Reference: https://class.ece.uw.

edu/235dl/

Fourier Series:

A function 𝑓(𝑡) is said to be periodic with period T if for all 𝑡, 𝑓(𝑡 + 𝑇) = 𝑓(𝑡); The
positive least value of T is called the fundamental period (or simply, the period) of
𝑓(𝑡). Then,

Fourier Series idea: We can represent all periodic signals as a harmonic series of
the form

Orthogonality of Exponentials, Fourier Coefficients:

Fourier Series and Line Spectra

Convergence, Truncated FS approximation to any degree of accuracy

A SYSTEM is an operation for which cause-and-effect relations exist (x(t) is the

input and y(t) is the output). Systems whose output y(t0) (at time t0) depends on
values of the input other than just x(t0) have memory. Otherwise, the system is
MEMORYLESS. Resistor v(t0) = R i(t0) is memoryless and capacitor has memory.
Reference: https://class.ece.uw.edu/235dl/

Fourier Transform:

We will see that F(ω) can be seen as a "continuous coefficient" of a Fourier Series
if we let the period of a periodic function go to infinity so that the resulting
function becomes aperiodic in the limit. Now, if we let T0, the period of fp(t), go to
infinity (meaning that fp(t) becomes aperiodic), then the fundamental frequency ω0
will go to zero. Then the lines in the plot will get closer and closer together and
merge into a continuous spectrum.
That is, denoting 𝜔0 𝑏𝑦 ∆𝜔, 𝑘𝜔0 𝑏𝑦 𝜔 and then increasing T0 to approach infinity
yields (which makes ∆𝜔 → 0),

Clearly, F(ω) replaces Ck as Δω → 0 and is a continuous function of ω

Example: Compute the fourier transform of

Example: Compute inverse fourier transform of

This is the Fourier

transform of an ideal
low pass filter
Reference: https://class.ece.uw.edu/235dl/

If 2|𝐶𝑘 |2 represents the power contribution from the kth frequency component of a
periodic signal 𝑥𝑝 (𝑡), then |X(ω)|2 represents the energy density of a non-periodic
signal 𝑥(𝑡) distributed along the frequency axis. Notice that the Fourier transform
has the same dimensions as (T.Ck). We can only speak of the energy contained in a
particular frequency band 𝜔1 < 𝜔 < 𝜔2:

Check this out for a table summary of Fourier transform pairs and FT properties