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Capacity Control Screw Chillers PDF
Capacity Control Screw Chillers PDF
Abridged version
The difference between the methods lies in the quality of the control – stepped or infi-
nite – and in the achievable part-load efficiencies.
The following comparison shows results from extensive measurings of two “modern”
methods of capacity control of a semi-hermetic compact-screw compressor, slider con-
trol, and speed control by frequency inverter.
Slider control
The slider control allows an adaptation of the compressor
displacement to the power requirement by shifting the start
70
of the compression process through an axial slide of the
control slider. At the same time the outlet window is adapted tc [°C]
to the newly developing displacement in this series. LI CR 75% CR 50%
60
CR 25%
Speed control 50
The slider of the compressor, starting from the full load posi- Fig. 2 shows the power consumption with frequency inverter
tion 100% had been positioned to nominal 75%, 50% and in comparison to direct net operation.
25%. The cooling capacity which results thereof can –
The higher power consumption at FI operation is based on
dependent on the pressure ratio – deviate from the nominal
the efficiency ratio of the FI, and by a smaller part, which
values.
cannot be defined by measuring technique, on the reduced
For the measurings with frequency inverter the operating fre- efficiency ratio of the electric motor, when supplied with the
quency of the compressor had been selected in such a way pulsed tension by the FI.
that in each measured operating point the cooling capacity
The further examinations are made for each single measu-
adjusted to a value that was identical with the slider position.
red condensing temperature of 30°C, 40°C, and 50°C.
In addition to the directly comparable measurings the opera-
At 30°C condensing temperature the relative power con-
ting frequency at the max. tension of 400 Volts was increa-
sumption shows a continuous curve for FI operation. The
sed so far over 50 Hz that the voltage limit of the motor was
relative power consumption at the slider control lies partly
achieved.
above, partly below the power consumption for FI operation.
This unsteady behaviour is caused by a volume ratio, defi-
ned in various slider positions. The results show that this
5 Volume ratio compressor is not optimised for the relatively low condensing
temperature of 30°C. This is quite common as air cooled A/C
systems do not work with such low condensing temperatu-
The volume ratio of the compressor is defined by the posi-
tion of the suction contour and the size of the discharge port.
The outlet window consists of an opening, which is axially
aligned in the discharge flange and a discharge port, which
Comparison of control with slider or FI
is radially integrated in the control slider. 110
The partial integration of the discharge port into the slider 100
leads to an automatic adaptation of the outlet window at part
Power consumption in [%]
104,0
tc = 50°C 90
103,5
80
with FI [%]
103,0 ideal
tc = 40°C
102,5 70 to = 10°C (S)
to = 10°C (FI)
102,0 to = 0°C (S)
60
tc = 30°C to = 0°C (FI)
101,5 to = -10°C (S)
50 to = -10°C (FI)
101,0
-10 -5 0 5 10 R407C tc = 40°C
40
Evaporation temperature [°C] 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Cooling capacity in [%]
Fig. 2 Relative power consumption in comparison FI-operation at Abb. 4 Curve of power consumption at 30°C condensing
50 Hz / net operation at full load temperature
Oper. point current cons. Imax max. freq. for Imax = 94,5 A
Comparison of control with slider or FI
110 -10°C/40°C 69,1 A 105 A 78 Hz
80 ideal
to = 10°C (S)
For the operating point to = 0°C, tc = 45°C the operating
to = 10°C (FU) behaviour of the compressor has been recorded for operati-
70 to = 0°C (S) on with FI. The maximum frequency resulted in 74 Hz.
to = 0°C (FU)
R407C tc = 50°C Fig. 7 shows the FI increase of the cooling capacity and the
60
COP above the speed. Both values do not behave proportio-
50 60 70 80 90 100
nally to the speed increase.
Cooling capacity in [%]
70 0,98
Condensing temperature [°C]
Slider (100%)
0,96
Relative capacity and COP
60
Qo
FI (50Hz) 0,94
50
0,92
40 0,9
COP
30 0,88
0,86
20 R407C (dew points)
∆toh = 10 K (50Hz) 0,84
50 55 60 65 70 75
10
-25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 Operating frequency [Hz]
Evaporation temperature [°C]
Abb. 6 Application limits Abb. 7 Relative curve of capacity and COP at frequencies above
50Hz
160
170
Cooling capacity [kW]
Qo (proportional)
160 140
Power consumption [%]
150 120
Qo (Measurement)
140 100
Umax = 400V
130 80 f/I = prop.
proportional
120 60
110 40
50 55 60 65 70 75 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140
Cooling capacity [%]
Operating frequency [Hz]
Fig. 8 Curve of the cooling capacity at over-synchronic operation Fig. 9 Curve of the cooling capacity with FI
7 Summary
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