MATERIAL HANDLING

Pertemuan 3
Pengajar :
Iwan Sukarno
Gita Kurnia
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Apa yang sudah dan akan dipelajari?
• Penangan Material dalam Logistik
• Prinsip Penanganan Material,
• Material Handling Equation,
• Konsep Unit Load,
• Alat-alat Penanganan Material (Conveyor, Truk, Hoisting, Bulk
Handling, AGV, Robot, Pergudangan),
• Pemilihan Alat Penanganan Material,
• Justifikasi Biaya, Penanganan Material dalam Organisasi,
• Pemeliharaan Alat Penanganan Material,
• Keselamatan Kerja dalam Penanganan Material.
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10 MH Principles
1. Planning 6. Automation
2. System 7. Environmental
3. Unit load 8. Work
4. Standardization 9. Ergonomics
5. Space utilization 10. Lifecycle cost

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Material Handling Equation

Unnecessary Why?

Necessary

What? Where When? How? Who? Which?

Preferred
Materials Moves Methods
System

Material handling system alternatives

Six-phased engineering design process
• Define the objectives and scope for the material handling system
• Analyze the requirements for moving, storing, protecting, and
controlling material
• Generate alternative designs for meeting material handling system
requirements
• Evaluate alternative material handling system designs.
• Select the preferred design for moving, storing, protecting, and
controlling material.
• Implement the preferred design, including the selection of suppliers,
training of personnel, installation, debug and startup of equipment, and
periodic audits of system performance.
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 Konsep Unit Load
1.1. Kategori Unit Load
1.2. Pallets, Skids, Containers
1.3. Pengemasan untuk
Penanganan Material

Today’s Lesson
 SUB-CPMK

• Mahasiswa mampu memerinci jenis-jenis unit

load yang akan ditangani dalam sistem
penanganan material

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Factors that
influence
the design

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Unit load

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Konsep Unit Load
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Unit load

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UNIT LOAD

A Number of items or bulk materials that are

arranged so that they can be picked up and
delivered as one load (Apple, 1977)

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Unitization and handling of loads:
Advantages
Reduce handling and transportation cost
Reduce loading and unloading time
Less susceptible to damage and loss
Increase storage utilization
Reduce individual labeling
Protects loads from foreign elements
Standardization of handling system
Disadvantages
Cost of unitization and de-unitization
Additional support (increase weight)
Deployment of equipment
Movement of the empty containers (
additional cost)
Possibility of damage due to mishandling
of large amount of load
Materials may get hampered
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UNIT LOAD

Large or
small?

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The keyLoad
Unit aspects Unit Load principle are
Less effort and work are required to collect and move
1 many individual items as a single load than to move
many items one at a time.
Load size and composition may change as
material and product move through various
2 stages of manufacturing and the resulting
distribution channels.
Large unit loads are common both before
3 manufacturing as raw materials and after
manufacturing as finished goods
During manufacturing, smaller unit
loads, sometimes just one item, yield
4 less in-process inventory and shorter
item throughput times
Smaller unit loads are consistent with
5 manufacturing strategies that embrace operational
objectives such as flexibility, continuous flow, 19
and lean manufacturing
Seven-step procedure to design
a unit load: Apple (1977)
1. Determine whether the unit load concept is
applicable
2. Select the unit load type
3. Identify the most remote source of a
potential unit load
4. Determine the farthest practicable
destination for the unit load
5. Establish the unit load size
6. Determine the unit load configuration
7. Determine how to build the unit load
Unit load design
Common methods of unitizing a unit load
• Containers
• Platforms
• Skids
• Pallets
• Sheets Pallets
• Cardboard
• Plywood Skids
• Polyethylene slip-sheets
• Racks
• Strapping
• Wrapping
• Shrink wrapping
• Stretch wrapping
Stretch wrapping 21
Shrink wrapping
 Unit load design
Efficiency of Containers

• Containers with good

stacking and nesting
features can provide
significant reduction in
material handling costs Nestability
Stackability
A full container can be stacked on top of Shape of the containers
another full container in the same permits an empty container to
spatial orientation be inserted into another
empty container of the same
type 22
Pallet

plastic
wood

Pallet basket-wire mesh 23

aluminum
Shapes and sizes of pallets
 The relationship between the
Pallet loading problem container and the pallet:

The objectives
• to maximize the
use of space
• to maximize
load stability

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Skid

Skid box

Skid wood and metal frame

Skid box-corrugated metal

Packaging for material handling
Two major aspects;
1. To package individual
product/item

2. To protect the
materials

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Moving of the unit load:
1. Lifting under the mass
2. Inserting the lifting element
into the body of the unit load
3. Squeezing the load between
two lifting surfaces
4. Suspending the load

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References
• Heragu, S. S. (2008). Facilities Design (3rd ed.). Boca Raton, Florida,
United States of America: CRC Press
• Ray, S. (2008). Introduction to Materials Handling. New Delhi: New Age
International Publishers

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Tugas 1 (individu)
• Dari definisi material handling, jelaskan pentingnya
material handling dalam aktivitas manufactur dan
distribusi
• Tuliskan dan jelaskan 10 prinsip material handling
yang telah anda pelajari (berikan contoh untuk
masing-masing prinsip)
• Jelaskan dengan kalimatmu sendiri tentang konsep
unit load.
• Jelaskan 7 prosedur dari unit load design 32