Questions and Problem Sheet

1. State whether the given differential equation is parabolic, hyperbolic or

elliptical.
 2u  2u

t 2 x 2
also, find the equation of the characteristic line for a given space-time
point, x=0.5 and t=0.1.

2. For the given coupled first order differential equation with dependent
variable u=u(x,y) and v=v(x,y), find the expression of the slope of the
dy
characteristic curve, i.e.
dx .
a1ux  b1u y  c1vx  d1v y  f1
a2ux  b2u y  c2vx  d 2v y  f 2

dx
3. What is the speed of propagation of information for a system which
dt
is governed by a parabolic equation?Show derivation of your answer.
4. What are the advantages of weak formulation?
5. Derive the expression for the shape function of a two noded element
with nodal coordinate xi and xj. Also, draw these shape functions over
the element. Also show that Ni+Nj=1 for all x.
6. Using collocation method, solve the differential equation,       2  0
, 0≤x≤1, with b.c.  ( x  0)  0,  ( x  1)  1 , using a trial function of the
form   ax  bx 2  cx3 . Use only two collocation point i.e. x= 0.25 and x=
0.5.
7. Find the equation of the characteristic curve for the following 1st order
P.D.E. ut  xux  0 .
8. In the given differential eq., m and n are integers. It is desired to obtain
the exact solution by F.E. using only asingle element. How many noded
element should it be if it has a polynomial shape function?
 d mT
m
 xn  0
dx

x 
9. By using the trial function y  A sin   , obtain the approximate
H 
displacement field for the problem in Fig 1.and compare the
displacement at the center with the theoretical displacement
 M H2 
y  0.06415  o  . Governing differential eq. of the system in fig. 1 is
 EI 
as follows
d 2 y Mox
EI 2  0
dx H

Fig: 1

Evaluate A by Galerkin's Method.

10. Find out the element level matrix using standard Galerkin'sMethod for
the given eq.
d 2T dT
k 2   C p u  bT  0
dx dx
11. Solve the following problem by Finite difference scheme. The
governing differential equation of the system shown in fig. 2 is
d 2 y Ty qx( L  x)
 
dx 2 EI 2 EI

x= location in along the beam;

T=Tension applied
E=Young’s Modulus;
I=Second moment of area
q=uniform loading intensity
L=Length of the beam
Given, T=7200, q=5400, L=75, E=30E6; I=120. All values are given in
consistent unit.
a) Find the displacement at x=50 units using step size , i.e. Δx=25
units.
b) Find the error in calculating y at x=50 units.

12. Show that the implicit Euler scheme is unconditionally stable

13. The 1st order wave Eq. is given as follows
ut  cux  0
Convert the above eq. into its canonical form and evaluate the general
solution to the eq.

14. Solve the P.D.E by method of characteristics

ut  xux  0
1
Initial condition is given as u ( x, 0) 
x 1
2

15. Solve the O.D.E by implicit Euler scheme

dy
 0.5 y  0
dt
The initial condition is given as y(0)=1. Take delta t=1 and 5.
Do the problem for 4 time steps and compare with analytical solution.