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(2016) Millimeter-Wave and Terahertz-Wave Applications Enabled by Photonics PDF
(2016) Millimeter-Wave and Terahertz-Wave Applications Enabled by Photonics PDF
Abstract— This paper describes continuous millimeter-wave applications including microwave photonic links for cellular,
and terahertz (THz)-wave applications, where telecom-based wireless local area network (LAN), cable television, satellite,
photonics technologies are efficiently employed to enhance their radio astronomy, and radar systems. In addition to communi-
performance. First, 300-GHz-band wireless communications are
described toward real-time error-free transmissions at 50 Gbit/s cations applications of Microwave Photonics, one of the niche
and beyond. Next, a novel approach to increase a phase measure- areas is an optical measurement of high-frequency signals
ment sensitivity in THz frequency-domain spectroscopy systems and its applications to testing of high-frequency devices and
is explained, and a similar technique is successfully applied integrated circuits, imaging and sensing of objects in material
to the visualization of electric-field radiation and propagation. characterization, spectroscopy, inspection, security, etc.
Finally, as a futuristic study, the manipulation of THz waves
with a concept of photonic crystals and its possible applications Steady and continuous progress of Microwave Photonics
to platforms in THz integrated systems are presented. has been reported in annually-held International Topical
Index Terms— Millimeter wave, terahertz, photonics, wireless Meeting on Microwave Photonics, and subsequent special
communication, spectroscopy, measurement, photonic crystal. issues on Microwave Photonics published, for example, in the
IEEE JOURNAL and TRANSACTIONS. Particularly, in the
I. I NTRODUCTION special issue in IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE
Fig. 10. Amplitude signal demodulated by the LIA1 with the lock-in time
constant of 1 sec.
Fig. 15. Radiation patterns of the horn antenna (without the MHA) and with
the MHA. (a) E-plane, (b) H-plane.
Fig. 16. (a) Schematic top view of photonic-crystal waveguide. (b) Simulated
electric-field intensity distribution of waveguide mode.
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NAGATSUMA et al.: MILLIMETER-WAVE AND THz-WAVE APPLICATIONS ENABLED BY PHOTONICS 0600912
Tadao Nagatsuma (M’93–SM’02–F’15) received Masayuki Fujita (S’00–M’02) received the B.E.,
the B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. degrees from Kyushu Uni- M.E., and Ph.D. degrees from Yokohama National
versity, Fukuoka, Japan, in 1981, 1983, and 1986, University, in 1997, 1999, and 2002, respectively, all
respectively, all in electronic engineering. In 1986, in electrical and computer engineering. During the
he joined the Electrical Communications Labora- Ph.D. work, he achieved the first room-temperature
tories, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corpora- continuous wave operation of microdisk lasers and
tion (NTT), Atsugi, Japan. From 1999 to 2002, he the lowest threshold current of 40 μA in GaInAsP
was a Distinguished Technical Member with NTT lasers. He also proposed and demonstrated a
Telecommunications Energy Laboratories. From microgear laser. In 2002, he joined the Quantum
2003 to 2007, he was a Group Leader with NTT Optoelectronics Laboratory at Kyoto University,
Microsystem Integration Laboratories, and was an as a Post-Doctoral Fellow and started research on
NTT Research Professor from 2007 to 2009. Since 2007, he has been photonic crystals, including spontaneous emission control in a photonic
with Osaka University, Japan, where he is currently a Professor with the crystal and highly efficient light extraction in light-emitting diodes and
Division of Advanced Electronics and Optical Science, Department of Systems silicon light emitters. From 2006 to 2010, he was an Assistant Professor and
Innovation, Graduate School of Engineering Science, and the Director of from 2010 to 2011, a Senior Lecturer with the Department of Electronic
the Science and Technology Entrepreneurship Laboratory. His research fields Science and Engineering at Kyoto University. He is currently an Associate
include ultrafast electronics, and millimeter-wave and terahertz photonics. Professor with the Division of Advanced Electronics and Optical Science,
He is a fellow of the Institute of Electronics, Information and Communica- Department of Systems Innovation, Graduate School of Engineering Science,
tion Engineers (IEICE), Japan, and the Electromagnetics Academy. He cur- Osaka University, Toyonaka. His research interests include terahertz-photonic
rently serves as an Associate Editor of the IEEE P HOTONICS T ECHNOLOGY materials and devices and photonic nano and microstructures.
L ETTERS and the Director of the IEICE. He is a member of the IEEE Prof. Fujita is a member of the Japan Society of Applied Physics (JSAP),
Microwave Photonics Conference Steering Committee, the IEEE Microwave the Laser Society of Japan, the Institute of Electronics, Information
Theory and Technique Technical Committees, MTT-3: Microwave Photonics, and Communication Engineers, Japan, and the Japanese Photochemistry
and MTT-4: Terahertz Technology and Applications. Association. From 1999 to 2002 and from 2003 to 2006, he was a Research
He was a recipient of numerous awards, including the 1989 IEICE Young Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS). From
Engineers Award, the 1992 IEEE Andrew R. Chi Best Paper Award, the 2015, he became the Research Director of the Strategic Basic Research
1997 Okochi Memorial Award, the 1998 Japan Microwave Prize, the 2000 Programs (CREST) of the Japan Science and Technology Agency.
Minister’s Award of the Science and Technology Agency, the 2002 and 2011 He has received various awards, including the Best Student Paper Award
Asia–Pacific Microwave Conference Prize, the 2004 Yokosuka Research Park from the Optoelectronic and Communication Conference (2000), the
Award, the 2006 Asia–Pacific Microwave-Photonics Conference Award, the Academic Encouragement Award from JSAP (2001), the JSPS Award for
2006 European Microwave Conference Prize, the 2007 Achievement Award the Most Promising Young Scientist (2006), a Research Award from the
presented by the IEICE, the 2008 Maejima Award, the 2011 Recognition Research Foundation for Opto-Science and Technology (2007), a Paper
from the Kinki Bureau of Telecommunications, Ministry of Internal Affairs Award from the Laser Society of Japan (2007), and the Osaka University
and Communications, the 2011 Commendation for Science and Technology Presidential Awards for Encouragement (2013, 2014, 2015).
from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, and
the 2014 IEEE Tatsuo Itoh Award.
Shigeru Kuwano (M’92) received the B.E., M.E., Jun Terada (M’02) received the B.E. and
and Ph.D. degrees from Osaka University, Osaka, M.E. degrees from Keio University, Kanagawa,
Japan, in 1987, 1989, and 1992, respectively, all in Japan, in 1993 and 1995, respectively. In 1995, he
communication engineering. He joined NTT Cor- joined the NTT LSI Laboratories, where he was
poration in 1992, where he was engaged in the engaged in research on low-voltage analog circuits
research and development of the optical transmission and high-speed front-end circuits for optical trans-
system, optical networking, LAN technology based ceivers. He is currently a Senior Research Engineer
networks, and wireless system. He is currently a and a Supervisor with NTT Access Network Service
Senior Research Engineer with NTT Access Net- Systems Laboratories, where he is responsible for
work Service Systems Laboratories, where he is research and development management of optical
involved in the research and development of optical and wireless converged access networks.
and wireless converged networks. He is a member of the Institute of Electronics, Information and Communica-
He is a Senior Member of the Institute of Electronics, Information and tion Engineers, Japan. He has served on the Technical Program Committees of
Communication Engineers, Japan. the Symposium on VLSI Circuits and Asian Solid-State Circuits Conference.