ECE4001 Digital Communication Systems L T P J C

3 0 2 0 4
Prerequisite: ECE3001 – Analog Communication Systems
v.1.1
Objectives:
• To recognise the basic concept of digital communication blocks
• To understand the performance of different types of encoding schemes such as temporal
waveform coding and power spectral density of different signaling schemes.
• Illustrate the role of ISI in base band reception techniques and show the working of correlation
receiver and matched filter.
• Illustrate the spread spectrum and multiple access techniques
Expected Outcome:
1. Able to analyse the performance of digital communication systems at baseband and pass band
level.
2. Able to choose the appropriate modulation techniques based on their error performance and data
rates.
3. Able to select the suitable line code and waveform coding schemes based on the type of
application.
Student Learning Outcomes (SLO): 1,2,14

Module:1 Sampling & Quantization: 4 hours SLO:

1,2
Model of digital communication system – Review of sampling – Quantization – Uniform & non-
uniform quantization.

Module:2 Waveform Coding Techniques: 5 hours SLO:

1,2,
Pulse Code Modulation – Quantization noise and signal to quantization noise ratio – Companding
(A law and µ law) - Delta modulation.

Module:3 Line Codes: 6 hours SLO:

1,2
Representation of Line Codes – Properties and applications of Line codes – Power Spectral
Density of NRZ unipolar, NRZ Polar, NRZ Bipolar and Manchester.

Module:4 Baseband System: 7 hours SLO:

1,2
Inter Symbol Interference – Nyquist criterion for distortion less transmission – Raised cosine
spectrum – Correlative coding – Eye pattern – Equalization.

Module:5 Bandpass System-I: 8 hours SLO:

1,2
Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization procedure – Correlation Receiver – QAM- Generation and
Detection of Coherent system (BASK, BFSK, BPSK, QPSK, MSK) – Error performance.
Module:6 Bandpass System-II: 6 hours SLO:
1,2
Matched Filter – Generation and Detection of Non-Coherent System –DPSK, FSK and its Error
performance.

Module:7 Spread Spectrum Techniques & Multiple 7 hours SLO:

Access Techniques 1,2
Generation of PN Sequence and its properties – Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum –Processing
Gain – Probability of Error – Anti jam Characteristics – Frequency Hopped Spread Spectrum –
Slow and Fast frequency hopping –multiple access techniques TDMA, FDMA, CDMA

Module:8 Contemporary Issues 2 hours

Total Lecture: 45 hours

Text Books:
1. Simon Haykin, “Digital Communications”, John Wiley, 2014.

Reference Books:
1. John.G. Proakis, “Digital Communication”, 5th Edition, Pearson Education,2014.
2. Herbert Taub and Donald L Schilling,” Principles of Communication Systems (3rd Edition)”,
Tata McGraw Hill, 2012.
3. Bernard Sklar, “Digital Communications: Fundamentals and Applications”, (2nd Edition),
Prentice Hall PTR, 2016.

List of Challenging Experiments (Indicative) 30 Hours SLO:

14
SOFTWARE BASED TASKS
Software Tool: MATLAB
Task 1:Simple digital communication system
Simulate a simple communication system which transmits a text message from the source to the
destination. Also observe signals at different points of this communication system.
Task 2:Coding for analog sources
Consider the given analog audio signal. Convert the analog input signal into binary sequence using
i. Pulse code modulation (PCM)
ii. Differential pulse code modulation (DPCM)
iii. Delta Modulation (DM)
iv. Adaptive delta modulation (ADM)
Also construct the stair-case approximated signal from the received binary sequence using above
mentioned decoding schemes.
In DM, analyse the impact of step size and sampling period on the stair case reconstruction.
Task 3:Line coding
Write a code which uses the below mentioned line coding techniques to generate the baseband
signal for the given text message. Also transmit the generated base band signal through AWGN
channel. Analyse the effect of channel noise on the reconstructed signal.
i. Unipolar
ii. Polar
iii. Bipolar
iv. Differential coding (Mark and Space)
Task 4:Band-pass Modulation
Write a code which uses below mentioned band pass modulation techniques to generate the
modulated signal for the given text message. Transmit the modulated signal through AWGN
channel. Detect transmitted message using the suitable rules. Plot the necessary graphs.
i. BASK
ii. BPSK
iii. BFSK
iv. DPSK

Task 5:Probability of error analysis

i. Consider the bit sequence of length 10,000. Modulate it with BPSK, BASK, BFSK.
Transmit the signal through AWGN channel. Vary the SNR. Compare the theoretical and
simulated probability of error.
ii. Consider the bit sequence of length 10,000. Modulate it with BPSK, QPSK and 8-PSK.
Transmit the signal through AWGN channel. Vary the SNR. Compare the theoretical and
simulated probability of error.

Task 6:Spread spectrum

Write a code to complete the following task:
i. For the given connection logic and the number of flip flops, generate the pseudo-noise
(PN) sequence. Check whether the given connection logic is primitive or not using
periodicity property.
ii. For the generated PN sequence, verify
a) Balance property
b) Run property
c) Auto-correlation property
iii. Use the generated PN sequence to get direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) (Assume
BPSK modulation). Construct a simple transceiver chain.
iv. Use the generated PN sequence to get slow and fast frequency hopped signals (Assume M-
FSK modulation). Construct a simple transceiver chain.
Task 7:Multiple Access
Consider 4 users with different data. Use the following multiple access schemes to
generate the composite signal. Use the orthogonality property to get back the proper data at
the receiver end.
Multiple access schemes:
i. TDMA (Hint: Use GSM burst format)
 ii. CDMA (Hint: Use Hadamard codes)
iii. OFDMA (Hint: Use IEEE 802.11 a specifications)

HARDWARE BASED TASKS

Task 8: Generation and detection of ASK,FSK and PSK
Build the transceiver circuit for ASK,FSK and PSK scheme

Task 9: Implementation of QPSK modulation

Build the transceiver chain for the QPSK scheme. Observe signals at different points of
communication system.

Task 10: Adaptive linear Equalizer

Build the transceiver chain for adaptive linear equalizer and discuss the RRC pulse generation and
LMS rule.

Approved by Academic Council No.:47 Date:05.10.2017