CHAPTER I

PROBLEM AND ITS SETTINGS

Introduction

Misled youngsters experiencing childhood in a broken family are honest and

have positively no influence over their poisonous life condition; they grew up with

different passionate scarring brought about by rehashed injury and agony from their folks'

activities, words, and frames of mind. At last, they will have an alternate development

and sustain of their individual self.1

The affected people will continue different child rearing jobs as opposed to

making the most of their adolescence, fundamental pieces of their youth are missing,

which will in the long run have an unsafe impact that reaches out to their grown-up life.

Defrauded grown-ups will in general endeavor getting away from their past torment,

injury by rehearsing progressively dangerous practices, for example, increment levy of

liquor, sedate maltreatment or compelled to rehash the abuse that was done to them.

Others had felt internal anxiety or temper and emotions without understanding the

explanations for it. They every now and again detailed troubles in shaping and supporting

amicable connections, keeping a positive confidence, battling in confiding in others,

trouble in charge misfortune, and denying their own emotions/reality. Every now and

again, sound families will in general come back to their ordinary working after the

life/family emergency passes. On the other hand, in a broken family, issues will in

general be enduring in light of the fact that kids don't get their past necessities; in this

manner the negative, obsessive parental conduct will in general be overwhelming even in
 1

their grown-up's lives. Solid families are not constantly perfect or flawless. They may

inconsistently have a portion of the qualities of a useless family; however not all the

time.2

A broken family is a significant subject in the field of human science confronting

numerous Primary Care Physicians (PCPs), while there is small preparing in family

treatment on how PCPs could and should manage family clashes.

Sexual maltreatment of immature females is a noteworthy general wellbeing

concern, and an inability to address it might contribute towards future moms who grieve,

as they pretended by standards in guaranteeing that youngsters are furnished with

sexuality relational abilities stays faulty. Besides, adolescent females don't report the

abominations brought by their relatives, sexual accomplices, and fathers.

Thinking about social trade hypothesis, it might be conceivable that a portion of

the members live with their sexual accomplices or have no parental help on which to

depend. In light of what the members partook in their meetings, one approach to help

young ladies is to have their folks be educated to have open discussions concerning

sexuality all together control the quantity of assault losses the young ladies experience.

At the legislative level, the local authorities ought to sort out workshops through

coordinated effort of different divisions (e.g., Instruction, Social Welfare, Health, NGOs

and Police Services) to recognize students whose school execution is poor and who

display side effects of enthusiastic and physical maltreatment.

Moreover, on the off chance that it is discovered that young people are being

brought up in medication inviting family settings, social laborers ought to be alarmed to

 2

intercede and cultivate mental prosperity in these young ladies and to help in child care

arrangement if vital. Above all, to control youngster sexual maltreatment, a strategy of

compulsory captures for culprits ought to be initiated. At long last, there ought to be

backing for voluntary HIV testing, just as directing from chapel pioneers, so that

immature females who have been contaminated may start antiretroviral treatment for life

span.

The significance of the examination subject identifies with the significance of

family impact on the advancement of youngsters' character. Simultaneously certain

family issues are seen among the reasons for youngsters' mental injury. Family as a

reason for youngster's mental injury was examined in various occasions by Russian

(Vygotskiy, 1983; Lisina, 2009) and western specialists’ alike.3

The delegates of the psychoanalytic school attracted thoughtfulness regarding the

early experience of guardians' connection with youngsters and various kinds of mental

injury in adolescence (Freud et. al. 2003.) 4

A few investigations, in view of long periods of perception, note that the horrible

conduct of guardians towards their kids is regularly auxiliary, for example drawn from

their very own involvement (King and Smith, 2016; Spitzer, Meyer, and Herrmann-

Lingen, 2016; Zerach, Kanat-Maymon, Aloni, and Solomon, 2016; Shrira, 2016;

Dalgaard, Todd, Daniel, and Montgomery, 2016; Brüne, Walden, Edel, and Dimaggio,

2016; Rücker, Büttner, Fegert, and Petermann, 2015; Zerach, 2015; Schilling, Weidner,

Schellong, Joraschky, and Pöhlmann, 2015).

 3

Numerous ongoing work stress that early youth connection between a mother and

kid decides their association with other individuals later on. As it were, the occasions in

early youth have long- enduring results, including the effect on child rearing (Gozman

and Shlyagina, 1985; Smirnova and Radeva, 1999; Buyanov, 2000; Minullina and

Akramova, 2013; Florou, Widdershoven, Giannakopoulos, and Christogiorgos, 2016).5

In addition, this study is concerned with the impacts of family dysfunction to

students at Sorsogon National High School. It will also seek to find out the coping

strategies of the students in terms of their identified difficult experiences. Their identified

individual experiences come not only from their demographic profile and diverse family

backgrounds, but will also be coming from their means of coping mechanisms.

Identifying the difficult experiences of the student during challenging times provides us

the opportunity to emphasize the coping mechanisms and strategies of students

experiencing psychosocial changes because of the family dysfunction. This quantitative

study has a great opportunity in appreciating and understanding the psychological and

emotional problems of students with dysfunctional parents and their coping strategies.

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to determine the Impacts of Family Dysfunction to the

Psychosocial Behavior of Students.

Specifically, this study seeks answers to the following questions:

1.) What is the socio-demographic profiles of the students with dysfunctional

parents?

a) Gender
 4

b) Family Stucture

c) No. of Siblings

2.) What are the causes of Family Dysfunctions that affect the Psychosocial

Behavior of Students in Sorsogon National High School?

3.) How can Family Dysfunctions affect the Psychosocial Behavior of Students in

terms of

a.) Academic performance (Performance Tasks and Groups Task)

b.) Behavior of Students – to – Students inside the School

\Hypothesis/Assumptions

1. Most of the students have extended family. Those students who have nuclear

family but dysfunctional, stays with their grandparents because of family

problems.

2. Divorces, Deceased parent/s, Migrating parent/s, are the common causes of

family dysfunctions. However, it creates a very huge impact on the psychosocial

behavior of students.

3. It affects the psychosocial behavior of students in the form of family issues that

causes mild depression and anxiety. Regarding school activities, these students

are the most active of all the students in the class. They are more interactive than

that of students with stable parents.

 5

Scope and Delimitation

This research was all about the Impacts of Family Dysfunction to the

Psychosocial Behavior of Students. The target participants are the selected twenty (20)

Grade 11 and 12 students of Sorsogon National High School. This study aims to capture

the impacts, behavior, and the varied coping mechanism of the said students.

However, this study was delimited to the following factors which are the opinions

and perceptions of students regarding this matter, since the researchers are only focusing

on coping mechanism of the students.

Significance of the Study

This study focuses on Impacts of Family Dysfunction to the Psychosocial

Behavior of Students. Therefore, the result of this study may be beneficial to the

following:

Students. This may provide awareness on the effects of having a dysfunctional

family.

Parents. This study will provide information on what may be the effect of their

decisions about family planning.

Peer. This study will help other students that are having a hard time with their

parents and have issues coping with their longings.

 6

Teachers. This study will help the teachers understand their student’s situation.

School Administrators. This study may provide programs for students with

dysfunctional families.

Guidance Counselors. This study will help to fully understand and effectively

guide and advise pupils.

Society of Young Philosophers (SYP –SNHS). This study may provide

programs for students with Separated or Deceased Parent under the Humanities and

Social Science strand.

DepEd. This study will help to develop and provide a variety of projects that will

help parents with separated or deceased parents.

DSWD. This study will help to develop programs for students with psychological

and emotional problems.

LGU’s/NGO’s. This study will help to provide funding for projects for students

experiencing psychological / emotional distress

.DSWD. This study will help to develop programs for students with psychological

and emotional problems.

Future Researchers. This research will serve as a basis for more knowledge

about this topic.

 7

NOTES

(1) Bowlby. J., (2003). Privyazannost'. [Affection]. Мoscow, Gardarika

(2) Lisina, M. I. (2009). Formirovanielichnostirebenka v obshchenii. [The formation of

child's personality in communication]. Saint-Petersburg, Piter

(3) Vygotskiy, L. S. (1983). Sobraniesochinenij (T5). Osnovydefektologii. [Collected

works (Vol.5). The fundamentals of defectology]. Moscow, Pedagogika.

(4) Freud, Z. (2003). Detskijpsikhoanaliz. [Of child psychoanalysis]. Saint-Petersburg,

Piter.

(5) Florou, A., Widdershoven, M. A., Giannakopoulos, G., &Christogiorgos, S.

(2016).Working Through Physical Disability in Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy with an

Adolescent Boy. Psychoanalytic Social Work, 23 (2), 119-129

 8

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURES AND STUDIES

This chapter presents a review of related literature and studies which bear

significance to the present study. It includes the Synthesis of the State of the art, Research

gaps bridged by the study, Conceptual Framework and Definition of terms.

Related Literature

The researcher came across a number of related literatures which bear

significance to the present study.

Al Ubaidi (2016) states that the meaning of a family dynamic is the plan of

relatives' relations and cooperations including numerous essential components (family

courses of action, pecking orders, guidelines, and examples of family associations).

Every family is one of a kind in its attributes; having a few supportive and unhelpful

elements. Relational intricacies will eventually impact the manner in which youngsters

see themselves/others and the world. It will likewise affect their connections/practices

and their future prosperity. The casualties of broken families may have decided denied

blameworthy emotions.1

The cited literature pointed out that the key in every family institutions are the

family systems and dynamics since it is the core morality and the basis of children’s

behavior, everything that is inside of it will greatly impact the youngsters. This insight

bears significance to the present study which determines where the cause and effect take
 9

place on the psychosocial behavior of children.

According to the South Eastern Centre against Sexual Assault & Family Violence

in 2017, the mother supposedly has flopped on a very basic level. Right off the bat, she is

viewed as a broken spouse who does not satisfy her appointed job as sexual supplier for

the husband, or her supporting job as mother and defender of her kid. She does this by

absenting herself either sincerely or physically from her kids by working outside of the

home, seeking after outside interests and exercises, or through sickness, hospitalization,

getting away into despondency, or by being genuinely and additionally explicitly bone

chilling.

Also, this view expect that the mother's inability to give sufficient sustaining

implies the affection starved and enchanting kid goes to and acknowledges the lewd

gestures of the sex-starved dad as a substitute for the mother's adoration.

Thirdly, both the mother and father are viewed as broken grown-ups who look for

a job inversion and breaking down between generational limits with the tyke cast in the

job of fulfilling the sexual needs of the dad while accepting a defensive job towards the

mother. The mother as far as anyone knows designs the depraved relationship by getting

huge obligation is one youngster, for example, housework, kid care and wifely

obligations towards her dad.2

The cited literature dealt on the significance of the mother’s obligation to the

family. Cease to function; it will serve as the catalyst of dysfunction until the family is

broken. These insights bear relevance to the present study, which determines the impact

effect of how the student is affected psychologically and psychosocially.

 10

According to Shek in 2010, the association between family functioning and

adolescent adjustment was examined in 429 Chinese adolescents via children's and

parents' reports. The ratings obtained from the different sources indicated that family

functioning was significantly related to measures of (a) adolescent psychological well-

being (general psychiatric morbidity, life satisfaction, purpose in life, hopelessness, and

self-esteem), (b) school adjustment (perceived academic performance and school

conduct), and (c) problem behavior (smoking and abusing psychotropic drugs). The

findings suggest that there is an intimate link between family functioning and the

psychosocial adjustment, particularly the positive mental health,of Chinese adolescents.3

The reviewed literature expressed affirmation about the different styles affecting

the child psychological and psychosocial behavior of students. This bear relevance to the

researchers’ study on finding the specific problems those children possesses especially

the students.

According to Hearts Apart Focus Group Discussion Research, the departure of

one or two parents leaves an emotional mark on the young children left behind. The

children long for the presence of the migrant parent(s), especially when mothers are

away.

(Arlan, 2009) suggests that the children are attended to by the family- mostly the

mothers when it is the fathers who migrate, other female relatives and extended family

when both parents are out. Despite the emotional displacement, the children of migrants

are not disadvantaged the children of non- migrants in many dimensions of well- being. 4

Thus, when the family is stable, it can withstand the separation imposed by
 11

migration. In relation to the present study, the cited literature explains the longing for the

presence of their parents and the stability of a family with migrant parent.

According to Anxiety Canada (n.d.), Children with separation anxiety disorder

(SAD) experience extreme distress when they become separated from their loved ones,

especially their parents. Aside from fearing separation itself, children with these types of

disorder have these kinds of worrying that something terrible might happen to their

family as a whole or just the members when they are far separated from each other. This

SAD or separated anxiety disorder are most common amongst children aged 3 to 12.5

According to Resnick ,et. al. (2012), Compared with peers whose parents are

often absent throughout the day, teens whose parents are present when they go to bed,

wake up, and come home from school are less likely to experience emotional distress.

Teens were less likely to experience emotional distress if their parents were in the home

when they awoke, when they came home from school, at dinnertime, and when they went

to bed. They were also less likely to experience emotional distress if they engaged in

activities with their parents, and if their parents had high expectations regarding their

academic performance. In addition, those who had low self-esteem were more likely to

experience emotional distress.6

The cited literature is relevant to the study since it discusses the ways on how to

get over to the emotional distress due to the parent’s absenteeism

According to American Psychological Association, children ages 12 below are

most likely to be prone to mental disruptions like change of moods or permanent change

of their point of view towards their parent’s reasons for going to other countries to work.
 12

Although children ages 13 and above can now think independently but still need parental

guidance (Jordan n.d). 9

The aforementioned literature dealt on the extent of longing that it affects the

mental health of children or students. In relation to the present study, the mentioned

literature contributes an understanding on how long-term separation of children and

parents greatly affects students or children mentally or psychologically and

psychosocially.

Parenting experts and psychologists were alarmed on the effects of migration of

parents to their children’s behavior who are living far from them or living with their

relatives. In Latin America, studies found out that one of the effects of migration of

parents to other countries is teenage pregnancy and drugs due to less or no parental

guidance provided to the children (Anna et. al. 2007)8

The cited literature dealt on the significance in parenting and the student longing

and effect on psychosocial behavior as well. This insights bear relevance to the present

study, which determines the impact of family dysfunction and its intent on resolving

those impacts.

Brown University (2019), misuse and disregard restrain the improvement of

youngsters' trust on the planet, in others, and in them. Later as grown-ups, these

individuals may think that it's hard to confide in the practices and expressions of others,

their own decisions and activities, or their very own faculties of self worth. As anyone

might expect, they may encounter issues in their scholastic work, their connections, and

in their very personalities.

 13

In the same way as other individuals, mishandled and dismissed relatives

frequently battle to translate their families as "typical." The more they need to suit to

cause the circumstance to appear to be ordinary (e.g., "No, I wasn't beaten, I was simply

hit. My dad isn't vicious, it's simply his way"), the more prominent is their probability of

misconstruing themselves and creating negative self ideas (e.g., "I made them come; I'm
9
a spoiled child").

The idea of Brown University bears significance in the present study. The

psychosocial behavior of a particular student was affected. Thus, negativity in his/her

reputation increases.

According to Bronfenbrenner (1979), Children normally end up enmeshed in

different biological systems, from the most persona home natural framework to the

bigger educational system, and afterward to the most sweeping framework which

incorporates society and culture. Every one of these environmental frameworks

unavoidably cooperates with the impact of each other in all parts of the youngster’s lives.

Human development is influenced by different environmental systems. The study was

categorized into 5 environmental systems which measures the degree of the human

development. 10

Related Study

According to Minullina in 2018, what dysfunction families share for all intents

and purposes is transcendently unequal child rearing. Youngsters in broken families

experience the ill effects of various feelings of dread that does not compare to their age
 14

standard. It demonstrates their infantilization and regular maturing process log jam. It

was built up those guardians of useless families add to the advancement of mental injury

in their kids.11

The cited study explains the effects and the possible impacts of a disturbed

family. In the present study, it discusses not only the impacts and effects but also the

possible phenomena or events that could happen to the particular child

According to Akbar Hussain (2008) states that the adjustment Inventory for

school students was used to examine the level of adjustment among the students. Results

indicated that magnitude of academic stress was significantly higher among the Public

school students whereas Government school students were significantly better in terms of

their level of adjustment. However, inverse but significant relationships between

academic stress and adjustment were found for both the group of students and for each

type of school.12

King, C. A (1996) Parental connection was conjectured as a mediational variable,

clarifying the connection between parental liquor addiction, family brokenness, and the

outflow of relational misery. College understudies (N= 152) were regulated surveys to

evaluate parental connection, parental liquor addiction, family brokenness, and relational

pain; basic examination was utilized to indicate the relations among estimated builds.

Parental liquor addiction was not a critical indicator of connection to guardians or

relational trouble; in any case, the interceding job of parental connection was clear when

family brokenness was analyzed. As the degree of family brokenness expanded, members

revealed less parental connection and progressively relational trouble. Survey parental
 15

connection as a go between has significant ramifications for hypothesis and clinical

practice.13

Russel (1993) states that social work students were significantly more likely to

come from families in which substance abuse was a problem and to have had a family

member who was a victim of a violent act. In addition, social work students were

significantly more likely to have been sexually abused. 14

It is still hard for the children to process this situation where they question the

reality that they do not live together with their parents.This sometimes leads to

apprehension towards their parents. This also can lead to certain family issues and fights

if not properly addressed and processed. (Conley 2014)15

According to Tresco (2010) a ratio of four-to-one (uplifting feedback to

discipline) is a basic thought when executing any conduct plan. When all is said in done,

grown-ups ought to give the youngster in any event multiple times more uplifting

feedback articulations than remedial remarks. Giving verbal criticism to the tyke utilizing

a four-to-one proportion sets up and keeps up solid, positive instructor understudy and

parent-youngster relationships.16

According to Resnick et. al. (2012), Compared with peers whose parents are often

absent throughout the day, teens whose parents are present when they go to bed, wake up,

and come home from school are less likely to experience emotional distress. Teens were

less likely to experience emotional distress if their parents were in the home when they

awoke, when they came home from school, at dinnertime, and when they went to bed.

They were also less likely to experience emotional distress if they engaged in activities
 16

with their parents, and if their parents had high expectations regarding their academic

performance.17

Mental results might be influenced by sociocultural settings in nations of

inception, particularly where nearby social standards favoring more distant family

inclusion in child rearing challenge models of connection contrived in Euro settings.

Second, negative results for the mental prosperity of isolated youngster may shift

crosswise over various stages in the relocation procedure and over examinations in host

nations is that they don’t analyze tyke psychological wellbeing amid partition. A sensible

presumption is that review after kids have encountered the worries of gathering,

including acclimation guardian, would give just a circuitous sign of prosperity amid the

time of division from a parent and may really catch the proximate factors all the more

firmly (Bohr and Tse 2009).18

The self-destructive mental inpatients and the self-destructive secondary school

students did not contrast in their view of family functioning and mother-pre-adult

connections. Be that as it may, both suicide gatherings detailed more trouble and family

brokenness than did the non - suicidal secondary school understudies. Seen family

working and mother-youthful connections were altogether associated with levels of

melancholy, misery, and confidence.

Navarro and Gorospe (2014) results revealed that the children of OFWs in HEIs

exhibited boredom, headache, and under-eating symptoms of stress. The most reported

stressors were stress from missing their parents and feeling lonely, eating a lot, parents

having high expectations of their children, teachers having high expectations and having

misunderstanding with their best friends or among their close friends. The respondents
 17

manifested a healthy coping mechanism as shown by their average level of positive

management and low level of negative management. Though inversely related, religion

has a bearing on the level of stress of the respondents. The respondents tend to adopt

more of the positive coping strategies when they are stressed.19

According to Martin, S.(2018), Broken families will in general be flighty,

confused, and once in a while startling for youngsters. Kids have a sense of security when

they can depend on their parental figures to reliably meet their physical needs

(sustenance, cover, shielding them from physical maltreatment or damage) and passionate

needs (seeing their emotions, ameliorating them when they're upset). Regularly, this

doesn't occur in useless families since guardians don't satisfy their essential obligations to

accommodate, secure, and support their youngsters. Rather, one of the kids needs to take

on these grown-up obligations at an early age.

Kids likewise need structure and routine to have a sense of security; they have to

recognize what's in store. Be that as it may, in broken families, youngsters' needs are

regularly dismissed or ignored and there aren't clear controls or practical desires. In some

cases there are excessively brutal or subjective principles and different occasions there is

little supervision and no standards or rules for the kids They have an inclination that they

need to tread lightly in their very own home inspired by a paranoid fear of annoying their

folks or releasing their parent's' fury and misuse. For instance, kids in useless families

regularly depict feeling on edge about getting back home from school since they don't

have the foggiest idea what they will discover.20

Synthesis of the State of the Art

 18

Most of the reviewed studies dealt on the effect to psychosocial behavior of

children or students due to family dysfunction. Al UBaidi, Shek and the South Eastern

Centre against Sexual Assault & Family Violence traced the meaning of family dynamics

and how family guidelines and roles affects the stability of the family and its

psychological and psychosocial behavior in every single one member especially the

mother. It also affirms that there are a lot of different styles on how it affects the

psychosocial behavior of the children or students.

Bronfenbrenner explained how environmental systems affect the impacts of

family dysfunction to the psychosocial behavior of students. In his theory, he presented 5

environmental systems that the child belongs to and concluded the possible relationships

of the environmental systems to the impacts of family dysfunction to the psychosocial

behavior of students.

Gaps Bridged by the Study

Previous studies dealt mostly on the effects in behavioral patterns of the student

with dysfunctional families. Some traced its pattern since early childhood to adolescents.

These past studies focused only on the accessible evidence. Not all of valid evidences are

gathered because of the inability to access the person/s who live far from the main city.

The previous study, although, didn't recognize the relationships of the family dysfunction

to the financial needs of the student that resulted in his/her huge change in psychosocial

behavior.
 19

The present study determines the possible effects of family dysfunction to the

psychosocial behavior of students. Their change of personality, interactions to people

around him/her, their disturbed financial status and their coping mechanisms are the gaps

bridged in this research.

Theoretical Framework

Figure 1.a. shows the connection of the theory to the present study. The

Ecological Theory explains the relationships of an individual to the community or the

wider society. It is divided into 5 systems and each system describes the level of the

relationships and interactions of the individuals. In the study, the theory gives various

guides to determine the socio-demographic profile of the students who are included in the

study. It also determines the place origin of the issue and the possible impacts of the issue

to the students.

The Structural Functionalism Theory explains the society being complex and its

parts working together to promote solidarity and stability. In this study, the family works

just like the society that the theory presents. But in this study, both mother and father are

dysfunctional. Since the mother is more prominent of the two and was too, dysfunctional,

she carries the most percentage of the impact of the issue to their child.

According to Eric Ericson’s Psychosocial theory, personality is developed

through the 8 stages of psychosocial development in which each stage has a psychosocial

crisis that the person deals and may have a positive or negative outcome. In the study, the

students are now undergoing Stage 5 which is Identity vs. Role Confusion. The stage that
 20

determines the impact of family dysfunction is stage 3 and 4. The impacts of family

dysfunction trigger mostly the negative outcome of the development stage of the student.
 21

Theoretical Paradigm

FAILED FAILED FAILED

Sexual provider for husband
Nurturing role as mother
Protector of her child
Absenting herself either
emotionally or physically from
her children by working
outside of the home
To provide adequate nurturing As Mother and Father that
which loving was starved seeks reversal role who seek a
role reversal and disintegration
Seductive child turns to and between generational
accepts the sexual advances of boundaries with the child cast
the sex-starved father as a in the role of satisfying the
substitute for the mother's sexual needs of the father
love. while assuming a protective
role towards the mother

Family Dysfunction Approach

Psychosocial Stages

Figure 1: Theoretical Paradigm

 22

Conceptual Framework

Figure 1.b. presents the conceptual paradigm of the study. As shown, the

independent variable is the student in terms of the location of the school and the house,

impacts of family dysfunction to his/her psychosocial behavior and the types of possible

causes of family dysfunction that can affect the academic performance of the student. The

dependent variables to consider are the coping mechanisms that they will employ, the

possible impacts of the employed actions to promote good or bad psychosocial behavior,

the level of feeling they have when interacting with someone, and their status regarding

academic performances.
 23

Conceptual Paradigm

Socio-demographic Profile

Sexual
Maltreatment Figure 2: Conceptual Paradigm

FAMILY DYSFUNCTION Domestic

Violence

Divorced or
Widowed
parent/s

Impacts

Coping Mechanisms

Good Effects Bad Effects

ACADEMIC
PERFORMANCES
 24

Definition of Terms

Family - a group consisting of parents and children living together in a household.

Behavior - the way in which one acts or conducts oneself, especially toward others.

Psychosocial Behaviour - Psycho-Social Behavior is behavior directed towards society,

or taking place between members of the same species. Behaviors such as predation-which

involves members of different species-are not social. It is a combination of psychology

and social behaviour.

Coping - to invest one's own conscious effort, to solve personal and interpersonal

problems, in order to try to master, minimize or tolerate stress and conflict. The

psychological coping mechanisms are commonly termed coping strategies or coping

skills.

Coping Mechanisms - The methods generated and used to solve a particular problem

that benefits the person or the other people around him/her

Dysfunction - deviation from the norms of social behavior in a way regarded as bad.
 25

NOTES

Related Literature

(1) Al Ubaidi BA. (2017). Cost of Growing up in Dysfunctional Family. Retrieved

August 16, 2019 from: https://clinmedjournals.org/articles/jfmdp/journal-of-family-

medicine-and-disease-prevention-jfmdp-3-059.php?jid=jfmdp

(2) South Eastern Centre Against Sexual Assault & Family Violence (2017). The family

dysfunction approach. Retrieved August 16, 2019 from:

https://www.secasa.com.au/pages/theories-on-why-sexual-abuse-happens/the-family-

dysfunction-approach/

(3) Shek, Daniel. (2003). Family Functioning and Psychological Well-Being, School

Adjustment, and Problem Behavior in Chinese Adolescents With and Without Economic

Disadvantage. The Journal of genetic psychology. 163. 497-502.

10.1080/00221320209598698.

(4) CourseHero.com (2015). Chapter-II (1) – Chapter 2 Review of Related Literature.

Retrieved February 11, 2019. https://www.coursehero.com/file/12653953/chapter-II-1/

(5) AnxietyCanada (n.d.). Separation Anxiety. Retrieved January 11, 2019 from:

https://www.anxietycanada.com/parenting/separation-anxiety-disorder

(6) Resnick M. D. et al., (2012). “Protecting Adolescents from Harm: Findings from the

National Longitudinal Study on Adolescent Health,” Journal of the American Medical

Association 278, No. 10 : 823–832.

 26

(7) Jordan L.P. Resilience and well-being among children of Migrant Parents of South-

east Asia: Child Development (n.d.) Vol. 83.

(8) Anna D.E et. al. (2007). The Impact of International Migration: Children Left Behind

in Selected Countries of Latin America and the Caribbean.

(9) BrownUniversity. (2019). Dysfunction Family Relationships. Retrieved August 16,

2019 from: https://www.brown.edu/campus-life/support/counseling-and-psychological-

services/dysfunctional-family-relationships

(10) Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979): The Ecological Theory. Retrieve August 2019 from

https://explorable.com/ecological-systems-theory

Related Studies

(11) F. Minullina, A. (2018). Psychological Trauma Of Children Of Dysfunctional

Families. 65-74. 10.15405/epsbs.2018.09.8.

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CHAPTER III

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the method and procedures that were utilized by the

researchers in conducting the study. This includes the research design, population and

sample, research instruments and data gathering procedure.

Research Method

This study will determine the Impacts of Family Dysfunction to Psychosocial

Behavior of Students of Sorsogon National High School Grade 11.

The design to be employed by this study is quasi – experimental design. It is the

method to be used since they bring in features from both experimental and non

experimental designs. Measured variables can be brought in, as well as manipulated

variables. It is quasi-experimental primarily since it seeks the cause and effect of the two

or more variables; performances to school

The researchers believed that this study will serve as a basis for future research

and will bear significance to the said participants to be examined and to those who are in

the Significance of the Study.

Population and Sample

This study used purposive sampling technique to get the 20 selected Grade 11 &

12 SHS students in SNHS whose characteristics matched the said requirements to be the

participant.
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Research Instrument

The researchers adapted the technique of Psychometrics to get the data from the

said participants. Before the conducting of research, the researchers will group the

participants according to the category set by the researchers.

During the conducting of research, the researchers will use the adapted

psychometrics in the form of an interview sheet to get the data from the participants.

The result of the interview is transcribed and analyzed using proofreading

techniques to finalize and conclude the data gathered.

Sources of Data

We only gather the data first-hand. Meaning we conduct the survey from actual

respondents. The data is not modified or altered and is raw and original.
 30

Data Gathering Procedure

After the purposive sampling technique, the participants are now determined and

ready to be interviewed. The adapted Psychometrics then used to gather the data needed

in the study.

The researchers will now transcribe and encode the exact statement or

information gathered from the participants. This will serve as the concrete evidence

classified to prove validity of the study. The researched will now arrange and analyze the

Sampling Method

The researchers will use Non-Probability Sampling as a method in collecting

participants. The samples are selected for a specific purpose with a pre-determined basis
of selection.

Statistical Treatment

The data gathered in this study uses the Stratified sampling formula wherein the

population is divided into 4 categories: age; gender; religion; and academic background.

The answers are categorized and the percentage of the answer will be determined using

the percentage formula.

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Percentage Formula

𝐹 𝑥 100
P = Percentage i𝑃 =
𝑁

F = Frequency

N = total number of respondents