.5 Root tacks may be used for piping assemblies smaller than NPS 16. Sound root tacks
made according to a Company approved WPS for the joint may be incorporated in the
final weld, provided complete penetration and fusion is obtained in the completed root
pass.
6.1.6 Root pass segments deposited using external line up clamps, in accordance with a
Company approved WPS, are not considered to be tack welds.
6.2 Groove Welds
6.2.1 The Company shall approve bevel preparations before the qualification of the WPS.
For pipe and components NPS 2 and larger, welded joints shall be made with single or
double groove butt joints.
6.3 Fillet Welds
6.3.1 It shall be permissible to use fillet welds in the form of socket welds for piping up to
NPS 1.5 only. When this method is used, gap-o-lets or their equivalent shall be used in
accordance with the manufacturers recommended practices. Fillet welds shall also be
used for reinforcement of branch connection groove welds. The weld faces being
joined shall be at an angle of 90° ± (1°) to each other unless otherwise specified by the
Company.
6.3.2 Welded outlets shall be attached using fillet reinforced groove welds. Low hydrogen
welding processes shall be used, except the root pass may be welded using cellulose
electrodes. All subsequent weld passes shall be completed using a low hydrogen
welding process and consumables. A minimum of 2 weld layers is mandatory. Where
approved by the Company, the second pass may also be welded using cellulose
electrodes.
6.3.3 Fillet welds shall be concave to slightly convex.
7 EQUIPMENT
7.1 General
7.1.1 All equipment shall be maintained in a condition that will ensure the continuity of
operation and safety of personnel.
7.1.2 Welding equipment shall be of a size and type suitable to produce welds in accordance
with this Specification and at a rate required to meet the project schedule. Any
equipment which, in the opinion of the Company, is found not adequate for safe and
productive welding construction, shall be replaced by the Contractor.
7.1.3 Inverter type welding power sources are preferred for welding tack rigs for root pass
welding due to their ability to maintain constant and steady welding power.
7.1.4 Arc welding equipment shall be operated within the amperage, voltage, travel speed
and heat input ranges specified in the Company approved WPS. Suitable means of
measuring welding amperage, voltage and travel speed shall be used by the Contractor
to monitor compliance with the qualified WPS.
7.1.5 Grounding devices shall be securely fastened to ensure freedom from arcing during
welding and shall be designed such that the grounding location is inside the joint bevel.
The grounding type and location during WPS qualification should be consistent with
field welding applications.
7.1.6 Roll welding techniques shall use a swivel type grounding device securely attached to
the assembly piping. Grounding devices shall not be attached to fittings or valves
unless approved by the Company.
7.1.7 Line up clamps shall be designed to avoid mechanical damage to the piping and to
maintain alignment within specified tolerances.
7.2 Mechanized Welding
7.2.1 Mechanized welding equipment utilized for production welding shall be the same type
and model used for WPS qualification. Pre-production welds will be performed utilizing
any and all equipment to be utilized for production welding.
7.2.2 When using a Mechanized welding system featuring an external root process with
internal copper back up, the internal clamp and backing system used in production
shall also be the same make and type used during procedure qualification.
7.2.3 When software driven, digitally controlled welding power sources and Contractor
proprietary digital interface are utilized for WPS qualification, the Contractor shall
ensure all power source manufacturer and equipment supplier interface software
revision numbers are maintained for production welding. This information shall be
available to the Company representative during WPS qualification and also during
production welding.
7.2.4 Welding shelters shall be provided for each welding station during external mechanized
welding. Shelters shall provide protection from inclement weather, adequate lighting,
electricity, ventilation and flooring (when suitable) to provide a safe working
environment, with sufficient space for a welder and helper on each side of the pipe. A
door shall be provided to access each side of the pipe.
7.2.5 If the AUT system selected for the project uses alignment bands that are the same as
used for mechanized welding, the Contractor shall ensure an adequate number of
welding/AUT bands are supplied so as not to impede daily AUT inspection work
progress at no incremental cost to the Company.
7.2.6 The Contractor shall ensure that any proprietary weld metal transfer waveform
technology, e.g. GMAW pulse transfer, is maintained as per the PQR. When
automated welding controls are enabled during WPS qualification, the Contractor shall
ensure that similar automation control is maintained for all production welding.
7.2.7 The use of auto work piece to contact tip height adjust and/or girth weld bevel tracking
automation shall be specified in the PQR. If the auto work piece to contact tip height
adjust and/or girth weld bevel tracking automation is not used during WPS qualification,
it may be used during production welding without additional qualification but not vice
versa.

8 MATERIALS
8.1 General
8.1.1 Only new filler metals and shielding gases consistent with the qualified WPS and
having prior approval from the Company shall be used. The Contractor shall ensure
that welding consumables from previous projects are removed from welding equipment
prior to the commencement of Work on Company projects.
8.2 Consumables
8.2.1 Consumables shall be certified by the Canadian Welding Bureau as conforming to CSA
Standard W48.1, W48.3, W48.4, W48.5 and W48.6; or having mechanical properties
that meet the requirements of the above standards.
8.2.2 The Contractor will organize storage facilities and implement storage, handling and
distribution procedures of welding consumables. The facilities shall be such that
moisture pick-up, oxidation or shipping/storage damage to the welding consumables
and the containers in which they are shipped does not occur. Consumables in opened
containers shall be protected from deterioration and those that show signs of
deterioration shall be disposed of. Any portion of a box or container found to be
damaged or damp shall be cause for rejection of the entire box or container. All welds
completed using suspect electrodes will be cut out and replaced at the expense of the
Contractor. Storage, exposure periods and reconditioning of electrodes shall be in
accordance with manufacturer’s recommendations.
8.2.3 Low hydrogen shielded metal arc welding electrodes, when removed from sealed
containers, shall be stored in cabinets at temperatures in the 120⁰C to 150⁰C range
before use. Low hydrogen SMAW electrodes exposed to atmospheric conditions for
more than one hour shall be re-dried before use in accordance with that electrodes
manufacturer's recommendations.
8.2.4 Low hydrogen GMAW, SAW, FCAW and MCAW wire consumables shall be stored as
per manufacturer’s recommendations. Any consumables found with rust, moisture,
damage and/or deterioration shall not be used. Any production welds completed with
damaged or unsuitable consumables shall be removed and replaced at the expense of
the Contractor.
8.2.5 The Company reserves the right to unilaterally prohibit the use of materials that it
deems unsuitable for proper performance of the Work.
8.2.6 Welding Filler Metal Usage
8.2.6.1 Internal back-welding weld repairs shall be completed with low hydrogen
consumables in accordance with the Company approved WPS.
8.2.6.2 Production welds shall be completed using the same brand name and CSA filler
metal and flux classifications as used during WPS qualification unless otherwise
approved by the company.
8.2.6.3 For submerged arc welding, all fluxes and electrodes shall be approved by the
Company. The Contractor shall state within the intended WPS; the flux method of
manufacture, the flux activeness and classification for approval by the Company.

8.2.6.4 All welds including butt welds, fillet welds, weld-repair welds and branch
connection welds shall be made using a low hydrogen process. Cellulose coated
electrodes may be used for the following weld applications:
a. The root pass and second pass of butt welds;
b. The root pass and second pass of through wall weld repairs;
c. All passes of butt welds joining pipe to pipe when the pipe SMYS is less
than or equal to 386 MPa;
d. All passes of butt welds joining pipe to pipe when the pipe SMYS is greater
than 386 MPa and the pipe wall thickness is less than 16mm nominal; or
e. All passes of pipe to component, and component to component welds

where:
• Base metals are plain carbon ASME P-No. 1 steels with SMYS less
than or equal to 386 MPa;
• Electrode SMTS is less than or equal to 480 MPa; and
• System pressure rating is PN 50 or lower.
8.3 Shielding Gases
8.3.1 Shielding gases shall be approved by the Company.
8.3.2 If carbon dioxide is used as a shielding gas, it shall have a purity of at least 99.5% and
shall have a dew point of –34⁰ C or lower. Certificates attesting to this shall be
provided by the Contractor.
8.3.3 Shielding gases shall be kept in the containers in which they are supplied and shall be
stored adequately to prevent exposure to extremes of temperature. Gases shall not be
intermixed in their containers and those that have questionable quality or are in
containers that show damage shall not be used.
8.3.4 Gas flow regulators for the appropriate shielding gas shall be used and shall be kept in
good working condition such that the shielding gas flow rate is as required by the
approved WPS.
8.4 Pipe and Components
8.4.1 The Company supplied large diameter fittings, pipe bends, and pipe may be
manufactured under standards having tolerances that may result in mismatch of weld
ends due to variations in diameter, wall thickness and out-of-roundness. The amount
of mismatch may require a back-welding WPS to be implemented. This is not an
abnormal condition, particularly on heavy wall thickness material.
9 QUALIFICATION OF WELDING PROCEDURE SPECIFICATIONS
9.1 General
9.1.1 For WPS qualification purposes, welding operations have been classified as follows:
• Mainline welding;
• Tie-in welding;
• Mainline and tie-in weld-repair welding, including back welding;
• Field fabrication welding; and

• Field fabrication weld-repair welding.
9.1.2 Approved and qualified WPS shall be developed by the Contractor in accordance to the
requirements of CSA Z662 and this Specification. The Company may at its sole
discretion provide the Contractor with a pre-qualified WPS for some or all pipe grades
and diameters specified for the project. The Contractor shall be solely responsible for
the performance and quality of welding performed using the authorized WPS.
9.1.3 It is the intent of Enbridge that welding procedure qualification for pipeline welding
replicates the intended welding practices to be implemented in production.
Qualification welding shall simulate production welding as closely as practical including
the effects of ambient conditions and pipe stresses.
9.1.4 Unless specifically approved otherwise by the Company, all SMAW bevel preparations
shall be 30 ° (+5°, -0°).
9.1.5 Processes, bevel design and alignment, consumables and welders used for WPS
qualifications shall be approved by the Company, and shall be in accordance with CSA
Z662, this Specification and referenced documents. WPS qualification essential
changes shall be as defined by CSA Z662 and this section of this Specification. In
addition to the requirements specified in CSA Z662 the following essential changes
shall be applied during WPS qualifications:
9.2 Electrode Selection
9.2.1 SMAW and Mechanized PGMAW/GMAW Welding consumable selections should be in

accordance with Table 1A and 1B. Alternative consumable selections shall be
approved by the Company.
9.2.2 FCAW, MCAW, and SAW consumable selection shall be subject to Company approval.
9.2.3 Welding consumable tensile strength levels shall be specified by the Company for pipe
base materials greater than Grade 483 MPa
Table 1A – For Material Grade > 386 MPa < 483 MPa
SMAW SMAW SMAW MECHANIZED (P)GMAW
APPLICATION ROOT SECOND FILL/CAP ALL PASSES
PASS PASS PASS
Maingang, Poorboy, EXX10-G or EXX10-G or As Determined by
E6010
Section & Tie-ins P1 P1 Company
Weld-repairs Through- EXX10-G or
wall E6010 E8018-C3 N/A
P1
Weld-repairs Partial
NA NA E8018-C3 N/A
Through-wall
Backweld Weld-repairs As Determined by
E8018-C3 N/A N/A
Company

Table 1B – For Material Grade ≤ 386 MPa
SMAW SMAW SMAW MECHANIZED

APPLICATION ROOT SECOND PASS FILL/CAP PASS GMAW ALL
PASS PASSES
Maingang, Poorboy,
E6010 EXX10-G or P1 EXX10-G or P1 N/A
Section & Tie-ins
Weld-repairs Through-wall E6010 EXX10-G or P1 EXX10-G or P1 N/A
Weld-repairs Partial
NA NA EXX10-G or P1 N/A
Through-wall
Backweld Weld-repairs E7018-1 N/A N/A N/A
9.3 Maximum Travel Speed
9.3.1 Root passes completed utilizing the SMAW process shall be limited to a maximum of
457 mm/min (18 inches/min.
9.4 Minimum Interpass Temperatures
9.4.1 Interpass temperatures shall be qualified in accordance with Table 2 below.
9.4.2 Consideration may be given by the Company to lower interpass temperature values if
the root pass is deposited with a low hydrogen welding consumable or process.
9.4.3 Mechanized GMAW/PGMAW techniques shall be qualified using a minimum interpass

temperature of 50ºC. Consideration should be given to qualify an additional high
interpass (150-180°C) temperature.
9.4.4 Field Fabrication welding shall have a minimum interpass temperature of 150°C for all
piping wall thicknesses greater than 12.7 mm.
Table 2 –Minimum Interpass Temperatures
Wall Thickness mm Outside Diameter – mm
60.3-88.1 114.3-219.1 273.1-323.9 355.6-406.4 Over 406.4
Under 4.78 38°C 38°C 38°C 66°C 93°C

4.78 to 9.53 38°C 38°C 66°C 93°C 121°C
9.54 to 12.70 38°C 66°C 93°C 121°C 121°C
12.7 to 23.0 66°C 93°C 121°C 121°C 121°C
9.5 Maximum Time Interval between Weld Passes
9.5.1 Maximum time intervals shall be specified in the WPS as suggested below in Table 3.
Any specified time interval beyond those specified in table 3 shall require qualification
and will be limited to a maximum of the duration recorded during procedure
qualification.

Table 3 – Maximum allowable Time Intervals Between Weld Passes
TIME INTERVAL
10 MINUTES MAXIMUM ROOT PASS TO SECOND PASS
1 HOUR MAXIMUM SECOND PASS TO FILL PASS
24 HOURS MAXIMUM FILL PASS TO CAP PASS
9.6 Mainline Welding Procedure Specification Qualification
9.6.1 During WPS qualification, field weld interpass temperature cycles shall be simulated as
closely as possible. At the completion of the second pass and the completion of the
first fill pass, welds shall be allowed to cool to ambient temperature. Welds shall then
be reheated to maintain minimum interpass temperature prior to depositing further weld
passes.
9.6.2 Mechanized welding procedures shall specify a maximum cap width. This cap width
may be calculated as 6mm beyond the groove width at the top of the joint or as proven
during weld procedure qualification.
9.6.3 Mechanized welding procedures utilizing an external root process with copper back up
shall specify maximum tolerances for root gap and misalignment during fit-up. These
maximum values shall be proven during procedure qualification to ensure no risk of
copper inclusion during field welding. Changes in the maximum gap and misalignment
shall be essential changes requiring re-qualification.
9.6.4 As a part of the mechanized WPS qualification process, a specified number of

consecutive qualification welds (the number of welds will be determined by the
Company) will be non-destructively tested. These welds shall meet the requirements of
the defect acceptance criteria defined by the Company.
9.7 Mainline Weld-Repair Welding Procedure Specification Qualification
9.7.1 The Weld-repair Welding Procedure qualification shall consist of:

• A simulated through wall repair of a girth weld; and
• A simulated back-weld repair of a girth weld, if applicable.
9.7.2 Only low hydrogen welding consumables shall be permitted for back welding. SMAW
and GMAW back welding WPS’s shall be inspected to established workmanship criteria
or other criteria defined by the Company. For back welds using semi-automatic
GMAW, the essential changes utilized in the qualified mechanized WPS shall match
the semi-automatic WPS.
9.7.3 Weld-repair welds shall be completed as follows and a drawing of the test assembly is
shown in Figure 1
9.7.3.1 Q1 and Q3 shall be a through wall weld-repair simulation.
9.7.3.2 Q2 and Q4 shall be a back-weld weld-repair over a root pass excavation

approximately 1.5 mm deep and 150 mm long, using low hydrogen consumables.

9.7.4 Weld-repair WPS shall be completed using 121⁰C minimum preheat and interpass
temperature.
9.7.5 The fills and cap passes of weld-repair welds shall be made using low hydrogen
welding processes except for materials with Grades up to 386 inclusive where cellulose
consumables are permitted. The root pass shall be completed using E6010 electrodes.
The second pass may be welded with cellulose electrodes.
9.7.6 Each through-wall weld-repair WPS shall be qualified with both non-destructive and
destructive tests as specified in Clause 9.11 and 9.12 of this Specification. An equal
number of specimens shall be removed from each through-wall quadrant. For wall
thickness greater than 12.7 mm, four side bend specimens shall be substituted for the
face and root bends.
9.7.7 Back weld weld-repair qualifications shall be mechanically tested by completing a

transverse hardness survey as described in clause 9.12.1.3.
9.8 Tie-in WPS Qualification
9.8.1 If a mainline welding WPS is deemed unsuitable for tie-in welding, then a tie-in
welding WPS will be developed and qualified.
9.9 Field Fabrication WPS Qualification
9.9.1 Field fabrication WPS shall be qualified according to these Specifications and:
9.9.1.1 CSA Z662; or
9.9.1.2 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section IX (hereinafter referred to as
ASME IX) with CSA Z662 compliance.
9.9.2 Field fabrication welding shall have a minimum interpass temperature of 150⁰C for all
piping wall thicknesses greater than 12.7 mm.
9.9.3 Welding processes used for field fabrication welds are restricted to SMAW, GMAW,
FCAW, and SAW.
9.9.4 Field fabrication WPS qualification tests shall include additional examination in
accordance with 9.12.1.2 and 9.12.1.3.
9.10 Field Fabrication Weld-Repair WPS Qualification
9.10.1 If the Contractor proposes a field fabrication weld-repair WPS that is different from that
qualified for use on mainline and tie-in welds, the Contractor shall qualify the proposed
field fabrication weld-repair WPS in the same manner as described for mainline and tie-
in weld-repair WPS.
9.10.2 Minimum preheat and interpass temperature for a field fabrication weld-repair WPS
shall be 121⁰C except as specified in 9.4.4.
9.11 Non-destructive Testing of WPS Test Coupons

9.11.1 Immediately after welding, each WPS qualification test coupon shall be visually
examined and fully radiographed or ultrasonically tested. Non-destructive techniques
shall be similar to those to be used for inspection of production welding. Acceptance
criteria shall be as stated in CSA Z662 Section 7 unless otherwise directed by the
Company. Welding procedure specifications previously qualified in accordance with
ASME Section IX without being fully radiographed or ultrasonically tested before
destructive testing may be approved for use.
9.11.2 All SMAW WPS qualification test coupons shall be left for at least 18 hours prior to
NDT. After this time period:
9.11.2.1 Each WPS qualification test coupon shall be completely re-evaluated using the
non-destructive testing techniques, radiographic or ultrasonic, used for the initial
evaluation.
9.11.2.2 Each root pass shall be examined for evidence of cracking by the magnetic
particle method, using wet fluorescent or black and white colour contrast
indicating mediums.
9.12 Destructive Testing of WPS Qualification Test Coupons
9.12.1 Following successful completion of non-destructive examinations, WPS test coupons

shall be destructively tested according to the requirements of CSA Z662, or ASME IX
as applicable, and the following requirements.
9.12.1.1 Non-destructive testing shall not be used to define sound areas of the weld for
destructive testing.
9.12.1.2 Impact tests shall be conducted on the weld metal and HAZ of each WPS
qualification test coupon. An impact test shall consist of the breaking of three
impact specimens at or below the test temperature designated by the Company.
Impact specimens shall be of the largest obtainable size and shall be removed
transverse to the weld axis. Minimum absorbed energy for full size samples shall
be an average of 27 Joules with no one value less than 20 Joules. This may be
reduced for sub size samples in accordance with the reduction ratios provided by
CSA Z245.1. Charpy impact tests shall be conducted according to the ASME
Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, Division 1, Paragraph UG-84,
using samples obtained from approximately the three o'clock position. Impact test
reports shall include absorbed energy and shear area. For mechanized welding,
energy absorption for weld metal specimens shall not be less than 40 Joules. For
mechanized welding processes, crack tip opening displacement (CTOD) tests
shall be performed and such tests will be arranged by the Company. Testing shall
be performed in accordance with CSA Z662 Annex K at a test temperature to be
defined by the Company. The measured CTOD and related test data such as
load-displacement curves shall be reported for each specimen.
9.12.1.3 A cross-sectional hardness survey shall be made 1 mm below each of the inside
diameter and the outside diameter surfaces using a Vickers Diamond Pyramid
Indenter with a 10 kg load. The survey shall be taken across the weld metal, both
coarse grained HAZ and parent metal on both sides of the weld. HAZ
indentations shall be placed in the hardest appearing structures, such as those
located adjacent to the toe of the cap or root pass, even if these structures do not
coincide precisely with the line of the survey. Maximum hardness shall be 305 Hv
for manual and semi-automatic welding processes and 325 Hv for mechanized
process. For mechanized welding processes, isolated readings up to 350 Hv may

be accepted provided that two additional tests in the same area are 325 Hv or
less.
9.12.1.4 For mechanized welding processes intended for qualification in accordance with
CSA Z662 Annex K, two transverse weld tensile test specimens shall be
machined from a location adjacent to one of the tensile test specimens required in
CSA Z662. The specimens shall be prepared in the same manner as required by
CSA Z662 except that the reinforcement shall be removed from both sides of the
specimen. The specimen shall be pulled in the same manner as required for
tensile testing of the specimens in CSA Z662. The yield strength of each
specimen shall be equal to or greater than the specified minimum yield strength of
the pipe material.
9.12.1.5 The facility chosen by the Contractor for mechanical testing, and the metallurgist
of record shall be approved by the Company prior to its use.
10 WELDER QUALIFICATION
10.1 General
10.1.1 Each welder employed by the Contractor to work on the pipeline system shall be skilled
and qualified for the type and methods of welding they will do, in accordance with CSA
Z662, and this Specification.
10.1.2 Welders shall qualify by demonstrating their ability to produce acceptable welds in
accordance with the Company approved WPS for the particular welding configuration
or application to be used in production welding.
10.1.3 No welder shall carry out any phase or type of welding for which they have not been
tested and accepted by the Company as qualified.
10.1.4 Welders failing to meet the minimum requirements of this Specification after testing
shall not be permitted to retest for a period of thirty days.
10.1.5 Welders qualifying for field fabrication welding shall meet the requirements of the
ASME IX or CSA Z662 as required by the applicable WPS.
10.1.6 Welders intended for use at tie-ins shall also be qualified for weld-repair welding,
unless otherwise authorized by the Company.

Q4 Q1
Back Weld Through-
wall
Q3 Q2
Through- Back Weld
wall
Figure 1: Weld-repair WPS Qualification Test Assembly
10.1.7 No welder qualification shall be permitted on field production welds unless

preauthorized in writing by the Company.
10.2 Test Requirements
10.2.1 Each welder and welding operator shall be qualified by both visual and radiographic or
ultrasonic testing as permitted by CSA Z662. Acceptance criteria shall be as stated in
CSA Z662. Each WPS qualification test coupon shall then be set aside and retained
for further examination by the Company. Such further examinations are not considered
part of the performance qualification tests.
10.2.2 Pipe material used for welder qualification testing will be provided by the Company.
10.2.3 Before starting qualification tests, welders shall be given training sufficient to allow
them to obtain adequate skills to produce acceptable welds on a consistent basis.
10.2.4 All test welds shall be witnessed by the Company and failure to comply with the WPS
shall be cause for rejection.
10.2.5 The Contractor shall notify the Company at least 72 hours prior to carrying out welder
qualification tests to allow the Company to assure witness of the welding and arrange
for Company qualified NDT.
10.2.6 Test welds shall be produced in accordance with the Company approved WPS, by
each welder, and shall be radiographically and/or ultrasonically inspected using
techniques similar to those to be used for inspection of production welding.
10.2.7 For the purpose of welder qualification testing with an outside diameter greater than
323.9 mm, the terminology “weld” shall mean one half of the total pipe circumference
and pipe with an outside diameter 323.9 mm or less, the terminology “weld” shall mean
the entire pipe circumference.
10.2.8 For mainline welding process/techniques other than conventional manual SMAW,
consistency shall be based upon, and qualification shall be dependent upon, the welder
completing three successive acceptable test welds. Two qualification welds shall be
completed on the mainline project thickness and one weld shall be completed on the
heaviest pipe thickness that will be welded. When multiple mainline wall thicknesses
are encountered, any of the mainline thicknesses may be selected by the Company for
qualification purposes.
10.2.9 For conventional manual SMAW, consistency shall be based upon, and qualification
shall be dependent upon, the welder completing one acceptable test weld.
10.2.10 For mechanized welding systems that use external root pass techniques, the welder
shall qualify by welding all weld passes.
10.2.11 For mechanized welding systems that use internal root pass techniques, the welder
shall qualify by welding all external weld passes.
10.2.12 For mechanized welding with an internal line up clamp, operators/welders operating the
internal welding equipment shall be suitably trained by the Contractor on the safe
operation of the equipment. These operator/welders shall be qualified on the root pass
of the mechanized welding line up clamp as well as all external weld passes.
10.2.13 Welders performing weld-repairs shall be qualified in accordance with the approved
through wall weld-repair WPS and shall simulate a ‘full through wall’ weld-repair. This
test shall also qualify them for ‘partial through wall’ weld-repairs. A separate
qualification shall be performed for back-weld weld-repairs.
10.2.14 The full through wall weld-repair welding test shall consist of simulating two full-
through-wall weld-repair welds on a previously completed test weld, with the pipe in the
horizontal - fixed position. Two sections, one located approximately at the 12 – 2
o’clock position and one located approximately at the 4 – 6 o’clock position, shall have
the weld metal removed by grinding to a depth that permits re-welding of the root pass.
The width of the weld-repair section shall be a maximum of 3.2 mm wider on each side
(toe) of the original groove. Each section ground out shall be subsequently repaired
from the root pass through to the cap pass, using an approved WPS.
10.2.15 The back-weld weld-repair welding test shall consist of simulating two back-weld weld-
repairs on a previously completed test weld, with the pipe in the horizontal-fixed
position. Two sections, one located approximately at the 10 – 12 o’clock position and
one located approximately at the 6 – 8 o’clock position shall have the weld metal
removed by grinding to a depth that permits re-welding of the root pass. The width of
the weld-repair section shall be approximately that of the original root pass.
10.2.16 The length of each weld-repair segment is dependent on pipe outside diameter as
shown in Table 4.
Table 4: Minimum Length of Weld Repair Segments

Pipe Outside Diameter OD Minimum Length of Weld-Repair Segments
Greater Than 323.9 mm 150 mm
323.9mm or Less 100 mm
NOTE: Small diameter pipes may require the use of more than one test weld to complete the two
segments.

10.2.17 Weld-repair welders shall be evaluated according to the visual and radiographic or
ultrasonic requirements of CSA Z662, or the destructive testing requirements of the
Company.
10.2.18 The Contractor shall prepare and maintain a list of welders, their qualifications in
accordance to which WPS tested, and the date of qualification, which shall be updated
after any change of welding personnel and submitted to the Company.
10.2.19 Each welder shall be assigned a unique number to identify their welding. No other
welder shall receive the same number and if a welder is terminated or leaves the
project the number shall not be reassigned. The Contractor shall provide a list of
qualified welders with corresponding numbers to the Company.
10.2.20 If, in the opinion of the Company, the failure of a welder to pass a test was because of
unavoidable conditions or conditions beyond the welder’s control, such a welder may
be given a second opportunity to qualify. No further retest shall be given.
10.2.21 A welder may be required to re-qualify at any time, if in the opinion of the Company,
there is any reasonable doubt about the ability to produce acceptable welds.
10.2.22 Welders who have already qualified for mechanized welding on the project and have
not welded for a period of 90 days from their last production or qualification weld shall
be required to complete a check test. Check tests shall consist of a single weld,
inspected with the project specific acceptance criteria. Failed check tests shall require
additional welder training and a second check test. A failed second check tests shall
require complete welder re-qualification.
11 PRODUCTION WELDING
11.1 General
11.1.1 The welding of piping in accordance with this Specification shall be performed using
qualified welders in accordance with the Company approved qualified WPS.
Production welding shall not be performed when conditions encountered exceed the
limits stated in the WPS.
11.1.2 It is required that all welders receive a copy of each WDS that applies to their particular
welding duties to ensure they are aware of what practices must be followed. All welders
shall have a copy of their particular WDS in their possession except that for
mechanized welding the WDS shall be posted inside the welding shacks.
11.1.3 The Contractor shall suitably train their personnel in the use and safety aspects of the
facing/bevel machine before starting production welding.
11.1.4 When manually welding externally coated pipe, the Contractor shall place a sheet of
non-flammable material with a minimum width of 400 mm on each side of the weld to
prevent weld spatter from damaging the coating. When using mechanized welding
processes, the Contractor shall place a sheet of non-flammable material with a
minimum width of 400 mm on the side of the weld opposite the welding band.
11.1.5 Subsequent to initial NDT inspection, and at the Company’s discretion, production
welds may be held for 1 additional day for post weld inspection at no incremental cost
to the Company.
11.1.6 Tie-in welds shall not be NDT inspected until they are cool to touch.
11.1.7 To facilitate NDT and to allow access across the Construction Right-of-Way to animals
and landowners, the Contractor shall be required to provide open-ended sections as
approved by the Company.
11.1.8 Manufacturer’s pipe joint numbers, pup length and heat numbers shall be transferred
to each length of pipe (pup), on both the ID and OD, cut from any full joint of pipe.
Identification shall be made by suitable marking using indelible permanent marking
crayons.
11.2 Weather Conditions
11.2.1 Welding shall not be performed when in the opinion of the Company the quality of
completed welds could be impaired by prevailing weather conditions including, but not
limited to: extreme cold, rain and snow, blowing sand or high winds. Windbreaks, of a
type that will provide adequate protection to the weld and welder, shall be used when,
in the opinion of the Company, such equipment is required.
11.2.2 If using gas shielded welding processes all welding shall be carried out within welding
shelters designed to protect the welding/work environment from being exposed to
detrimental ambient conditions.
11.2.3 If using gas shielded welding processes, skidding of the pipe shall permit complete
enclosure of the welding/work environment
11.3 Cold Weather Welding
11.3.1 When cellulosic consumables are used for any pass of a weld made during cold
weather construction, as defined by this specification, the following additional
requirements shall apply to the weld in its entirety:
11.3.1.1 Double up welders on fill and cap pass (i.e. brother-in-law) all diameters greater
than 323.9 mm OD.
11.3.1.2 Completed welds and an area extending at least 50 mm on each side of the weld,
shall be tightly wrapped with company approved thermal blankets. Removal of
blankets is not permitted until the weld and surrounding pipe area has reached a
temperature of 50°C
11.4 Contractor Documentation of Compliance
11.4.1 The Contractor shall continuously monitor and document bevel dimensions, based on
the dimensions provided within the Company approved WPS. The frequency of
checking and form of documentation shall be established by the Contractor and shall
be submitted for approval by the Company before the start of production welding. As a
minimum the bevels shall be checked 3 times daily, and the frequency increased if
problems are found or welding problems occur due to bevel preparation.
11.4.2 The Contractor shall use calibrated monitoring equipment for the measurement of
welding amperage and voltage. Calibration shall be performed before production
welding and shall be re-calibrated every 12 months minimum. Calibration records shall
be provided to the Company for review and acceptance.
11.4.3 The Contractor shall continuously monitor welding to ensure compliance with the
requirements of this Specification. Documentation of compliance verifications shall be

made and shall be submitted to the Company on a daily basis. The following minimum
daily documentation shall be completed by the Contractor.
11.4.3.1 Mainline Welding (Including Maingang, Poorboy and Section Crews)

 FRONT-END (Pipe gang): Two welds; from each weld take one root pass
parameter set plus one second pass parameter set. In addition, documentation of
preheat and interpass temperature for the circumference of the weld is required.
 BACK-END (Firing Line): Two welds; from each weld take one fill pass parameter
set plus one cap pass parameter set. In addition, documentation of preheat and
interpass temperature for the circumference of the weld is required.
 MECHANIZED WELDING: in addition to the above requirements for front-end
and back-end parameter checks, data acquisition files recording welding
parameters shall be backed up daily to an external drive and saved as a file
identifying the date of production. The external drive(s) shall be turned over to
the company whenever requested and finally upon completion of welding
operations on the project.
NOTE: Parameter set shall include the amperage, voltage, travel speed and
calculated heat input. On back-end rotate through all weld passes weekly. Identify all
parameter locations by weld number, weld pass and weld procedure used. Other
data shall be documented including but not limited to wire heat number, gas types
and flow rates, power source manufacturer and equipment supplier interface software
revision numbers, as applicable.
11.4.3.2 Weld-Repair Welding

 One weld, the amperage, voltage, travel speed (if possible) and calculated heat
input. Identify all parameter locations by weld number, weld pass and weld
procedure used. In addition documentation of the preheat is required. Other data
shall be documented including but not limited to electrode classification handling
and storage.
11.4.3.3 Tie-In Welding

 One weld, the amperage, voltage, travel speed and calculated heat input for any
two weld passes. Rotate through all weld passes weekly. Identify all parameter
locations by weld number, weld pass and weld procedure used. Other data shall
be documented including but not limited to preheat/interpass temperature for the
circumference of the weld and electrode classification.
11.4.4 The Company reserves the right to change the daily documentation requirements if
quality or other issues dictate a change would be beneficial to resolving welding
problems or situations.
11.5 Welding Performance Requirements
11.5.1 The Contractor shall take every precaution to produce welds that meet the
requirements of these Specifications. Should the number of welds failing to meet these
Specifications exceed 15 percent, based on total production for one full working day,
the Company reserves the right to suspend the welding operation until the problem is

identified and corrective measures are submitted by the Contractor for the Company's
approval at no incremental cost to the Company.
11.5.2 The Company reserves the right to unilaterally remove a welder from production, who
in the opinion of the Company is responsible for an unacceptable level of defects or
weld-repairs.
11.6 Preparation of Pipe
11.6.1 Preparation of pipe shall require that all piping ends that are to form a part of the
welded joint shall be cleaned to sound metal immediately before welding to ensure
complete removal of all paint, grease, oxide, rust and any other extraneous matter.
Cleaning shall extend for at least 25 mm from the piping edges on both internal and
external surfaces.
11.6.2 The Contractor shall re-cut, re-bevel and re-clean, all pipe ends in accordance with the
Company approved WPS and this Specification, as may be necessary to maintain
correct alignment and spacing at no incremental cost to the Company unless previously
agreed to in writing.
11.6.3 All bevels shall be cut straight and even and be finished smooth and uniform with no
rough surfaces.
11.6.4 Stockpiled pipe will be provided with longitudinal and spiral DSAW seams ground
smooth (+0.50 mm, -0 mm) and pipe coating removed for a distance of 120 mm from
the bevel edge, with a smooth transition to the weld reinforcement.
11.6.5 Where factory pipe ends have been removed, the longitudinal and spiral seam welds
shall be ground smooth (+0.1 mm, -0 mm), both internally and externally, and the
coating shall be removed for a distance of:
11.6.5.1 12 mm from the edge of the bevel if the joint is intended for manual welding; or
11.6.5.2 120 mm from the edge of the bevel if the joint is intended for mechanized welding
and/or AUT inspection.
11.6.6 Bevelled ends shall comply with the angles, dimensions and geometry specified in the
qualified and Company approved WPS.
11.6.7 For mechanized GMAW all field bevels shall be cut by a machine tool (bevelling/milling
cutter). All other bevels shall be made with a machine tool or a mechanical flame
cutting machine. Hand bevelling is not permitted. Free-hand manual flame cutting or
bevelling is not permitted.
11.6.8 Any lamination or split end discovered on the bevelled end of a pipe or pup, before or
during welding, shall be completely removed followed by re-bevelling to the
requirements of the Company approved WPS. Laminations or split ends removed from
piping components shall be provided to the Company for disposition.
11.6.9 Burns, small scores, indentations, burrs, gouges, dents, unfinished machining or other
defects within the joint preparation area shall be removed by light filing or grinding to
the satisfaction of the Company. If a satisfactory joint preparation cannot be achieved
by blending out discontinuities with a grinder, the bevel shall be re-prepared.
11.6.10 No welding repair of bevels shall be permitted.

11.6.11 Preparation for welding of pipes of different wall thickness shall be in accordance with
the requirements of this Specification. Mechanized welding of different nominal wall
thickness pipe shall be evaluated using standards of acceptability specified in CSA
Z662 Clause 7 as applicable.
11.6.12 If the difference in nominal wall thickness of adjoining pipes exceeds 1.0 mm,
transitioning of the thicker pipe down to the thinner pipe shall be required. The design
of such transitioning shall accommodate the welding technique and the non-destructive
examination technique, without any additional set-up or delays. The Contractor shall
note that a counter bore and taper design is the required transition design for all welds
inspected using an ultrasonic inspection technique.
11.6.13 When back bevel tapered transitions are permitted by the Company, radiographic weld
inspection testing techniques are required. Final radiographic inspection shall not be
completed until a minimum 18 hours after the completion of the weld.
11.6.14 For welding applications that are inspected using ultrasonic inspection, the Contractor
shall clean the weld and surrounding surface area 100 mm on each side of the weld to
a surface finish suitable for ultrasonic inspection.
11.6.15 For final tie-ins joining pipe with unequal nominal wall thickness, a minimum 100 mm
counter bore with a 30° taper shall be used, subject to compliance with strength and
thickness requirements. All transitioning designs shall be approved by the Company
before the start of production welding.
11.6.16 All counter bore and tapered and back bevel tapered transitions shall be reported to the
company prior to welding to permit the Company to visually inspect the preparation. All
transitions shall be visually inspected and approved by the Company.
11.6.17 During pipe end preparation work, all waste metal shall be gathered and removed from
the Construction Right-of-Way on a daily basis for appropriate disposal. When a
portable machine tool is being used, this Work shall be done over a tarpaulin laid out to
collect the shavings. When a bevelling torch is used, the metal pieces shall be picked
up after each cut. An alternative magnetic pick up procedure may be required if the
tarpaulin collection method is found by the Company to be unsuccessful.
11.7 Alignment, Fit Up and Support
11.7.1 Line-up clamps shall be used in accordance with the approved WPS. Care shall be
taken when using line-up clamps to minimize stress at the pipe ends.
11.7.2 Where mainline welding is performed using internal line-up clamps, external line-up
clamps shall only be permitted on pipe sections containing 8 pipe joints or less, unless
otherwise permitted by the Company.
11.7.3 External line-up clamps shall be used for tie-in welds. Root pass segments shall be
spaced uniformly around the full circumference for the joint and, where practical, shall
have a cumulative length of at least 50% of the joint circumference before clamp
removal.
11.7.4 Internal line-up clamps shall be used for all mainline production welding for pipe with
OD greater than or equal to 323.9 mm and shall not be removed until, as a minimum,
the root pass has been 100% completed.

11.7.5 Alignment of abutting ends shall minimize the offset between surfaces. For pipe of the
same nominal wall thickness, the maximum offset shall be 1.6 mm. Any greater offset,
provided it is caused by dimensional variations, shall be distributed around the
circumference of the joint with the least offset at the top and bottom of the joint.
11.7.6 The use of wedges to correct minor out-of-roundness and high-low shall not be
permitted unless approved by the Company.
11.7.7 Longitudinal and skelp end welds in adjacent lengths of welded pipe shall be offset by a
minimum of 50 mm. Longitudinal seams shall be located at the top quadrant of the
pipe, except for bends.
11.7.8 Materials such as bevel shavings, dirt, snow, ice, water and other foreign substances
shall be removed from the pipe before alignment for welding.
11.7.9 Contamination of the weld by detrimental materials welded into the weld joint shall be
cause for rejection of the weld affected.
11.7.10 All branch type attachments shall be located at least 50 mm from circumferential or
longitudinal seam welds unless otherwise approved by the Company.
11.7.11 Movement of the pipe joint shall be minimized until the root pass is 100% completed
and, for SMAW welding, the second pass has been made for at least the specified
minimum distance required by nominal pipe size on the bottom of the weld joint (see
clause 11.8.1). Lifting of the pipe to facilitate set-up of the subsequent joint shall only
be permitted if the root pass plus the minimum distance of second pass are completed
on the bottom of the weld joint.
11.7.12 During the final weld at a tie-in location, the pipe shall be fully supported by sidebooms
until a minimum of one fill pass is completed. Further, the pipe shall remain fully
supported by skidding or other Company approved methods such that the pipe is not
moved until all of the fill passes are completed.
11.7.13 Final tie-in welds shall be fully supported such that the pipe is not moved until all weld
fill passes are complete.
11.8 Removal of Line-up Clamps
11.8.1 When manual welding, internal line-up clamps shall not be removed until the second
pass has been completed. for the minimum length indicated in Table 5. This length of
second pass shall be centered across the bottom of the weld (~5:00 to ~7:00 location)
Table 5: Minimum Lengths of Second Pass Prior to Clamp Removal

Pipe Outside Diameter OD Minimum Length of Second Pass
610 mm and Greater 250 mm
Less Than 610 mm to 323.9 mm Inclusive 150 mm
Less Than 323.9 mm Not Required
11.8.2 The requirement for the minimum length of second pass deposited prior to movement
of the pipe or removal of line-up clamp may be waived by the Company when using
mechanized GMAW or for smaller diameter applications.

11.9 Preheating
11.9.1 Preheat shall be measured by calibrated contact thermometer or tempil-stick

immediately before the start of welding.
11.9.2 For production welds the preheat temperature shall extend around the entire
circumference of the pipe and shall be measured at locations with a minimum distance
of 50mm from the production weld. For weld-repair welds the preheat temperature shall
be evenly distributed around the weld-repair and shall be measured at a location with a
distance of 150mm from the weld-repair area.
11.9.3 Preheating of the pipe shall be performed using the Company approved methods as
specified on the approved WPS.
11.9.4 Preheating of the pipe shall be such that the minimum interpass temperature is
maintained on the entire circumference of the joint throughout the completion of the
welding pass.
11.9.5 During root and second pass welding, under no circumstances shall the minimum
temperature get below the minimum interpass temperature from the start of the root
pass until after the completion of the second pass. Reheating is permitted before the
start of the fill/cap passes
11.9.6 During completion of the weld, the joint shall be maintained at a temperature between
the minimum and maximum interpass temperatures and shall be checked using
temperature indicating crayons, or direct contact thermometers, immediately before
and during the full welding operation. No welding shall take place unless the minimum
interpass temperature is maintained. The heating of local areas (hot spots) above the
upper limit of preheating, as identified on the approved WPS, is not permitted.
11.9.7 When welding on valve assemblies preheating close to valve bodies shall be
conducted in accordance with valve manufacturer’s Specifications. As a minimum,
insulation or other non-flammable material shall be placed in both ends of the valve
bore to protect seals and seats from weld spatter and debris.
11.9.8 When welding on valve assemblies preheat and weld interpass temperatures shall be
restricted to the weld zone to ensure that valve seats are not damaged.
11.9.9 When welding on valve assemblies preheating of valves shall be applied on the outside
surface of the valve. Heating from the inside shall not be permitted.
11.9.10 The Contractor shall ensure that the application of preheat does not damage the pipe
coating. Care shall be taken to prevent overheating, and no part of the area shall be
heated more than 200°C. Should over heating of the pipe material occur, in the opinion
of the Company, the damaged pipe end shall be cut off as a pup and re-bevelled with
the appropriate bevel configuration at the expense of the Contractor.
11.10 Welding Sequence
11.10.1 Weld layer sequencing shall be completed as qualified within the Company approved
WPS.
11.10.2 The minimum number of root pass and second pass welders shall be two for pipe
greater than 323.9 mm OD. One root bead and one second pass welder may be used
for pipe 323.9 mm OD and less.

11.10.3 Root pass welding shall only commence after ensuring that the parts to be joined are
adequately secured against movement.
11.10.4 The second pass shall start as soon as possible after the root pass and in any case
within the specified time period stated on the Company approved WPS.
11.10.5 Consideration shall be given by the Company to longer time intervals between the root
pass to second pass provided the root pass is deposited with a low hydrogen
consumable, and the extended time interval was qualified during WPS qualification.
11.10.6 Each bead shall be thoroughly cleaned of scale, dirt, slag, etc. before the application of
subsequent beads. The completed surface of the weld shall be thoroughly power-
brushed clean of all spatter and slag and the reinforcement shall blend smoothly with
the adjacent pipe surface. The top cap button shall be ground to blend smoothly into
the remaining weld pass and shall not be permitted to exceed the maximum heights as
stated below.
11.10.7 Continuity of the pipe welding operation shall be maintained and at no time shall the
root pass and second pass operations be more than 1 hour ahead of the subsequent
weld passes. Unless approved by the company and qualified accordingly during
procedure qualification.
11.10.8 Mainline welding shall continue, without detrimental pipe movement until a minimum of
3 weld passes are completed or 2/3 of the weld thickness is filled, whichever is the
greatest and, shall not be left incomplete longer than 24 hours. Where it can be
anticipated that welds would be left longer than 24 hours they shall be filled to
completion, unless otherwise approved by the Company. The number of uncapped
welds at the end of the day shall be limited to one set up, unless otherwise approved by
the Company. Partially completed cap passes shall be completed before the end of
each day.
11.10.9 Weld sequencing shall be such that consecutive stop/start locations are staggered by a
minimum of 50 mm.
11.10.10 Clusters of surface porosity, bead starts, heavy glass deposits and high points shall be
removed by grinding before depositing weld metal over them. Cleaning shall be done
by power or hand tools, or both, to the satisfaction of the Company.
11.10.11 Tie-in welds completed in the ditch shall be completed in a single work day.
11.11 Internal Backwelding
11.11.1 Should a mechanized production weld using an internal root weld process require back
welding to correct for root weld misfires (not considered backweld repairs); only an
approved and qualified low hydrogen shielded metal arc or semi-automatic welding
WPS shall be used. For semi-automatic backwelds, qualified in accordance with the
requirements of CSA Z662, Annex K, the defect acceptance criteria established by
Annex K shall apply. For all SMAW low hydrogen manual back welds; the Company
site inspector shall be notified and the entire circumference of the weld shall be
inspected to the acceptance criteria as specified in section 7 of CSA Z662.
11.12 Weld Completion
11.12.1 The completed weld shall have a uniform cross section around the entire circumference
of the pipe. At no point shall the top of the cap pass be below the surface of the pipe or

above the pipe surface by more than: 2.5 mm for pipe with nominal wall thickness 10
mm or less and 3.5 mm for pipe with nominal wall thickness greater than 10 mm. An
additional 1.0 mm of weld reinforcement shall be permitted for localized areas at the
discretion of the Company.
11.12.2 When files are used for cleaning up the final or cap pass, the metal thickness adjacent
to the weld shall not be grooved below the minimum nominal pipe wall thickness.
Should this occur the Contractor shall cut out the defective pipe by cutting out a ring of
pipe containing the grooved pipe.
11.12.3 Welds that will be examined using AUT shall be cleaned to a standard sufficient to
permit the AUT technique to be utilized. As a minimum this will include the cleaning of
the weld and the removal of all weld spatter, slag and coating for a distance of 120 mm
on both sides of the weld.
11.12.4 Each welder shall identify his Work by marking the pipe next to the weld with his unique
identification number using an indelible permanent marking crayon.
11.12.5 In addition to their unique identification number, cap pass welders shall mark the weld
completion date and time on the pipe next to the weld using an indelible permanent
marking crayon.
11.12.6 The welded pipe shall be laid on skids after welding so that no portion of the pipe is
allowed to touch the ground. The pipe shall be blocked and secured from rolling off
skids in a manner acceptable to the Company. The spacing of skids shall be adequate
to prevent undue stress on the free spanning pipe and on partly completed welds.
Welds shall be left accessible for their full circumference.
11.12.7 Should a section of the pipeline fall off the skids, the Contractor shall immediately
report this fact to the Company. The Company shall be allowed reasonable time to
inspect the pipe section involved and the Contractor shall cut out and replace any
defects and damaged pipe at the expense of the Contractor.
11.13 Night Capping
11.13.1 The open end of sections of pipe shall be securely closed at the end of each day's work
by placing suitable covers over the ends to prevent the entrance of trash, animals or
other obstructions, and these shall not be opened until Work at that location is to be
resumed. Where the line is left open at intervals for pigging, testing or future tie-ins at
roads, railroads, rivers, etc. both ends shall similarly be capped. Temporary nightcaps
shall not be tack welded to the pipe. Garbage bags will not be accepted as nightcaps.
11.13.2 For mechanized welding, utilizing inert, active or a combination gas for shielding of the
welding arc from the atmosphere, end caps shall be placed on the end of the start joint
of all sections prior to welding, to prevent the removal of the gas shielding.
11.14 Arc Burns
11.14.1 Arcs shall be struck only in the weld groove. Arc burns shall be repaired/removed.
11.14.2 Arc burns may be repaired if they do not exceed 8% of the nominal pipe wall thickness
in depth.
11.14.3 If arc burns exceed 8% of the nominal pipe wall thickness in depth, they shall be
removed by cutting out a complete pup of pipe.

11.14.4 Authorization for the repair of arc burns will not be granted until the Contractor submits
a detailed written Repair Procedure to the Company, and these Procedures have been
approved by the Company. As a minimum, Repair Procedures shall address:
11.14.4.1 Method of surface preparation;
11.14.4.2 Required surface finish;
11.14.4.3 Type and concentration of etchant used;
11.14.4.4 Safety procedures for handling chemical reagents;
11.14.4.5 Method of etchant preparation;
11.14.4.6 Etchant application method and application time, which must address the effect of
metal surface temperature if required to improve reaction time;
11.14.4.7 Periodic testing of the effectiveness of the etchant (i.e. frequency of testing and
method of testing);
11.14.4.8 Equipment and procedures for ultrasonic thickness testing;
11.14.4.9 Qualifications of ultrasonic thickness testing personnel; and
11.14.4.10 Forms for recording the results of each arc burn evaluation, including space for
identification of weld number; pipe number containing the arc burn, circumferential
location of the arc burn, remaining wall thickness after removal of the arc burn,
and the final result of the evaluation.
11.14.5 The written Arc Burn Repair Procedure shall be available at the work location. The
Company reserves the right to witness removal of arc burns, and to perform any other
checks or tests necessary to verify acceptability of the removal of arc burns.
11.15 Pipe Pups
11.15.1 The Contractor shall mark the pipe number and heat number on the outside and inside
of all pups using a weather proof marker.
11.15.2 Pipe pups 2m for less than 508 mm OD, 3m for 508/609.6 mm OD and 4m for above
609.6 mm OD in length shall be moved ahead daily and welded into the line. Pipe
pups less than 5 meters in length shall not be welded in sequence; they shall be
separated by a full joint of pipe.
11.15.3 Pipe pups shall not be allowed to accumulate on the Construction Right-of-Way and a
reasonable attempt shall be made to progressively weld all pipe pups into the line. The
Company may stop the Contractor's mainline welding operation before completion of
mainline welding so that accumulated pipe pups can be moved ahead and welded into
the pipeline.
11.16 Welding Refuse
11.16.1 Welding consumable stubs, excess wire and clippings, weld consumable packaging,
wire spools or other refuse produced by the welding operation shall be removed from
the Right-of-Way immediately for appropriate disposal.

11.16.2 The Contractor shall ensure that refuse shall not be left inside the pipe after back-
welding or any other internal operation completed by the Contractor
11.17 Weld Inspection and Acceptance
11.17.1 The Company shall have the uninhibited right to inspect and monitor all aspects of
production welding to ensure the WPS and this specification are being followed, and
shall have the unilateral right to reject any welds in which the details of the WPS are
not followed, at no incremental cost or schedule impacts to the Company.
11.17.2 NDT of all completed butt welds shall follow the guidelines specified Table 6.
11.17.3 All NDT shall be performed in accordance with the current version of the company
specification CPCS-SPEC-NDT-003 – Specification for Pipeline Construction (Canada)
Non-Destructive Testing.
11.17.4 Visual inspection shall be performed on all welds and shall be assessed in accordance
with the acceptance criteria as specified in section 7 of CSA Z662 or criteria defined in
accordance with the requirements of Annex K as applicable. The Company has the
right to reject any welds that in its opinion, although marginally satisfy the minimum
code requirements, could be detrimental to the long-term integrity of the pipeline.

Table 6: NDT Requirement Guidelines
WELDING CREW
JOINT DESIGN Mainline &

Mainline & Section
Tie-in Final Tie-in Weld-Repair
Section SMAW Mechanized
GMAW
100% 100%
100%
100% circumference RT circumference RT
circumference RT
circumference UT or UT + 100% or UT + 100% RT or UT + visual
Equal Nominal or UT + 100%
+ 100% circumference circumference + 20% next day
Wall Thickness circumference
circumference visual + 20% next visual + 100% delay RT or UT
visual + 20% next
visual day delay RT or next day delay RT
day delay RT or UT
UT or UT
100%
100%
100% circumference RT
Unequal Nominal circumference RT
circumference UT or UT + 100% RT or UT + visual
Wall Thickness or UT + 100%
+ 100% circumference N/A + 100% next day
(within allowable circumference
circumference visual + 100% delay RT or UT
1.0mm difference) visual + 100% next
visual next day delay RT
day delay RT or UT
or UT
100% 100%
circumference RT circumference RT
RT + visual +
Back-Bevel or UT + 100% + 100%
N/A N/A 100% next day
Transition circumference circumference
delay RT
visual + 100% next visual + 100%
day delay RT next day delay RT
100% 100%
100%
100% circumference RT circumference RT
circumference RT
circumference UT or UT + 100% or UT + 100% RT or UT + visual
Counter Bore and or UT + 100%
+ 100% circumference circumference + 20% next day
Taper Transition circumference
circumference visual + 20% next visual + 100% delay RT
visual + 100% next
visual day delay RT or next day delay RT
day delay RT
UT or UT
NOTE(s)
1. Next day delay means a minimum of 18 hours from the completion of welding
2. Delay inspection can be either a first or subsequent inspection
3. Delay inspection time (hours) shall be documented by the company
11.17.5 All butt welds shall be inspected for 100% of their circumference using radiographic
and/or ultrasonic techniques. Other welds may be inspected using visual and other
NDT techniques. Defect acceptance criteria shall be based upon the defect
acceptance criteria outlined in CSA Z662, "Standards of Acceptability" or as
determined in accordance with Annex K of CSA Z662 and the additional requirements
of this specification as follows:
11.17.5.1 All cracks or crack-like indications shall not be repaired and an entire weld
cylinder shall be cut-out and obtained for investigation in accordance with the
company Weld Crack Investigation Procedure CPCS-PROC-WCI-005
11.17.5.2 Internal undercut shall not exceed the lesser 10% of wall thickness or 2mm as
measured through AUT dimensioning or RT contrast comparisons with undercut
shims.
11.17.5.3 Copper inclusions shall be removed from the system by cutout of the entire weld.

11.17.5.4 When welds are completed using a mechanized process utilizing an external root
process with internal copper backup, “burnthrough” flaws, where loss of weld or
base metal backing could have caused the welding arc to have direct contact with
the copper backup plates, shall be removed from the system by cutout of the
entire weld. These flaws are characterized through AUT and/or RT as “cup
shaped” indications in the transit distance of the root channel that is accompanied
with a TOFD signature identified by a fading of TOFD backwall combined with an
indication of short length earlier in the time of flight. To validate a burn-through
flaw identified by AUT as above, the area shall be inspected using RT to confirm
the burn-through. If a burn-through flaw is confirmed the entire weld shall be cut
out and removed from the system.
11.17.6 All reasonable attempts will be made to provide non-destructive test results to the
Contractor approximately one hour before the start of the next working day. The
Contractor shall cooperate fully with the NDT crews carrying out the required tests.
11.17.7 All mainline welds and weld repairs shall be left uncoated for one full day beyond the
day that the weld was completed on, to allow the Company time for any additional
inspection. Tie-in welds may be required to remain uncoated for one full day beyond
the day the weld was completed, at the discretion of the Company.
11.17.8 Welds that do not comply with the defect acceptance criteria of these Specifications
shall be removed or repaired at the Company’s discretion.
11.17.9 All welds that fail testing as per the specifications shall be replaced by the Contractor.
11.17.10 The Company, at its option, may cut out all questionable welds or additional welds for
production test purposes. The Company will, whenever possible, select test welds to
be cut from the pipeline in a location that will minimize the replacement impact.
11.17.11 WPS established in accordance with ASME IX, shall use acceptance standards in
accordance with the requirements of the ASME Code for Pressure Piping, B31.3,
normal fluid service.
11.17.12 Weld conditions that prevent proper interpretation of radiographic or ultrasonic

evaluations shall be cause for rejection of the welds affected, unless they can be
inspected by other Company approved methods.
11.17.13 If the mechanized welding system used for welding uses an alignment band similar to
that used for the mechanized ultrasonic evaluation, the alignment band shall be
maintained and provided by the contractor and be left on the pipe until after the
ultrasonic evaluation of the weld has been completed at no incremental cost to the
Company.
12 WELD-REPAIRS
12.1 General
12.1.1 The Contractor shall be responsible for identifying and marking the location(s) of the
weld-repair on the weld circumference that requires weld-repair.
12.1.2 Remedial Work on the cap pass may be completed before non-destructive testing, but
only with prior approval from the Company, and then only in accordance with the
requirements of an approved WPS.

12.1.3 The root pass of through wall weld-repair welds shall be completed using E6010
electrodes. The second pass may be welded with cellulose electrodes.
12.1.4 The fills and cap passes of weld-repair welds shall be made using low hydrogen
welding processes except for materials with Grades up to 386 inclusive where cellulose
consumables are permitted.
12.1.5 Back welding weld-repair welds shall be limited to root pass repairs only unless
otherwise approved by the company and only low hydrogen welding processes and
consumables shall be used.
12.1.6 Partial through wall weld-repair welds or weld-repair welds performed by back welding
are allowed in any location on the entire circumference of the weld. The cumulative
length of through-wall weld-repair welds shall not exceed 30% of the total length of the
original weld
12.1.7 All cut-outs shall be returned to the Contractor’s yard and remain the property of the
Company.
12.2 Weld-Repair and Removal of Defects
12.2.1 Any weld that does not meet the defect acceptance criteria of CSA Z662 or ECA defect
acceptance criteria defined by the Company shall be repaired or removed. All weld-
repair welding shall be performed in accordance with the approved weld-repair WPS.
12.2.2 The minimum length of any weld-repair weld shall be 50 mm.
12.2.3 The minimum preheat established in the approved WPS shall be applied before
removing the defect by grinding. The minimum preheat temperature shall extend a
minimum of 150 mm in any direction extending from the weld-repair and shall be
maintained throughout the preparation and welding operation.
12.2.4 Weld-repairs shall be completed in a full operation without stopping.
12.2.5 Weld-repairs shall not be started if prevailing weather conditions or other conditions
suggest that full completion of the weld-repair may be interrupted.
12.2.6 External weld-repairs exceeding the lesser of 25% of the pipe circumference or 300
mm in length shall be completed in multiple operations. The maximum length of root
weld-repair completed in a single operation shall be the lesser of 25% of the pipe
circumference or 300 mm. The root pass, second pass and one fill pass shall be
completed before additional weld-repair length is attempted.
12.2.7 The Contractor shall be permitted one attempt for weld-repair welding of root defects
unless a WPS has been specifically qualified for multiple weld-repairs in accordance
with the requirements of this Specification and the WPS has been approved by the
Company. A second attempt may be permitted for second pass, fill and cap weld-
repairs if previously approved by the Company.
12.2.8 Oxygen cutting of weld defects is not permitted. Air arc gouging of weld defects may be
permitted if the Contractor submits a written procedure for gouging that is subsequently
approved by the Company. Grinding entirely through the weld thickness is only
permitted if specified in the Company approved weld-repair WPS.

12.2.9 Welds that do not meet the minimum requirements of this Specification shall be cut out
and replaced with a new weld. If pulling the pipe back into position after a weld has
been removed is not possible a pipe pup shall be used. The minimum permissible
length of replacement pipe shall be as follows:
12.2.9.1 150 mm, for pipe smaller than 168 mm OD;
12.2.9.2 Two times the specified outside diameter, for pipe from 168 mm to 610 mm OD;
and
12.2.9.3 1.2 meters for pipe larger than 610 mm OD.
12.3 Inspection of Weld-Repairs
12.3.1 Weld-repairs may be inspected using any method of NDT that in the opinion of the
Company would best determine the acceptability of the weld. The non-destructive test
method used originally to identify the defect must also be used in the assessment of
acceptability of the weld-repair area.

13 APPENDICES
• Appendix A - Mechanized WDS Template
• Appendix B - SMAW WDS Template
• Appendix C - Project WPS Matrix (Pipeline)

Appendix A
Mechanized WDS Template

Appendix B
SMAW WDS Template

Appendix C
Project WPS Matrix (Pipeline)


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MAJOR PROJECTS CONSTRUCTION SERVICES

SPECIFICATION FOR PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION

THE ORIGINAL SIGNED COPY OF THIS DOCUMENT IS RETAINED BY MP ENGINEERING AND

0 May 2010 New document N/A

Document Uncontrolled When Printed

1.1 GENERAL ................................................................................................................................................... 5

2 ACTS, REGULATIONS, LAWS, CODES AND STANDARDS .............................................................................. 5

2.1 GENERAL ................................................................................................................................................... 5

3 RELATED TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS AND STANDARDS ........................................................................... 5

3.1 GENERAL ................................................................................................................................................... 5

4.1 GENERAL ................................................................................................................................................... 6

5 WELDING REQUIREMENTS ........................................................................................................................ 7

5.1 GENERAL ................................................................................................................................................... 7

6 WELD CLASSIFICATION .............................................................................................................................. 8

6.1 TACK WELDS .....................................................................................................................................................8

6.2 GROOVE WELDS ...............................................................................................................................................9

7.1 GENERAL ...........................................................................................................................................................9

7.2 MECHANIZED WELDING .................................................................................................................................10

8.1 GENERAL .........................................................................................................................................................11

8.2 CONSUMABLES ...............................................................................................................................................11

8.3 SHIELDING GASES ...........................................................................................................................................12

8.4 PIPE AND COMPONENTS ................................................................................................................................12

9 QUALIFICATION OF WELDING PROCEDURE SPECIFICATIONS ................................................................... 12

9.1 GENERAL .........................................................................................................................................................12

9.2 ELECTRODE SELECTION...................................................................................................................................13

9.3 MAXIMUM TRAVEL SPEED..............................................................................................................................14

9.4 MINIMUM INTERPASS TEMPERATURES .........................................................................................................14

9.5 MAXIMUM TIME INTERVAL BETWEEN WELD PASSES ....................................................................................14

9.6 MAINLINE WELDING PROCEDURE SPECIFICATION QUALIFICATION ..............................................................15

9.7 MAINLINE WELD-REPAIR WELDING PROCEDURE SPECIFICATION QUALIFICATION .......................................15

9.8 TIE-IN WPS QUALIFICATION ...........................................................................................................................16

Document Uncontrolled When Printed

9.10 FIELD FABRICATION WELD-REPAIR WPS QUALIFICATION ..............................................................................16

9.11 NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING OF WPS TEST COUPONS ...................................................................................16

9.12 DESTRUCTIVE TESTING OF WPS QUALIFICATION TEST COUPONS .................................................................17

10 WELDER QUALIFICATION ......................................................................................................................... 18

10.1 GENERAL .........................................................................................................................................................18

10.2 TEST REQUIREMENTS .....................................................................................................................................19

11 PRODUCTION WELDING .......................................................................................................................... 21

11.1 GENERAL .........................................................................................................................................................21

11.2 WEATHER CONDITIONS ..................................................................................................................................22

11.3 COLD WEATHER WELDING .............................................................................................................................22

11.4 CONTRACTOR DOCUMENTATION OF COMPLIANCE ......................................................................................22

11.5 WELDING PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS ...................................................................................................23

11.6 PREPARATION OF PIPE....................................................................................................................................24

11.7 ALIGNMENT, FIT UP AND SUPPORT................................................................................................................25

11.8 REMOVAL OF LINE-UP CLAMPS ......................................................................................................................26

11.9 PREHEATING ...................................................................................................................................................27

11.10 WELDING SEQUENCE ......................................................................................................................................27

11.11 INTERNAL BACKWELDING...............................................................................................................................28

11.12 WELD COMPLETION .......................................................................................................................................28

11.13 NIGHT CAPPING ..............................................................................................................................................29

11.14 ARC BURNS .....................................................................................................................................................29

11.15 PIPE PUPS .......................................................................................................................................................30

11.16 WELDING REFUSE ...........................................................................................................................................30

11.17 WELD INSPECTION AND ACCEPTANCE ...........................................................................................................31

12.1 GENERAL .........................................................................................................................................................33

12.2 WELD-REPAIR AND REMOVAL OF DEFECTS ....................................................................................................34

12.3 INSPECTION OF WELD-REPAIRS ......................................................................................................................35

Document Uncontrolled When Printed

2 ACTS, REGULATIONS, LAWS, CODES AND STANDARDS

• Other Provincial & Territories Acts, Regulations and Standards