CASE DIGEST : Villacicencio Vs Lukban

G.R. No. L-14639 March 25, 1919 ZACARIAS VILLAVICENCIO, ET AL., petitioners, vs. JUSTO
LUKBAN, ET AL., respondents.

Facts : One hundred and seventy women were isolated from society, and then at night, without their
consent and without any opportunity to consult with friends or to defend their rights, were forcibly hustled
on board steamers for transportation to regions unknown. Despite the feeble attempt to prove that the
women left voluntarily and gladly, that such was not the case is shown by the mere fact that the presence
of the police and the constabulary was deemed necessary and that these officers of the law chose the
shades of night to cloak their secret and stealthy acts. Indeed, this is a fact impossible to refute and
practically admitted by the respondents.

ISSUE : WON Mayor Lukban has the right to deport women with ill repute.

HELD : Law defines power. No official, no matter how high, is above the law. Lukban committed a grave
abuse of discretion by deporting the prostitutes to a new domicile against their will. There is no law
expressly authorizing his action. On the contrary, there is a law punishing public officials, not expressly
authorized by law or regulation, who compels any person to change his residence Furthermore, the
prostitutes are still, as citizens of the Philippines, entitled to the same rights, as stipulated in the Bill of
Rights, as every other citizen. Thei rchoice of profession should not be a cause for discrimination. It may
make some, like Lukban, quite uncomfortable but it does not authorize anyone to compel said prostitutes
to isolate themselves from the rest of the human race. These women have been deprived of their liberty
by being exiled to Davao without even being given the opportunity to collect their belongings or, worse,
without even consenting to being transported to Mindanao. For this, Lukban etal must be severely
punished