History of Footbol

The contemporary history of the world's favourite game spans more than 100 years. It all began in 1863
in England, when rugby football and association football branched off on their different courses and the
Football Association in England was formed - becoming the sport's first governing body.

Both codes stemmed from a common root and both have a long and intricately branched ancestral tree.
A search down the centuries reveals at least half a dozen different games, varying to different degrees,
and to which the historical development of football has been traced back. Whether this can be justified
in some instances is disputable. Nevertheless, the fact remains that people have enjoyed kicking a ball
about for thousands of years and there is absolutely no reason to consider it an aberration of the more
'natural' form of playing a ball with the hands.

On the contrary, apart from the need to employ the legs and feet in tough tussles for the ball, often
without any laws for protection, it was recognised right at the outset that the art of controlling the ball
with the feet was not easy and, as such, required no small measure of skill. The very earliest form of the
game for which there is scientific evidence was an exercise from a military manual dating back to the
second and third centuries BC in China.

This Han Dynasty forebear of football was called Tsu' Chu and it consisted of kicking a leather ball filled
with feathers and hair through an opening, measuring only 30-40cm in width, into a small net fixed onto
long bamboo canes. According to one variation of this exercise, the player was not permitted to aim at
his target unimpeded, but had to use his feet, chest, back and shoulders while trying to withstand the
attacks of his opponents. Use of the hands was not permitted.

Court Dimensions and Venues

A football pitch (also known as a football field[1] or soccer field) is the playing surface for the game of
association football. Its dimensions and markings are defined by Law 1 of the Laws of the Game, "The
Field of Play".[2] The surface can either be natural or artificial. Artificial surfaces must be green in colour.
The pitch is typically made of turf (grass) or artificial turf, although amateur and recreational teams often
play on dirt fields.

All line markings on the pitch form part of the area which they define. For example, a ball on or above
the touchline is still on the field of play, and a foul committed over the line bounding the penalty area
results in a penalty. Therefore, a ball must completely cross the touchline to be out of play, and a ball
must wholly cross the goal line (between the goal posts) before a goal is scored; if any part of the ball is
still on or above the line, the ball is still in play.

The field descriptions that apply to adult matches are described below. Note that due to the original
formulation of the Laws in England and the early supremacy of the four British football associations
within IFAB, the standard dimensions of a football pitch were originally expressed in imperial units. The
Laws now express dimensions with approximate metric equivalents (followed by traditional units in
brackets), but use of the imperial units remains common in some countries, especially in the United
Kingdom.

Equipment and Gears

Youth Helmet- $70-270

Youth Shoulder Pads- $35-135

Jersey- $25-45 (unlettered, blank)

Youth Thigh, Knee and Hip Pads (usually sold in a combo set or sewn into compression shorts)- $15-70

Youth Cleats- $35-70

Youth Socks- Roughly $6

Youth Pants- $30-60

Youth Belt- Usually included in the pants or for purchase $3-7

 Rules Of Game Football

Football (Soccer) is one of the oldest sports in the world and with that; it’s also one of the most
recognised. The pinnacle of the international game comes in the form the Football World Cup. There are
also tournament such as the Euro Championships, Copa America and the African Cup of Nations.
Domestically the strongest leagues come from England (English Premier League), Spain (La Liga), Italy
(Serie A) and Germany (Bundesliga). In parts of the world the sport is also known as Soccer.

Object of the Game

The aim of football is to score more goals then your opponent in a 90 minute playing time frame. The
match is split up into two halves of 45 minutes. After the first 45 minutes players will take a 15 minute
rest period called half time. The second 45 minutes will resume and any time deemed fit to be added on
by the referee (injury time) will be accordingly.
Players & Equipment

Each team consists of 11 players. These are made up of one goalkeeper and ten outfield players. The
pitch dimensions vary from each ground but are roughly 120 yards long and 75 yards wide. On each pitch
you will have a 6 yard box next to the goal mouth, an 18 yard box surrounding the 6 yard box and a
centre circle. Each half of the pitch must be a mirror image of the other in terms of dimensions.

Essentially the equipment that is needed for a soccer match is pitch and a football. Additionally players
can be found wearing studded football boots, shin pads and matching strips. The goalkeepers will
additionally wear padded gloves as they are the only players allowed to handle the ball. Each team will
have a designated captain

Scoring

To score the ball must go into your opponent’s goal. The whole ball needs to be over the line for it to be
a legitimate goal. A goal can be scored with any part of the body apart from the hand or arm up to the
shoulder. The goal itself consists of a frame measuring 8 feet high and 8 yards wide.

Winning the Game

To win you have to score more goals than that of your opponents. If the scores are level after 90 minutes
then the game will end as a draw apart from in cup games where the game can go to extra time and
even a penalty shootout to decide the winner. Players must use their feet to kick the ball and are
prohibited to use their hands apart from goalkeepers who can use any part of their body within the 18
yard box (of which more can be found out in the next section).
 Officials

In American football, an official is a person who has responsibility in enforcing the rules and maintaining
the order of the game.

During professional and most college football games, seven officials operate on the field. Beginning in
2015, Division I college football conferences are using eight game officials. College games outside the
Division I level use six or seven officials. Arena football, high school football, and other levels of football
have other officiating systems. High school football played under the National Federation of State High
School Associations (NFHS) rules typically use five officials for varsity and 3, 4, or 5 for non-varsity games.

Football officials are commonly, but incorrectly, referred to as referees, but each position has specific
duties and a specific name: referee, umpire, head linesman (or down judge), line judge, back judge, side
judge, center judge (used only in NCAA Division I college football) and field judge. Because the referee is
responsible for the general supervision of the game, the position is sometimes referred to as head
referee or crew chief.[1][2][3]