Chapter 4:

Shear and

Chapter 3: Moment
Diagram

Torsion
Chapter 5:
Stresses
In beams
Helical Springs
Are analyzed with the combined effects of
simple shearing stress and torsional shearing stress
P P P

P P

PR
R P
P P R
 P
P
PR
PR

d
The derived formulas are:

Where:
– Torsional Shearing Stress
P - Axial Force Applied
R – Mean Radius
d – Wire Diameter
The derived formulas are:

Where:
P - Axial Force Applied
R – Mean Radius
d – Wire Diameter
n – Number of Turns
Example :
Two steel springs arranged in series
support a load P. The upper string has 12
turns of 25 mm diameter wire on a mean
radius of 10omm. The lower spring consists
of 10 turns of 20 mm diameter wire on a
mean radius of 75 mm. If the maximum
shearing stress in either spring must not
exceed 200 MPa, compute the maximum
value of P and the total elongation of the
assembly. Use G = 83 GPa.

P
Example :
A helical spring is made by wrapping steel wire
20 mm in diameter around forming a cylinder 150
mm in diameter. Compute the number of turns
required to permit an elongation of 100 mm without
exceeding a shearing stress of 140 MPa. Use G = 83
GPa.
Example :
A rigid bar, hinged at one end, is supported by
two springs as shown. The first spring consists of 20
turns of 20 mm diameter wire on a mean diameter of
150 mm. The second spring has 30 turns of 20 mm
diameter wire on a mean diameter of 200 mm.
Compute the maximum shearing stress in the
springs. Neglect the mass of the rigid bar.

A
1m 2m 1m
15kg
Example :
A rigid plate of negligible mass rests on a central
spring which is 20 mm higher than the
symmetrically located outer springs. Each of the
outer springs consists of 18 turns of 10 mm wire on a
mean diameter of 100 mm. The central spring has 24
turns of 20mm wire on a mean diameter of 150 mm.
If a load P = 5 kN is now applied to the plate, use
G=83 GPa. (a) Determine the carried by the central
spring (b) Shearing Stress of each spring.
Example :
A rigid bar, hinged at one end, is supported by
two springs as shown. The first spring consists of 20
turns of 20 mm diameter wire on a mean diameter of
150 mm. The second spring has 30 turns of 20 mm
diameter wire on a mean diameter of 200 mm.
Compute the maximum shearing stress in the
springs. Neglect the mass of the rigid bar.

A
1m 1.5 m 1m
10kg
Example :
A load P is supported by two concentric steel
springs arranged as shown. The inner spring consists
of 30 turns of 20 mm diameter wire on a mean
diameter of 150 mm. The outer spring has 20 turns
of 30 mm diameter wire on a mean diameter of 200
mm. Compute the maximum load P that will not
exceed as shearing stress of 140 MPa in either spring.
Use G = 83 GPa. P
Example :
A homogeneous 50 kg rigid block is suspended
by three springs whose lower ends were originally at
the same level. Each steel spring has 24 turns of 10
mm diameter wire on a mean diameter of 100 mm, G
= 83 GPa. The bronze spring has 48 turns of 20 mm
diameter wire on a mean diameter of 150 mm, and G
= 42 GPa. Compute the maximum shearing stress in
each spring if the allowable stress in steel is 40 MPa.

Bronze
Steel

1m 2m
50 kg