Lecture 5

CAED Dr P V Ramana Dr. P V Ramana 1

 In this topic various plane figures are the objects.
What is usually asked in the problem?
To draw their projections means F.V, T.V. & S.V.
What will be given in the problem?
Description of the plane figure.
It’s position with H.P and V.P.
In which manner it’s position with H.P & V.P will be described?
1.Inclination of it’s SURFACE with one of the reference planes will be given
2. Inclination of one of it’s EDGES with other reference plane will be given
(Hence this will be a case of an object inclined to both reference Planes.)
Study the illustration showing
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surface & side inclination given on next page.
 CASE OF A RECTANGLE – OBSERVE AND NOTE ALL STEPS.

SURFACE INCLINED TO H.P ONE SMALL SIDE INCLINED TO V.P

PICTORIAL PRESENTATION PICTORIAL PRESENTATION

ORTHOGRAPHIC ORTHOGRAPHIC
F.V- Inclined to XY F.V- Apparent Shape
T.V- Reduced Shape T.V-Previous Shape
V.P
V.P
d1’ c1’

a1’ b1’

a1 d1

b1 c1
CAED
H.P Dr P V RamanaB H.P C 3
PROCEDURE OF SOLVING THE PROBLEM:
IN THREE STEPS EACH PROBLEM CAN BE SOLVED:( As Shown In Previous Illustration )

STEP 1. Assume suitable conditions & draw F.V & T.V of initial position.
STEP 2. Now consider surface inclination & draw 2nd F.V & T.V.
STEP 3. After this, consider side/edge inclination and draw 3rd ( final) F.V & T.V.
ASSUMPTIONS FOR INITIAL POSITION:
(Initial Position means assuming surface // to H.P or V.P) Now Complete STEP 2. By making
surface inclined to the resp plane
1.If in problem surface is inclined to H.P – assume it // H.P & project it’s other view.
Or If surface is inclined to V.P – assume it // to V.P (Ref. 2nd pair B on previous page
2. Now if surface is assumed // to H.P- It’s T.V will show True Shape. illustration )
And If surface is assumed // to V.P – It’s F.V will show True Shape.
3. Hence begin with drawing T.V or F.V as True Shape.
4. While drawing this True Shape –
Now Complete STEP 3. By making side
keep one side/edge ( which is making inclination) perpendicularinclined to xy line
to the resp plane & project it’s
( similar to pair no. A on previous page illustration ). other view. (Ref. 3nd pair C on
previous page illustration )

CAED Dr P V Ramana 4
APPLY SAME STEPS TO SOLVE NEXT ELEVEN PROBLEMS
 CASE OF A RECTANGLE – OBSERVE AND NOTE ALL STEPS.

SURFACE PARALLEL TO H.P SURFACE INCLINED TO H.P ONE SMALL SIDE INCLINED TO V.P
PICTORIAL PRESENTATION PICTORIAL PRESENTATION PICTORIAL PRESENTATION

ORTHOGRAPHIC ORTHOGRAPHIC ORTHOGRAPHIC

T.V-True Shape F.V- Inclined to XY F.V- Apparent Shape
F.V- Line // to xy T.V- Reduced Shape T.V-Previous Shape
V.P
V.P V.P
d1’ c1’

a’ d’ a1’ b1’
b’ c’

a d a1 d1

b c b1 c1
H.P A CAED
H.P Dr P V RamanaB H.P C 5
Problem 1:
Rectangle 30mm and 50mm sides is resting on
H.P on one small side which is 300 inclined to
V.P, while the surface of the plane makes 450
inclination with H.P. Draw it’s projections.
Read problem and answer following questions
1. Surface inclined to which plane? ------- H.P
2. Assumption for initial position? ------// to H.P
3. So which view will show True shape? --- T.V
4. Which side will be vertical? ---One small side.
Hence begin with T.V, draw rectangle below X-Y
drawing one small side vertical.

Surface inclined to H.P

Surface // to H.P
d’c’ c’1 d’1
c’d’
b’ a’
b’ a’ 450 b’1 a’1 Y
X 300
a d a1 d1 Side
Inclined
to V.P

b c b1 c1

CAED Dr P V Ramana 6
Problem 2:
A 300 – 600 set square of longest side 100 mm long, is
in V.P and 300 inclined to H.P while it’s surface is 450
inclined to V.P. Draw it’s projections.
(Surface & Side inclinations directly given)
Read problem and answer following questions
1 .Surface inclined to which plane? ------- V.P
2. Assumption for initial position? ------// to V.P
3. So which view will show True shape? --- F.V
4. Which side will be vertical? ------longest side.

a’ a’1

c’ c’1
side inclined to H.P
c’1
a’1

b’1
b’1
b’
300
X a
b 450 a1 b1 Y
a c
b c1
c
Surface // to V.P Surface inclined to V.P
Hence begin with F.V, draw triangle above X-Y keeping longest side vertical.
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Problem 3: Read problem and answer following questions
1 .Surface inclined to which plane? ------- V.P
A 300 – 600 set square of longest side 100 mm long is in V.P and it’s
2. Assumption for initial position? ------// to V.P
surface 450 inclined to V.P. One end of longest side is 10 mm and
3. So which view will show True shape? --- F.V
other end is 35 mm above H.P. Draw it’s projections.
4. Which side will be vertical? ------longest side.
(Surface inclination directly given. Side inclination indirectly given)
Hence begin with F.V, draw triangle above X-Y
keeping longest side vertical.

First TWO steps are similar to previous problem.

Note the manner in which side inclination is given.
a’ a’1 End A 35 mm above H.P & End B is 10 mm above H.P.
So redraw 2nd F.V as final F.V placing these ends as said.
c’ c’1
c’1
a’1

35
b’1
b’1
b’
X 10 Y
a a1
b 450 b1
a c
b c1
c

CAED Dr P V Ramana 8
Problem 4: Read problem and answer following questions
A regular pentagon of 30 mm sides is resting on H.P on one 1. Surface inclined to which plane? ------- H.P
of it’s sides with it’s surface 450 inclined to H.P. Draw it’s 2. Assumption for initial position? ------ // to H.P
projections when the side in H.P makes 300 angle with V.P 3. So which view will show True shape? --- T.V
4. Which side will be vertical? -------- any side.
Hence begin with T.V, draw pentagon below, X-Y line, taking one side vertical.
SURFACE AND SIDE INCLINATIONS
ARE DIRECTLY GIVEN. d’ d’1

c’e’ e’1 c’1

b’ a’
X b’ a’ c’e’ d’ 450 a’1 b’1 Y
a1 300
e e1
e1
a a1 b1

d1
d
d1 c1
b b1

c c1
CAED
Problem 5:
A regular pentagon of 30 mm sides is resting on
H.P on one of it’s sides while it’s opposite vertex
(corner) is 30 mm above H.P. Draw projections
Dr P V Ramana
when side in H.P is 300 inclined to V.P. 9
Problem 5: Read problem and answer following questions
A regular pentagon of 30 mm sides is resting on 1. Surface inclined to which plane? ------- H.P
H.P on one of it’s sides while it’s opposite vertex 2. Assumption for initial position? ------ // to H.P
3. So which view will show True shape? --- T.V
(corner) is 30 mm above H.P. Draw projections 4. Which side will be vertical? --------any side.
when side in H.P is 300 inclined to V.P. Hence begin with T.V, draw pentagon below
SURFACE INCLINATION INDIRECTLY GIVEN X-Y line, taking one side vertical.
SIDE INCLINATION DIRECTLY GIVEN:

ONLY CHANGE is the manner in which surface inclination is described:

One side on H.P & it’s opposite corner 30 mm above H.P.
Hence redraw 1st F.V as a 2nd F.V making above arrangement.
Keep a’b’ on xy & d’ 30 mm above xy. d’ d’1

c’e’ e’1 c’1

30

b’ a’ d’ a’
X c’e’ b’ a’1 b’1 Y
300
e1 a1
e
e1
a a1 b1

d d1
d1 c1
b b1

c c1
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CAED Dr P V Ramana 11