Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Tabular and
graphical
presentation of
data
OBJECTIVES . . .
When you have completed the
chapter, you will be able to :
1. Identify the different types of graphs
that are used to represent organized
data.
2. Draw the graph corresponding to each
type.
3. Determine which to use each
particular type of graph.
4. Appreciate the advantage of using
graphs to analyse data.
TYPES OF GRAPHS
A large amount of data are being
collected everyday by private business,
government agencies and non-
governmental organizations (NGO’s).
Such data are a vast potential source of
vital information for decision making.
However, the data are practically
useless, unless they are properly
organized and then presented in
simple, easy-to-understand form.
Properly presented, they
provide meaningful insights into
corporate and government
activities.
Such insights, in turn, can
yield conclusions that can greatly
influence both day-to-day
decisions and policies which may
have long-term effects
There are several
ways or forms of
presenting organized
data.
These are:
•Textual form
•Tabular form
•Graphical form
There are several ways of
presenting data in
graphical form.
These are:
1. Line Graph
2. Bar Graph
•Vertical Bar Graph
•Horizontal Bar Graph.
3. Pictograph
•Vertical Pictograph
•Horizontal
Pictograph
4. Divided Bar Graph
5. Group-of-Bars Graph
6. Combination Graph
(Divided and
Group-of-Bars)
7. Pie Chart
A standard presentation usually
consists of the following:
TITLE
Tabular
Presentation of
Data
Graph or
Chart
SOURCE:
The Title includes information on the following:
• What the data is about
• Location
(agency/company/region/
country)
• Time Period
• Units of currency used
(this maybe shown either
in the title on below of
particular column
heading)
The Line Graph
25
20
15
10
0
1 2 3 4 5 6
ANNUAL SALES OF XYZ CORPORATION, YR 1 TO YR 6
SALES ( PM )
25
20
15 Annual Sales
(Million Pesos)
10 P 10 M
0
YEAR
1 2 3 4 5
The Vertical Bar Graph
B
Number of
C Housing units
(Millions )
D
E
MILLION UNITS
0 2 4 6 8
The Vertical Pictograph
A pictograph presents
statistical data in pictures
although it might as well
be a simple vertical or
horizontal bar graph. Let
us illustrate the Vertical
Pictograph with the
following data:
Money Supply, Year 1 to Year 4
200
100
0
1 2 3 4
Horizontal Pictograph
Let us illustrate
this type of graph by
using the same data
that we used in
constructing a
Horizontal Bar Graph.
Number of Housing Units in Selected Asian
Cities
E
Divided Bar Graph
400
350
300 Oth
ND
250
Ed
200
SD
150
ED
100
50
0
YEAR 1 YEAR 2 YEAR 3
Group-of-Bars Graph
10
30 50
ED
SD
60 40 Ed
ND
OTH