Name: _________________________________________________

12 - Fleming

10. In certain circumstances, other researchers may request your data set for verification. In which situations would you have
to refuse their access?
A. If the confidentiality of the participants cannot be assured and if you intend to use the data in a follow up study.
B. If the participants have not signed a disclaimer and if another party have proprietary rights over the data which prevent its release.
C. If the confidentiality of the participants cannot be assured, and if another party has already requested the data at an earlier time.
D. If the confidentiality of the participants cannot be assured and if another party have proprietary rights over the data which prevent its
release.
11. Why is it important to read original articles when you are reviewing the literature?
A. To examine the validity of the conclusions. C. To look for flaws in the method.
B. To obtain an overview of methods and procedures. D. All of these
12. You are about to do a literature search, what would be the first stage?
A. Do a literature search online C. Order some inter-library loans
B. Read introductory textbooks D. Ask your lecturer for some articles
13. If you require a journal article not stocked by your library, what could you use?
A. The inter-library loans system C. E-mail the author
B. Another library D. All of these
14. What is deemed a good measure of the quality of a journal?
A. The OPAC factor C. The impact factor
B. The intake factor D. The influence factor
15. On a publication classified by DDC, what do the three numbers represent?
A. Call numbers C. Category, Division, Section
B. Class, Division, Section D. Class, Division, Subject
16. The writing of research reports is best regarded as:
A. an unnecessary chore C. a skill
B. just like writing an essay D. most students find easy
17. The abstract should include:
A. An explanation of the statistical analysis employed C. A list of references
B. Only the most relevant tables and diagrams D. None of these
18. The abstract is:
A. a summary of all the major findings C. a list of criticisms of the study
B. a précis of all important parts of a research report D. none of these
19. Which of the following contains no mistakes?
A. (Simmons & Gerard, 2006; Young and Epstein, 2007)
B. (Sydney, 2003; Jones, 1999a)
C. (Richards, et al; 2008)
D. (Smithfield, 2007; Taylor, 2008; Taylor and Gregson, 2004b)
20. Normally, where in a research report are the hypotheses justified to the reader?
A. In the conclusions C. In the discussion
B. In the introduction D. None of these
21. Why are the references included in a research project?
A. To keep a record of everything that you have read in writing the report
B. To impress lecturers
C. To fully identify the source of information and ideas discussed in the report so that others may check for themselves
D. It is courtesy to the authors of the works that you have read
22. The ideal model for a research report is:
A. The essay format C. A magazine article
B. The journal article standard format D. What other students do
23. Usually student research is judged using:
A. how much data has been collected
B. conventional academic criteria such as technique skill and their contribution to a topic
C. whether it is worthy of publication
D. its value to practitioners
24. If you find that someone else publishes work similar to yours before your project is completed, what could you do?
A. There is nothing you can do so do not mention it in your study
B. Accept their ideas – after all they are published authors
C. Acknowledge it in your report and evaluate the study
D. Approach it with questioning style
26. A meta-analysis would allow you to:
A. assess the reliability of a study
B. identify the antecedents of a behavior
C. replicate many studies
D. explore the variations or inconsistencies in the outcomes of lots of studies
27. The purpose of research is:
A. to produce work of publishable quality C. that the empirical work should be testing a theory
B. to extend the conceptual understanding of a topic D. primarily to get more data
28. Internal reliability is:
A. about the increase or decrease in scores over time
B. about how a single individual’s scores remain identical
C. about the consistency of a measure taken at two different points in time
D. about how consistently all of the items in a scale measure the concept in question
29. Correlating between different versions of a test is known as what?
A. Alternate forms reliability C. Test-retest reliability
B. Split-half reliability D. Objectivity
30. Using different methods of collecting data, different sources of evidence, different tests and in some cases different
interviewers, is known as what?
A. Convergent validity C. Triangulation
B. Reliability D. Transferability
31. Response rate refers to:
A. how big a population is C. how variable participants’ responses are
B. the proportion of people who take part in a study D. how confident you want to be about your results
32. Usually confidence intervals are set at what figure?
A. 5% C. 95%
B. 55% D. 100%
33. The difference between the mean of a researcher’s sample and the mean of the population of the sample is known as the:
A. Standard Deviation C. Confidence interval
B. Sampling error D. Significance level
34. What is positivism?
A. Positivism is a philosophical position on how we go about obtaining knowledge
B. Positivism holds that knowledge is grounded in religion
C. Positivism refers to knowledge about the nature of our being in the world as revealed through theoretical philosophizing
D. Positivism refers to statistics and statistical analysis
35. Which of the following statements about the qualitative-quantitative debate is incorrect?
A. Positivism stresses the importance of observable and observed facts in the accumulation of knowledge
B. Qualitative researchers often fail to recognize positivism as the epistemological basis of their work
C. Positivism applies to quantitative methods
D. It became equated with relatively crude and quantified methods
36. What term dominates the qualitative-quantitative debate?
A. Critical realism C. Positivism
B. Metaphysics D. Theism
37. An interest in qualitative methods has increased in terms of analysis of:
A. categorizations C. interest in qualitative is actually on the decline
B. language-based data D. laboratory experiments
38. Qualitative research methods can be thought of as:
A. methods used to search for the nature of reality
B. a preliminary stage in the research which can contribute to the development of adequate quantification
C. a stark alternative to quantitative research
D. parallel with the physical sciences
39. What is the comparative method?
A. A way of comparing the outcomes of several different studies
B. A way of deciding which participants get the highest scores
C. A way of contrasting the findings of two different studies
D. Making comparisons between the findings from two or more different groups in a study
42. Complete this sentence. A hypothesis is:
A. the methodical evaluation of research evidence C. a statement of the aims of an investigation
B. a statement which serves as the basis for further investigation D. All of these
43. Complete this sentence. Confounding variables are a problem in:
A. longitudinal studies C. experimental studies
B. correlational studies D. all of these
44. Randomized assignment is:
A. applied to data to control for a confounding variable
B. applied to participant groups to control for a confounding variable
C. applied to participant groups to keep similar participants grouped together
D. sometimes done to data to allow cause and effect to be analyzed
45. _____ is a statistical index which describes the degree and direction of the relationship between two characteristics or
variables.
A. Probability C. Correlation
B. Mean D. T-test
46. What is the name for a variable which wholly or partially accounts for the relationship between two other variables?
A. Consistent variable C. Confounding variable
B. Confounded variable D. Congruent variable
47. Variables in a cross-sectional design are
A. Nominal data C. Frequencies
B. Score data D. A mixture of nominal and score data
48. Which of the following is the first step in starting the research process?
A. Searching sources of information to locate problem C. Identification of problem
B. Survey of related literature D. Searching for solutions to the problem
49. Action research means
A. A longitudinal research C. An applied research
B. A research initiated to solve an immediate problem D. A research with socioeconomic objective
50. Which of the following variables cannot be expressed in quantitative terms?
A. Socio-economic Status C. Numerical Aptitude
B. Marital Status D. Professional Attitude
51. The essential qualities of a researcher are
A. Spirit of free inquiry C. Systematization or theorizing of knowledge
B. Reliance on observation and evidence D. All of the above
52. In the process of conducting research, “Formulation of Hypothesis” is followed by
A. Statement of Objectives C. Analysis of Data
B. Selection of Research Tools D. Collection of Data
53. A research paper is a brief report of research work based on
A. Primary Data only C. Both Primary and Secondary Data
B. Secondary Data only D. None of the above
54. Informal self-education is possible in what kind of library?
A. National Library C. Specific Library
B. Public Library D. College Library
55. Questionnaire is a:
A. Research method C. Tool for data collection
B. Measurement technique D. Data analysis technique
56. Which of the following is not covered under Intellectual Property Rights?
A. Copyrights C. Trade Marks
B. Patents D. Thesaurus
57. Ontology is………..
A. An Indexing Method C. Cataloguing of internet-based documents
B. Classification of internet-based documents D. Documentation service
58. Which comes first, theory or research?
A. Theory, because otherwise you are working in the dark
B. Research, because that’s the only way you can develop a theory
C. It depends on your point of view
D. The question is meaningless, because you can’t have one without the other
59. We review the relevant literature to know:
A. What is already known about the topic C. What concepts and theories have been applied to the topic
B. Who are the key contributors to the topic D. All of these
60. Which of the following is not a type of research question?
A. Predicting an outcome C. Developing good practice
B. Evaluating a phenomenon D. Hypothesis
64. Because of the number of things that can go wrong in research, there is a need for:
A. Sympathetic supervisors C. An emergency source of finance
B. Flexibility and perseverance D. Wisdom to know the right time to quit
65. An open question is one that:
A. Allows respondents to answer in their own terms C. Does not suggest or provide a limited range of responses
B. Can help to generate answers for closed questions D. All of these
66. In order to post-code answers to open questions, it is necessary to:
A. Count the frequency with which each answer has been given
B. Categorize unstructured material and assign a code number to each category
C. Identify the three most commonly cited responses and give them a code
D. Find out where each respondent lives and make a note of their postcode
67. Which of the following is not an advantage of using closed questions in a survey?
A. It reduces the risk of variability in the way answers are recorded
B. It makes answers easier to process and analyze
C. They prevent respondents from giving spontaneous, unexpected answers
D. Closed questions are quicker and easier for respondents to complete
68. Informant factual questions are those that:
A. Enquire about personal details such as age, income and occupation
B. Ask people about the characteristics of a social setting or entity that they know well
C. Seek to find out about people’s attitudes and opinions on a range of topics
D. Try to identify the normative standards and values held by a social group
69. Which of the following is a general rule of thumb for designing questions?
A. Always bear in mind your research questions C. Always use vignettes rather than open questions
B. Never ask a closed question D. Use ambiguous terms to put respondents at ease
70. You should avoid using double-barrelled questions in a survey because:
A. They rely too much on a respondent’s memory
B. They are too abstract and general in scope
C. They make the questions too long, so respondents lose interest
D. They confuse respondents by asking about two different things
71. Leading questions should also be avoided because:
A. They suggest ways of answering and so may bias the result
B. They create a mismatch between the question and its possible answers
C. They involve negative terms and unnecessary jargon
D. They ask about several different things at the same time
72. A vignette question is one that asks respondents to think about:
A. Family obligations to care for sick relatives
B. An intensely painful and sensitive issue in their personal life
C. A scenario involving imaginary characters in a realistic situation
D. Their favorite kind of salad dressing
73. The value of piloting a questionnaire is that it helps you to:
A. Test out your questions on some of the people who will be in the final sample
B. Identify and amend any problems in the question wording, order and format
C. Find out what a trained pilot would think of the subject matter
D. All of these
74. What does an empiricist believe?
A. We should not apply natural science methods to social science research
B. It is the sociologist’s aim to understand the meaning of social action
C. Knowledge, in the form of ‘facts’, should be gained through sensory experience
D. Research conducted within the British empire was biased and unreliable
75. An inductive theory is one that:
A. Involves testing an explicitly defined hypothesis
B. Uses quantitative methods whenever possible
C. Does not allow for findings to feed back into the stock of knowledge
D. Allows theory to emerge out of the data