OCULAR THERAPEUTICS

DEFINITION OF TERMS D. Peribulbar

III. Intracameral
Pharmacodynamics - otherwise known as mechanism of IV. Intravenous
action, refers to the therapeutic effect of the drug V. Systemic - oral, intravitreal, intramuscular
a) Agonist of antagonist
b) Activator or inhibitor COMMON DRUGS USED IN THE EYE CLINIC

Pharmacokinetics - its effect on the eye 1. Anesthetic - topical and injectable

1. Absorption o Alcaine - proparacaine hydrochloride
2. Distribution
3. Metabolism 2. Mydriatic - red cap
4. Excretion o Phenylephrine
o Tropicamide
Tears o Atropine
 Oil - secreted by the meibomian glands  strong cycloplegic
 Aqueous  paralyzes muscles of
 Mucus layer - hydrophobic, glycoproteins from accommodation
goblet cells  can last up to 14-28 days
 press on the nasolacrimal area
DRUG EFFECTS ON EYE STRUCTURES 3. Miotic - green cap
o Pilocarpine
1. Cornea, sclera and conjunctiva o Carbachol
2. Iris o Notorious for headaches and vomiting
3. Ciliary body and aqueous humor
4. Lens
5. Vitreous
6. Retina and optic nerve

FACTORS AFFECTING DRUG PENETRATION

1. Drug concentration and solubility - more

concentrated, the greater the penetrability
2. Viscosity
3. Lipid solubility - more soluble, greater penetrance
4. Surfactants
5. pH - acidic or alkaline, mahapdi sa mata. Isotonic
0.9% 4. Anti-glaucoma drugs
6. Drug tonicity o PGA (latanoprost, bimataprost, travaprost)
7. Molecular weight and size - greater size and weight, o Beta blockers (ololtimolo, betaxolol)
lesser penetrance o Alpha agonist ( brimonidine)
o Carbonic anhydrace inhibitors
DRUG DELIVERY (brinzolamide, dorzolamide,
acetazolamide)
I. Topical administration o Osmotic agents (mannitol, glycerine)
A. Solutions and suspensions
B. Gels - 2 to 4x a day 5. Anti-infective drugs (antibacterial, anti-fungal,
C. Ointments - pediatric patients, lesser times antiviral)
of application, messy and blurred in adults 6. Anti-inflammatory agents (corticosteroids, NSAIDs)
D. Lid scrubs 7. Special preparations (artificial tears,
E. Solid delivery devices - contact lens, decongestants, antiallergy)
collagen shields, filter paper strips, cotton
wafts

II. Periocular injections

A. Subconjunctival
B. Subtenon’s
C. Retrobulbar - prior to cataract extraction or
eye surgery

REYES [LCUP 2021] 1