Cambridge Lower Secondary

Maths
STAGE 8: WORK BOOK
SOLUTIONS TO EXERCISES

All the questions and answers in this material have been written by the authors.
Solutions to exercises
Chapter 1 Negative numbers
Adding and subtracting integers

1 a) −8 b) –13 c) −5

d) 9 e) −4 f) –6

2 a) 7 b) −6 c) −3 d) −13

e) −12 f) 17 g) −17 h) 7

3 A – H
B–D
C–J
E–G
F–I

4 Square = –8

Triangle = –2

Multiplying and dividing integers

1
–3  –6 –12

36  –3 12

–36  2 18

–48  –4 –18

2
6  –8  –48 –20  –4  –5 –42  7  –6

–3  –9  27 –4  2  –3  –24 –3  9  –2  –6

–7  –10  –15  –5 45  –9  –20  4 –3  –3  –15  6

Stage 8: Solutions to exercises 1

 3 a) 2 b) −12 c) –9

d) 35 e) −9 f) −44

4 a) 1 − −6 b) −44 ÷ −4 c) −63 ÷ −7

5 a) 28 b) −8 c) –40 d) −60

−6 × 2 2 × −6
6 or
−7 − 5 −7 − 5

7 a) Sometimes true b) Always true

c) Sometimes true d) Never true

Chapter 2 Place value and rounding

Powers of ten; multiplying and dividing by 0.1 and 0.01

1 A and I B and D C and H E and F G and J

2 a) 100 000 b) 1000 000

�
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4 109

5 a) 10.5 b) 0.045

c) 2468.2 d) 0.00028

6 a) 510 b) 21600 c) 19.4

d) 27400 e) 0.45 f) 0.68

7 a) × b) ÷ c) ×

d) ÷ e) × f) ×

8
170  0.1  17 1.7  0.01  0.017
or
0.017  0.01  1.7 17  0.1  170

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 9 a) 0.1 b) 1000 c) 0.01 d) 0.01

10 80

11 1.5 cm

12 Any suitable example. For example, 20 ÷ 0.1 = 200, which is larger than 20.

Comparing and ordering decimals

1 a) 0.7 b) 3.15 c) 10.63

d) 0.5 e) 0.08 f) 0.12

2 a) < b) < c) >

d) > e) > f) <

3 a) = b) ≠ c) ≠ d) =

4 a) 0.02 0.07 0.1  0.16 b) 0.097 0.11 0.138 0.14 c) 0.0053 0.024 0.03  0.042

5 a) 0.7 kg  0.42 kg 409 g  340 g

b) 0.045 km  420.3 cm 4.1m  4.02 m
c) 0.25 m  209 mm
12.5 cm  32 mm

6 a) Any decimal between 0.05 and < 0.1 (for example 0.07)
b) Any decimal between 0.059 and 0.0591 (for example 0.05902)
c) Any value between 40 cm and 40.6 cm (for example 40.4 cm)
d) Two decimals in increasing order between 0.2908 and 0.291 (for example 0.2909 and 0.29094)

7 7.5 metres < 753 cm < 8 metres

8 Mandy is incorrect. There is more than one decimal in that range, for example 1.37 and 1.373.
(There is in fact an infinite number of such decimals).

Rounding numbers

1 a) 1700 b) 28 110 c)  12 000

d) 26 000 e) 427 010 f)  30 000

2 a) 107 b) 9.5 c)  70 d)  4.0

Stage 8: Solutions to exercises 3

 3 a) 0.47 b) 0.16 c)  5.04 d)  4.18

e) 9.58 f) 5.40

4 a) 0.28 kg b) 0.9 kg

5 She is wrong. A possible decimal is, for example, 6.46

6 a) 0.745 b) 0.63

Only one way.

Chapter 3 Fractions, decimals and percentages

Converting between fractions, decimals and percentages

1
Fraction Decimal Percentage

19
0.95 95%
20

2
0.08 8%
25

19
0.38 38%
50

21
0.42 42%
50

7
0.07 7%
100

2 a) 33% b) 13.4% c) 140% d) 0.7%

e) 66% f) 175% g) 3.5% h) 44%

3 a) 0.96 b) 0.625 c) 0.425 d) 0.64

e) 0.185 f) 0.052

7 19 23 27 183
4 a) b) c) d) e)
100 1000 25 250 500
2 22 9 5
f) g) h) i)
25 25 200 8

5 �
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 6 0.45 < x < 0.452

37
7 = 29.6%
125

Recurring and terminating decimals

1 a) 0.625 b)  0.0625 c)  0.6875

2 a) 5 b)  3

3 a) 0.2 b)  0.83

c) 0.61 
d)  0.42

4 They are all recurring decimals, with the numerator as the repeating digits.
17
Eg. = 0.17171717…..
99

Ordering fractions

1 a) > b)  < c)  > d)  <

5 7 1
2 a) b)  c) 
16 9 6

13 3 7
3 a)
18 4 9
5 13 7
b)
8 20 10
5 17 3 13
c)
8 24 4 16

4 Melinda

5 Dan is not correct.

6
= 0.545454…
11
5
= 0.55555555
9
6 5
> , but not because 6 > 5, 11 > 9
11 9

1 5 7 13 2
6 < < < <
2 8 11 20 3

Stage 8: Solutions to exercises 5

 Chapter 4 Mental methods
Deriving new facts

1 a) 1174 b) 1284 c) 1178 d)  786

2 a)  $22.13 b) $24.23 c) $2213 d)  $7.89

3 a) 588 b) 586 c) 592 d)  1587

e) 687 f) 846

4 a) 209 b) 18 c) 1980 d)  396

5 a) 464 b)  405 c) 864 d)  8

6 Various possible answers, for example:

a) 38 × 22 b)  37 × 23 c) 37 × 44 or 74 × 22    d)  37 × 11 or 18.5 × 22

Equivalent fractions, decimals and percentages

1
3
– 44%
5
7
– 45%
10
2
– 60%
3
3 .
– 66.6%
4
9
– 70%
20
11
– 75%
25

2 �
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7
3 a) 28%
b)  0.18 c)  94% d) 
20

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 4 Fraction Percentage Decimal

91
91% 0.91
100

4
80% 0.8
5

17
85% 0.85
20

3
3% 0.03
100

3
5 = 0.15
20
4
= 80%
5

Units of measurement

1 a) 1000 b)  1000 c)  100 d)  90

2 a) > b) > c) < d) =

3
a) cm2 b)  mm c) degrees d)  cm e)  minute

4 1000 g = 1 kg
100 cm = 1 metre

5 1 l = 1000 ml
1t = 1000 kg
1 cm2 = 100 mm2

Chapter 5 Expressions
Equations, formulae and functions

1
In the equation 2x  3  11 d
In the formula s  –
x is a particular value whose t
s, d and t all
value can be worked out
have fixed values
from the equation

In the function y  2x  3 In the formula A  ab

the value of y can be the value of A can be found
calculated for any input if we know the values
value x of a and b

Stage 8: Solutions to exercises 7

 2
3443 x  2x  6 6x  3  y

nm  4 2x  4  x n  28  2n

3 Put a ring around all the formulae.

x  5x  2 20  2n 4(x  2)  16

Volume, V  abc 4x  y  7 Cost  5  number of hours

4 �
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Algebraic operations and index notation

1 a) m3 b)  a2 c)  t 4 d)  q3

2 f × f × f × f × f = f 5 �
y + y + y = y3
u × u = 2u
r × r × r = r3 �
n × m = nm 2

3 m × m × m × m = m4  m + m + m = 3m  m × m = m2

4 a) x × x × x × x × x b) u × u × u c) w × w × w × w × w × w d)  n × n × n × n

5 a) multiplication or addition b) power or addition

c) division or brackets d) subtraction or multiplication

6 �
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�
�

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Simplifying and expanding

1 a) 10 + 4n b)  9 – 5g c)  7 – 5m

d) 2p − 2q + 5 e)  7 – 5d– 5e f)  4m2 + 2m – 13

2
4p  3q  2p  q 2p  2q

q  3p  3q  5p 6p  2q

11p  4q  5p  8q 2p  4q

5p  3q  3p  7q 6p  4q

3 a) 36r
b)  24t c)  4r2

d) 10k2 e)  36u2 f)  m2n

4 a) 6t + 24 b)  10m + 5n − 5 c)  20r + 16q

d) n2 + 4n e)  m2 – 2m f)  2t2 – 6t

g) 8n2 + 20mn + 4n h)  6a2b – 15ab2

5
4(z  3)  4z  1 m(m  4)  2m  4 n(n  3)  n2  3n

t(t  3u)  t2  3ut 6a(2a  4)  8a2  2a cd(2c  3d  1)  2c2d  3cd2  cd

6 a) 5r − 8 + 6r + 2 = 11r – 6 b) 8p + 11 − 9p − 8 = 3 − p

c) 7n(3n + 4) = 21n2 + 28n d) 4n(3n − 2) = 12n2 – 8n

7 a) 3 – 2m b)  8p – 11q − 5

Forming expressions

1 a) ($) 6t b)  ($) 2j + c c) 

($) 3t + m + 2c

2 (Accept equivalent expressions)

a) a + c + 250 b)  ($) b – 6 c)  ($) 37 – b

Stage 8: Solutions to exercises 9

 3 a) Fruit Description Expression for mass
Apple The apple has mass a grams. a grams
The lemon has a mass that is 20 grams less
Lemon a – 20 grams
than the mass of the apple
The grapefruit’s mass is 25 grams more
Grapefruit a + 25 grams
than the mass of the apple
The melon’s mass is three times the mass of
Melon 3a grams
the apple

b) 6a + 5 (grams)

4 4w + 8 (cm)

5 Expression for marks

Child Description of marks
(in terms of x)
Eryl Eryl got x marks x

Flyn Flyn got 5 marks less than Eryl x–5

Georgia Georgia got 15 marks more than Flyn x + 10

Hafa got twice the number of marks as

Hafa 2x + 20
Georgia.

Indira Indira got 10 marks more than Hafa 2x + 30

6 4b – 7

n+6 n
7 or +2
3 3

8 12w +b (grams)

9 L – 5x (cm)

10 a) 8n + 9       b)  8n + 28

Chapter 6 Sequences and functions

Generating sequences

1 a) Subtract 11 Eighth term = 23

b) Add 3 Eighth term = 5

c) Subtract 4 Eighth term = −13

d) Add 0.5 Eighth term = 10.2

1
e) Add 1 Eighth term = 14
4

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 2 a) 22
b)  3.7
c)  -7 d)  1

1 2 3 4
3 a) , , , (in decimal 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8)
5 5 5 5

b) 8, 14, 20, 26, …

c) –1, 1, 3, 5, ….
d) 9.25, 9.5, 9.75, 10

4 a) Multiply by 7 b)  Add 5

c) Multiply by 8 d)  Multiply by 2 and add 5

e) Multiply by 5 and add 1 f)  Multiply by 4 and subtract 2

5
3, 6, 9, 12, 15, … Multiply by 3

2, 5, 8, 11, 14, … Multiply by 7 and add 1

8, 15, 22, 29, 36, … Multiply by 5 and add 3

8, 13, 18, 23, 28, … Multiply by 3 and subtract 1

6 a) Multiply by 11, 220

b) Multiply by 4 and add 5, 85

c) Multiply by 6 and subtract 1, 119

7 a) 25 b)  Multiply by 4 and add 1 c)  121

8 a) 17 b)  Multiply by 3 and add 2 c)  152

9 Pattern 18

Functions and mappings

1 a) INPUT 2 3 OUTPUT

b) Input Output
1 5
2 7
3 9
4 11

Stage 8: Solutions to exercises 11

 c) Input
x
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Output
y
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

2 Input Output

1 8
2 12
3 16
4 20
5 24

3 a) x → 3x + 13
x
b) x → −6
2
c) x → 8(x + 3)
x−2
d) x →
4

2x + 1
e) x →
3

x

4 a) x 4  11 y y  –  11
4

b) x 4 5 y y  5(x  4)

x
c) x 6 3 y y–3
6

x  14
d) x  14 3 y y–
3

x
e) x 3 1 2 y y2 –1
3

4x  3
f) x 4 3 6 y y–
6

5 a) x → 4x + 3 b)  x → 3x + 2

c) x → 6x − 1 d)  x → 7x + 1

e) x → 4x − 2  or  x → 2(2x − 1)

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Chapter 7 Shapes
Right-angled triangles and congruent shapes

1 For example:

a) b) 

c) d) 

2 a) b) 

3 a) EG (or GE) b)  KL (or LK) c) TU (or UT) d)  ZY (or YZ)

4 34 cm

Q R

Stage 8: Solutions to exercises 13

 4.5 cm
..........
4.5 cm
..........
6 54° 63°
............
54° 63°
............

4.5 cm Not to
4.5 cm 4 cm
.......... Not to
scale
4 cm
.......... scale

63°
63°
4 cm
4 cm

7 �
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8 For example: In the first triangle, the two equal sides are 6.5 cm long, but in the second triangle
the equal sides are 6 cm long.

9 a) For example: The squares may not have sides that are equal in length.
b) For example: The angles may not be the same in the two shapes (one could be a square and
the other could be a rhombus).

Quadrilaterals
1 Square Rhombus Parallelogram Rectangle

2 � � �
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�
� �
3 a) The diagonals are not equal in length     b)  Amy

4 �
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isosceles trapzium

5 rhombus trapezium
kite rectangle
parallelogram square

Does the
Yes quadrilateral have No
at least one line
of symmetry?
Yes Are all No Does the
angles equal? Yes shape have two No
pairs of parallel
Are all Are all sides?
Yes No Yes No parallelogram
.......................... trapezium
....................
angles equal? angles equal?

square
............... rectangle ......................
...................... rhombus Are
Yes the diagonals No
perpendicular?

kite
...................... isosceles trapezium
......................

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Alternate and corresponding angles

1 a) alternate angles b)  alternate angles

c) corresponding angles d)  corresponding angles

e) corresponding angles f)  alternate angles

2 a) b) 
B

c) d)

F
D

3
60°

60°

60°

60°

4 �
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5 Angle a = 80°

Angle b = 80°
Angle c = 73°
Angle d = 100°
Angle e = 73°

Stage 8: Solutions to exercises 15

 Chapter 8 Midpoints
Midpoints of a line segment

1 a) y y y b) y
10y 10 10y 10
y y
9
10 9 9
10 9
10 10
8
9 8 8
9 8
9 A 9 A
7
8 7 7
8 7
8 B B 8
6
7 6 6 A
7 6 A
7 B 7
5
6 5 5
6 B 5
6 6
4
5 4 4
5 4
5 5
3
4 3 3
4 3
4 4 B B
2
3 2 2
3 2
3 3 B
1
2 1 1
2 1 B
2 2
0
1 0 0
1 0
A A x x x x
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 70 81 92 103 4 5 6 07 18 29 310 4 5 6 1 70 81 92 103 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
0 0 0 0Midpoint (5, 5)
A
Midpoint x x
0 1 2 (4,3 3)4 5 Midpoint (4,
6 70A81 92 103 4 3) Midpoint (5,
5 6 07 18 29 310 4
5) x 5 6 70 81 92 103 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
x
y
Midpoint (4, 3) y y
Midpoint (5, 5) y
Midpoint (4, 3) Midpoint (5, 5)
10y 10 10y 10
A A
c) 9
10 9
y
9
10
d)  9
y B B
A 10 10 B
8 8 A 8 8 B
9 9 9 9
7
8 7 7
8 7
8 8
6
7 6 6
7 6
7 7
5
6 5 5
6 5
6 6
4
5 4 4
5 4
5 B B 5
3
4 3 3
4 3
4 B 4
2
3 2 2 B
3 2
3 A 3 A
1
2 1 1
2 1
2 A 2
0
1 0 0
1 0 A
1 x x 1 x x
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 70 81 92 103 4 5 6 07 18 29 310 4 5 6 70 81 92 103 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
0 0 0 0
x x x x
Midpoint
0 1 2 (4.5,
3 47) 5 6 Midpoint
70 81 92 (4.5,
103 47) 5 6Midpoint
07 18 29(4,
3105.5)
4 5 6 Midpoint
70 81 92 (4,
103 5.5)
4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Midpoint (4.5, 7) Midpoint (4.5, 7) Midpoint (4, 5.5) Midpoint (4, 5.5)

2 a) M(3, 2) b)  M(6, 5) c)  M(4, 8) d) M(5, 5.5)

e)  M(3, 5) f) 

M(6, −1) g) M(−3, 2) h)  M(2.5, 1.5)

3 Coordinates Coordinates Coordinates of

of A of B midpoint of AB
(11, −4) (7, 1) (9, −1.5)
(5, −3) (12, −11) (8.5, −7)
(−1, −6) (8, −14) (3.5,−10)
(1, 7) (7, 9) (4, 8)
(6, 3) (6, 11) (6, 7)
(12, −5) (4, −11) (8, −8)
(−2, 10) (−7, −6) (−4.5, 2)
(3, 15) (7, −2) (5, 6.5)

4 (−3, −4)

5 a) (0.5, 9.5) b)  (0.5, 9)

c) The midpoints of the two diagonals are not the same point, so it cannot be a rectangle.

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Chapter 9 Scale drawing and measures
Scale drawing

1 �
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�
2 a) 30 metres
b)  12 cm

3 a) 420 cm b)  18 cm

4 a) length = 2 m (allow 1.9–2.1 m) width = 1.4 m (allow 1.3–1.5 m)

b) The rectangle drawn on the plan should be 1.2 cm by 0.8 cm

5 a) 6.6 m b)  16 cm

6 a) 21 cm b)  0.8 m c)  2 : 100 or 1 : 50

7 a) Ash tree  16 m (allow 15.5–16.5 m)

Olive tree 10 m (allow 9.5–10.5 m)

New Guinea Rosewood tree 29 m (allow 28.5–29.5 m)
b) 19 cm

8 a) 1 cm : 0.5 metres      b)  3.8 metres (allow 3.75–3.85 m)

9 1.3 cm

Units of measurement
1 a) tonnes b)  cm2 c)  litres d)  m3 e)  metres

2 a) 7 cm2 b)  30 g  c)  500 m3

3 a) cm b)  litres c)  m2 d)  tonnes

4 460 g

5 No. He only has enough for 44 meals.

OR No. 50 meals would need 0.75 kg (or 750 g).

6 12

7 58.4 kg (allow 58 kg and 60 kg)

8 500 g

Stage 8: Solutions to exercises 17

 Chapter 10 Data collection
Collecting data

1 �
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�
�

2 a) A and D b) 
Sample size is too small.

3 a)  �    b) 100

�
�
4 �
�
�

5 Method B. More data is collected OR Data is collected on a range of days (the food served on one
day may not be typical of the food served at other times)

6 For example: Interview people face-to-face

Possible reasons: allows for more detailed responses, lots of people would not fill in a
questionnaire, etc.

7 nearest second

8 nearest 100 grams

Discrete and continuous data

1 age number of cars volume of water in a bottle

2 �
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�
�
�

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 3 �
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4 continuous

discrete
continuous

5 a) For example: number of tracks on album

b) For example: length of songs on album

Frequency tables and two-way tables

1 a)   b)
Interval Frequency Interval Frequency

5 ≤ x < 10 0 ≤ x < 100

10 ≤ x < 15 100 ≤ x < 200

15 ≤ x < 20 200 ≤ x < 300

20 ≤ x < 25 300 ≤ x < 400

25 ≤ x < 30 400 ≤ x < 500

2 a)      b)  13

Length (cm) Tally Frequency

0≤x<1 ||| 3

1≤x<2 |||| 4

2≤x<3 |||| || 7

3≤x<4 |||| 5

4≤x<5 | 1

3 a), b)                       
c)   8

Mass, m (grams) Tally Frequency

80 ≤ m < 90 || 2

90 ≤ m < 100 |||| | 6

100 ≤ m < 110 |||| || 7

110 ≤ m < 120 |||| 5

Stage 8: Solutions to exercises 19

 4 a)  32 b)  8 c)  11 d)  13 – 9 = 4

5
Mark 1–10 11–20 21–30 31–40 41–50

Boys

Girls

6 a) 20

b) Number of Tuesdays with fewer than 36 cars = 4 + 3 + 2 = 9

Half of 26 = 13. 9 is less than half of 26 so Phil is wrong.

7
Red White Black Blue Grey Total

Male 7 6 15 5 7 40

Female 12 8 4 5 6 35

Total 19 14 19 10 13 75

8 a) 9 b) 10 c) 17

d) Number of children with 6 or more days’s absence = 32 + 10 = 42

Number of children scoring no more than 30 = 24
24 > half of 42 (= 21) so the headteacher is correct.

Chapter 11 Averages and speed

Mean, median, mode and range

1 a) 16.7 mm b)  16.22 mm

c) For example, No value occurs more frequently than the others

2 a) 7°C b)  6.8°C

3 a) 1 b)  1.23

c) For example: The largest number of trees is 4 and the smallest number is 0, so the range is
4–0=4

4 mode = 13, mean = 13.45 so he is correct

5 a) mode b) mean c) median

6 range

7 a) 30 ≤ x < 40
b) For example…. The maximum speed could be 41 and the lowest speed could be 13 and
41 – 13 = 28

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 8 912 cm

9 27 g

10 a) 14 b)  Any number 16 or greater, for example 19    c)  9

11 4 and 13

Chapter 12 Probability
Probability of events not happening

1 0.3

1
2
8

3 Train A B C D
P(not on time) 0.2 0.1 0.05 0.8

4 March 73%
June 91%  September 87% December 71%

4 3 2 1
5 Bananas Biscuits Bread  Milk
7 5 11 12

6 2

Equally likely outcome

7 3 1 12 4
1 a) b)  or c) 0 d)  or
15 15 5 15 5

2 a) 0.28 b)  0.26 c)  0.52 d)  0.22

3
1
Picking a card printed with a circle –
2

Picking a card printed with the 3

–
number 3 and a rectangle 4

Picking a card printed with 1

–
the number 3 4

Picking a card printed with a shape 1

–
with 3 or 4 sides 6

Stage 8: Solutions to exercises 21

 3 12 3 13
4 a) b) = c)
20 20 5 20

5 �
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�
�
8 4 7 16 8

6 a) = b)  c)  =
30 15 30 30 15

7 a) 0.25 b) Non-fiction c) Hardback d) nature

Chapter 13 Types of number

HCF, LCM and Prime factorisation
1 a)  1 × 30 = 30 b) 1 × 16 = 16 c) 1 × 66 = 66
2 × 15 = 30 2 × 8 = 16 2 × 33 = 66
3 × 10 = 30 4 × 4 = 16 3 × 22 = 66
5 × 6 = 30 6 × 11 = 66

3 a) 1, 29 b)  1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 48

c) 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 d)  1, 3, 5, 9, 15, 27, 45, 135

4 a) 16, 32, 48, 64 b)  36, 72, 108, 144 c)  42, 84, 126, 168

5 210, 240, 270, 300

6 41, 43, 47

7 a) 
3 + 13 + 19 = 35 or 3 + 3 + 29 = 35 or 5 + 7 + 23 = 35 or 5 + 11 + 19 = 35 or 5 + 13 + 17 =
35 or 7 + 11 + 17 = 35 or 11 + 11 + 13 = 35

b)  No with a suitable explanation. For example: If two numbers add together to make 35, one
must be even and one must be odd. The only even prime is 2 and 33 is not a prime number.

8 Henri’s number = 5 Flavia’s number = 31

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 9 a) For example: 9 has an odd number of factors (which are 1, 3, 9)
48
b) For example: 7 divides into 203 exactly.
8 6
10 a)  20
b)  150

2 4 2 3
4 5 10 15

2 2
2 2 2 5 3 5

11 a)  48 b)  84

8 6
6 14

2 4 2 3

2 3 2 7

2 2

12 a) 22 × 72  b) 
84 2 × 34
6 14
13 a) 22 × 7   b)  23 × 11    c)  2 × 52 × 7    d)  23 × 5 × 13
2 3 2 7

14 a) 30 = 2 × 3 × 5 42 = 2 × 3 × 7 63 = 32 × 7

b) 6 c)  21 d)  210 e)  630

15 a) 22 b)  660

c) 13 is a prime number but does not appear as a prime factor in the prime factorisation of 264.

16 12

Squares, cubes and roots

1 a) 144 b)  324 c)  1 d)  64

2 a) 7 b)  18 c)  5 d)  3

3
a) 256 = 16 b)  32 = 9 c)  3 1 = 1

d) 33 = 27 e)  8 × 102 = 800 f)  82 = 43

4 a) 35 b)  320 c)  12 d)  5 e)  15 f)  15

5 a) 100 and 25 or 121 and 4

b) 4 and 196

6 18

7 Justine’s number 196 Doug’s number 27

Stage 8: Solutions to exercises 23

 Chapter 14 Fractions
Adding and subtracting mixed numbers
6 19 4
1 a) b) or 1
35 15 5
31 3 5
c) or 1 d)
28 28 36
3 3 5
2 a) 1 b) 3 c) 3
4 20 18
29 5 9
d) 5 e) 7 f) 8
40 24 20

1 1 14
3 a) 1 b) 2 c) 2
2 6 15
5 7 11
d) e) 1 f) 1
12 10 14

17
4 1 kg 
20

5 4
5 a) 5 b) 4
8 15
3 4 23
6 6 −2 =3
8 5 40

Multiplying and dividing an integer by a fraction

4 1 2
1 a) 2 b)  1 c) 11
5 2 3
1 1 2
d) 2 kg e)  5 m f) 2 l
4 3 5

1 1 1
2 a) 3 ÷ b)  20 ÷ c) 4 ÷
3 4 2

3 Calculation Check
1 3 1
a)  4 ÷ =4× = 12 12 × =4�
3 1 3

1 4 1
b)   7 ÷ =7× = 28 28 × =7�
4 1 4

3 4 3
c)  9 ÷ =9× = 12 12 × =9�
4 3 4

4 5 4
d)  12 ÷ = 12 × = 15 15 × = 12 �
5 4 5

2 3 2
e)     6 ÷ =6× =9� 9× =6�
3 2 3

24 Online resources
 4
1 2
6 – 2–
3 3

2 2
3 – 6–
7 3

2
4 – 10
5

3 1
2 – 10 –
4 2

9
6– 18
10

2 1 1
5 a) 2 b) 1 c) 5
9 5 4

1 3 5
d) 13 e) f)
3 5 12

6 14

4
7 2 kg
9

Increasing and decreasing a quantity by a percentage

1
20% of 1600 315

45% of 1200 320

8% of 5500 340

17% of 2000 440

21% of 1500 540

2 a) $35 b)  5.4 cm c)  6468

3 a) 18 b)  20% c)  50% d)  5%

4 a) 300 b)  567 c)  108 cm d)  1760

Stage 8: Solutions to exercises 25

 5
Percentage increase Multiplier Percentage decrease Multiplier

Increase by 42% 1.42 Decrease by 53% 0.47

Increase by 7% 1.07 Decrease by 5% 0.95

Increase by 82% 1.82 Decrease by 18% 0.82

Increase by 4% 1.04 Decrease by 2% 0.98

6 a) 1575 b)  20 c) $47.96 d)  80.5 g

7 61

8 $8.80 $16.50

9 Jeans $36 Socks $1.92

10 57.2 kg

11 a) 92 b)  99

12 17 pupils

One number as a fraction or percentage of another

1 First number as a First number as

First number Second number
fraction of second percentage of second

1
16 80 20%
5

11
33 60 55%
20

17
85 125 68%
25

9
1260 3500 36%
25

1 4

2 a) b)
20 15

5 2
3 a) b)
18 25

26 Online resources
 4 1
25% 30% 33 % 35%
3

B C A E
D
F

5 a) 30%
b) 64% c) 85% d) 7% (to nearest whole number)

e) 87% (to nearest whole number) f) 59% (to nearest whole number)

6 138 out of 504

627 out of 812
47 out of 425

7 a) 56%
b)  40%
c)  14%

8 55.4%

Comparing quantities using fractions, decimals and percentages

1
1 a) 49%       b)         c)  140 out of 420       d)  0.8
4
2
2 62% 0.65 0.7
3
3 Abbie had the highest mark.

For example: Omar: 73.75%  Abbie: 77.5%  Chloe: 75%

4 For example: Tree A: 11.3%  Tree B: 11.9%  Tree C: 8.9%

so Tree C had the smallest proportion of small apples.

5 a)
Fraction of audience
Number of children
that are children

1
Film A 28 out of 140 people in audience are children
5

6
Film B 30 out of 125 people in audience are children
25

7
Film C 42 out of 180 people in audience are children
30

30 36 35
b) Film A      Film B      Film C
150 150 150

c) Film B

Stage 8: Solutions to exercises 27

 Chapter 15 Using known facts
Multiplying and dividing decimals by whole numbers

1 a) 4.8 b) 0.48 c) 0.048

d) 0.8 e) 0.6 f) 0.006

2 a) 3.6 b) 3.5 c) 2.4 d)  0.56

e) 0.36 f) 0.24 g) 0.5 h)  0.9

3 a) 7.2 b) 4.2 c) 3 d)  7.2

e) 0.81 f) 0.056 g) 0.63 h)  0.04

4 a) 0.4 b) 0.7 c) 0.9 d)  0.6

e) 0.06 f) 0.8

5 a) 0.06 × 4 b) 0.6 × 6

6 1.8 litres

7 a) 0.7 b) 2.8 c) 1.2

8 Both numbers on the left- hand side have been divided by 10, so the answer must be divided by
10 twice. The answer should be 0.28.

9 6 × 0.4 = 8 × 0.3

0.6 × 9 = 5.4

Calculating fractions and percentages of quantities

1 a) 18 cm b)  0.046 c)  20 kg d)  54

2 a) 0.5 b)  40 c)  70 grams d)  7

3 2
– of 135  30 —
4
15
of 135  36
9

1 1
–
9
of 135  15 —
15
of 135  9

2
......
—
15
of 135  18
Known fact
15  9  135

1
–
9 of 1350  150
4
–
9
of 1350  600

28 Online resources
 4 Less than 60 Equal to 60 More than 60
D B A
C E
F

5
�
�
�
�
6 a) 310
b) 126 m c)  40 km

d) 1.8 e) 140 tonnes f)  $240

7 a) 21 b) 21 c)  48 d 105

Chapter 16 Solving word problems mentally

Direct proportion problems

1 a) $6 b)  $36 c)  3

2 a) 450 mm b)  20 seconds

3 $9.60

4 52 mm

5 3.7°C

6 a) Fatima is correct. Eric should have divided 900 by 4 to find the mass of 3 buns.

b) There are many correct methods, such as 6 buns have a mass of 450 g and 24 buns have a mass
of 1800 g, so the mass of 30 buns is 1800 + 450 = 2250 g.

7 Find the cost of 10 buns.

Chapter 17 Decimals
Addition and subtraction

1 a) 84 744      
b)  37 282      c)  1 201 114

Stage 8: Solutions to exercises 29

 2
69 507  47 175 778 926  78 526

104 347  724 318 963 872  135 207

456 287  244 113 769 099  652 417

624 197  83 215 918 671  119 287

435 108  364 276 885 691  178 279

3 a) 43.28 b)  19.932 c) 6.468 d)  8.916

4 a) 45.363 b) 2.547

5 a) C (or 0.46 kg) and A (or 0.367 kg)

b) A and C

c) Total mass of B, C and E = 2.262 kg but total mass of A and D = 2.067. So the scales do not
balance.

6 0. 8 4  0. 2 7 1  0.569

Dividing whole numbers and decimals by a whole number

1 a) 3.8 b)  0.24 c)  0.443 d)  8.419

2 a) 11.9 b)  29.6 c) 1.5 d)  2.6

3
�
�
�
�

4 a) 0.12 b)  0.071 c)  0.341 d)  3.010

5 0.38 m

6 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6

30 Online resources
Chapter 18 Formulae
Constructing and using formulae
1 a) F = n + 2 b)  9

2 a) $43 b)  C = 3c + 5v

3 N = pb + PB

4 a) S = ph + 2A b) 
168

5 Store 1 costs $13, Store 2 costs $14, so Store 1 is cheaper.

Substitution
1 a) 43 b)  −6 c)  22 d) 9 e)  36 f)  40

2 a) – 9 b)  15 c)  10 d) 105 e)  250 f)  53

3
9m  n 9

2m2 18

15
2n  – 20
m

6n  2m 31

n2  6m 36

4 a) −11
b)  −25

5 a) 11 b)  −26

6 a) 11 b)  6 c)  7

7 a) 4t + 20 = 12 b)  5t2 − 4 = 16 c)  t3 − 5 = −13

8 5

9 �
�
�
�

Stage 8: Solutions to exercises 31

 Chapter 19 Straight-line graphs
Plotting graphs of linear functions

1 a)
x −1 0 1 2 3
y 2 4 6 8 10

b) x −1 0 1 2 3
y −4 −1 2 5 8

y
c) 
12 (a) y  2x  4

10 (b) y  3x  2

0
x
–2 –1 0 1 2 3 4
–2

–4

–6

–8

2 a) x −2 0 2 4
y 3 4 5 6

b) 
x −2 0 2 4
y 14 8 2 −4

c)  y

14

12

10

8
1
6 (a) y  –2 x  4

0
x
–2 –1 0 1 2 3 4
–2

–4 (b) y  8  3x

–6

32 Online resources
 3 a) y
b)
(2, 2)
10

8 y  3x  4

0
x
–2 –1 0 1 2 3 4
–2 y  6  2x

–4

–6

–8

–10

–12

4 �
�
�

5
Equations that correspond to Equations that do not correspond
straight-line graphs to straight-line graphs
y=6    y = 3x2
y = 7 – 2x xy = 4
y = 7x + 6    y = 11 – x2

6 For example, although the values of x increase by the same amount each time, the values of y

do not.

7 y = 2x + 5  y = 4x + 2  y = 5x − 4

Chapter 20 Nets and constructions

Nets of 3D shapes

Note: There is more than one possible answer to many of these questions.

1 a) b) 

Stage 8: Solutions to exercises 33

 2

34 Online resources
Constructing bisectors

1 a)  b)
B

A B

2 a) b)

3 She should have started by drawing arcs centre B. Instead she has drawn arcs centred on A and C.

M C

Chapter 21 Symmetry and transformations

Line and rotation symmetry

1 Number of lines of symmetry

0 1 2 3 4
B H A E D F I C H G

2 5 1 3

3 a)  1 line of symmetry and no rotational symmetry (or rotational symmetry order 1)
b) 2 lines of symmetry and rotational symmetry order 2
c) 4 lines of symmetry and rotational symmetry order 4
d) No lines of symmetry and rotational symmetry order 2

Stage 8: Solutions to exercises 35

 4 For example:
a) b) 

Transformations

T
W
P
Line m

U V

E D

P
F

Line l

3
M
L

36 Online resources
 4

C
S T

5
P

T
C

Chapter 22 Imperial units of measurement

Converting between miles and kilometres

1 a) 40 km b)  96 km

2 a) 50 miles b)  65 miles

3 95 miles 20 miles

4 a) 56 miles b)  815 km

5 a) 824 km b)  265 miles c) 2 km d)  44 miles

6 25 km

7 He does have enough petrol.

For example 130 km = 81.25 miles < 86 miles

8 20 litres

Chapter 23 Area, surface area and volume

Area of 2D shapes

1 Area = 18 cm2 Area = 24 cm2 Area = 32 cm2

A C B
F D E

Stage 8: Solutions to exercises 37

 2 a) 48 cm2 b)  50 mm2

3 a) 16 cm 9 cm

18 cm 12 cm 24 cm

12 cm 15 cm

b) 12.5 mm

56 mm 20 mm 48 mm

56 mm

28 mm 32.5 mm

4 a) 23 b)  16

5 36

Area of compound shapes

1 a) 91 cm2 b)  86.5 cm2

2 a) 92 cm2 b)  43 m2

3 a) 156 cm2 b)  150.64 m2

4 No, with correct working, for example area of square = 256 cm2 and area of trapezium = 108 cm2

5 7.105 kg

Volume and surface area of 3D shapes

1 B (= 220 cm3)    C (= 343 cm3)    A (= 360 cm3)

Smallest               Largest

2 a) a = 5 b = 3 c=5
b) Surface area = 158 cm 2

3 a) Volume = 512 cm3 Surface area = 384 cm2

b) Volume = 1216 cm3 Surface area = 712 cm2
c) Volume = 225 cm3 Surface area = 230 cm2

4 1600 cm3

5 a) Not all the faces are the same. b)  6.96 cm2

38 Online resources
 6 36

7 343 cm3

Surface area of other solids

1 36 cm2

2 a) 240 cm2 b)  288 cm2

3 320 cm2

Chapter 24 Displaying and interpreting data

Frequency diagrams and stem-and-leaf diagrams

1 40
35
Number of schools

30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0–9 10–19 20–29 30–39 40–49
Number of teachers

2 a) 30     b) 11 – 15     c)  36     d)  10%

25
Number of days

20
15
10
5
0
6–10 11–15 16–20 21–25 26–30
Number of emails

3 Area (cm2) Number of leaves 12

11
6 ≤ a < –8 2 10
9
Number of leaves

8 ≤ a < 10 11 8
7
6
10 ≤ a < –12 6 5
4
12 ≤ a < 14 4 3
2
14 ≤ a < 16 1 1
0
6 8 10 12 14 16
Area (cm2)

4 a) 48
b)  14 c)  The final bar only extends to 14 hours.

Stage 8: Solutions to exercises 39

 1 1 4 12 5 9

2 1 5 6 7 13 0 4 7 7

3 2 4 5 6 9 14 1 4 5 6

4 0 2 15 2 3

5 a) Key 1 1  11 b)  Key 12 5  125

c)  Key 4 5  4.5
1 1 4 12 5 9 4 4 6 9

2 1 5 6 7 13 0 4 7 7 5 2 5 6 9

3 2 4 5 6 9 14 1 4 5 6 6 0 1 3 5 7

4 0 2 15 2 3 7 1 3

Key 12 5  125 Key 4 5  4.5

6 a)  27 12 5 9 b)  2 4 4 6 9 c)  4
13 0 4 7 7 5 2 5 6 9
d)  11
14 1 4 5 6
e)  50 6 0 1 3 5 7
f)  27
15 2 3
7 T
 here is no key. The numbers that 7represent
1 3 the leaves should be written so that one is
underneath
Key 4 another.
5  4.5 The numbers in the leaves should be written in order of size.
4 4 6 9

pie charts and line graphs

5 2 5 6 9

6 0 1 3 5 7

1 7 1 3
Stroke Frequency Angle Breast
stroke

38 54°
Front crawl 38 × 360 = 171° Front
80 135° 171° crawl
Back
crawl
38
Back crawl 30 × 360 = 135°
80

12
Breast stroke 12 × 360 = 54°
80

9

2 a) 63° b)  orange c)  d)  11
40

3 a) 3.5 million b)  2013 c)  2014 and 2015

d) The number of tins produced has an increasing trend.
e) No. 4.4 ÷ 1.2 = 3.66… < 4

4 a) 12°C b) 
15°C c) 
13 : 00, 14 : 00, 15 : 00, 16 : 00 and 17 : 00

d) 20 : 00 e)  9°C f) 

Temperature was decreasing

5 16

Drawing conclusions from graphs

1 Any two suitable conclusions, for example

The most common type of vehicle using the road is cars
More bikes use the road than motorbikes
The least common type of vehicle using the road is motorbikes.
About three times as many cars use the road as vans/lorries

2 Yes. There are 200 children. The number taking at least 20 minutes is 108 which is more than half
of 200.

40 Online resources
 3 For example,
The percentage of children passing the exam has not increased every year (as the percentage
went down between 2013 and 2014). However the trend is definitely increasing.

4 True. Increase for Manor High between 2013 and 2017 is 760 – 580 = 180
The increase for Valley College is (402 + 395) – (317 + 308) = 172

5 Yes.
Number choosing running = 0.25 × 360 + 0.45 × 420 = 279
Number choosing jumping = 0.4 × 360 + 0.3 × 420 = 270

Comparing sets of data using averages and the range

1 �
�
�
�
2 Erika is faster on average than Bridgette

The swimming times of Bridgette are more consistent than the times of Erika.

3 a) median
b) The mean pay at Company X is higher than the mean pay at Company Y.

4 a) 224 visitors     b)  215 c)  39

d) More people visit on average on Tuesdays. The number of visitors on Tuesdays is more variable
than the number of visitors on a Monday.

Chapter 25 Mutually exclusive outcomes

Listing outcomes

1 a)  1, 2, 4, 6, 8 b)  triangle, rectangle, pentagon, hexagon

1
2 a) Sandwich Drink b)
9
Egg Orange juice
Egg Milk
Egg Water
Cheese and tomato Orange juice
Cheese and tomato Milk
Cheese and tomato Water
Tuna Orange juice
Tuna Milk
Tuna Water

Stage 8: Solutions to exercises 41

 3 a)  Carla’s number Frank’s number
2 1
2 2
2 3
2 4
3 1
3 2
3 3
3 4
4 1
4 2
4 3
4 4

3 1 2 1
b) or c) or
12 4 12 6

4 a)  Spinner A Spinner B

1 1
2 1
3 1
5 1
1 3
2 3
3 3
5 3

4 1
b) or
8 2

3
5 a) HHH HHT HTH HTT THH THT TTH TTT b) 
8

6 a) 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 5 2 6
3 1 3 2 3 3 3 4 3 5 3 6 4 1 4 2 4 3 4 4 4 5 4 6
5 1 5 2 5 3 5 4 5 5 5 6 6 1 6 2 6 3 6 4 6 5 6 6

3 1
b) 7 c)  or
36 12

42 Online resources
Chapter 26 Calculations
Powers and roots

1 a) 72 b)  84 c)  43 d)  98

2 a) 6, −6 b)   13, −13 c)  16, −16

3 a) −8 b)  3 c)   4

4 a) –64 b)  225 c)  144 d) 208

e) 17 f)    216 g) 9 h)     −4

5 For example, if you square a number, it is always positive.

6 a) 8100 b)  125 000

7 �
�
�
�

8

5.12 24.389

2.93 25.6


655.36 26.01


620.01 24.9

9 a) 4.7 b)     17 c)  56.25

10 a) 30.74 b) 0.48    c)  21.47

Order of operations

1 a) 8 b)  68 c)  −10 d)  63

e)  42 f)   5 g)  8 h) 180

Stage 8: Solutions to exercises 43

 2
(72  12)  (3  4) 1

2
45  (11  2  2)
3
24  5  (7  4  24)
4

36  4 2  4 5

3 a) 44 b) 75 c)  12 d) 19
e) −50 f) 8 g)   1 h) 7

4 �
�
�
�

5
40  (35  4  8)  37 (11  19)  3  6  16

(7  12)  (17  3  5)  38 (45  9)  (20  14)  9

4  2  (3  2  4)  26 75  (11  3)  10  –5

6 a) 8 + 64 ÷ (4 × 2) + 1
b) no brackets needed
c) (8 + 64) ÷ 4 × (2 + 1)
d) (8 + 64 ÷ 4) × 2 + 1
e) (8 + 64) ÷ (4 × 2) + 1
f) (8 + 64) ÷ (4 × 2 + 1)

Chapter 27 Ratio and proportions

Ratio

1 a) 7 : 3 b) 2 : 5 : 3 c) 3 : 4 : 9
d) 2 : 1 : 5 e) 1 : 4 : 6 f) 3 : 4 : 7

2 a) 1 : 2 b) 3 : 2 c) 3 : 6 : 4

44 Online resources
 3 12 : 16 : 8 = 3 : 4 : 2
10 : 15 : 5 = 2 : 3 : 1
16 : 6 : 10 = 8 : 3 : 5

4 a) 4 : 5 = 24 : 30 b) 3 : 2 = 54 : 36 c)
1 : 2 : 5 = 4 : 8 : 20   d)  2 : 3 : 7 = 24 : 36 : 84

5 a) 8 : 5 b)  2 : 1 c)  2 : 5
d) 4 : 3 : 1 e)  6 : 5 : 10 f)  8 : 6 : 9

6 1 : 2 : 6

7 a) $96 and  $64 b)  $120 and $200

c) $8 and $16 and $24 d)  $24 and  $32 and  $40

8 a) 
For example, in the ratio, the number of students who study Art is more than double the
number who study Drama, but 260 is not more than double 155.
b) 123

9 600 g  240 g  360 g

10 18

11 34

Direct proportion

1 a) 30 cents b)  90 cents

2 �
�
�
3 a) $4 b)  $1.20

4 a) 800 g b)  360 g

5 a) $4.80 b)  9

6 a) 560 millilitres b)  9.8 litres

7 a) nuts 170 g dried fruit 255 g b)  1080 g

8 $166.50

Stage 8: Solutions to exercises 45

 Chapter 28 Mental calculations with fractions and integers
Mental calculation with fractions

1 a) 24 b)  32 c)  64

2 a) 11 b)  33 c)  7 d)  35

1 1 1 1
3 a) b)  c)  d) 
4 12 10 18

3 2 1 3
4 a) b)  = c) 
20 20 10 20

5 a) 10 b)  12 c)  30 d)  16

6 a) 24 b)  8 c)  20 d)  10

2 1 2 1
7 a) b)  c)  d) 
5 9 7 20

3 3 3 1
8 a) b)  c)  =
5 8 9 3

1 3 4 1
9 a) 2 ÷ = 10 b)  6 ÷ = 10 c)  6 ÷ =7
5 5 5 2

1
10 kg
12

11 12 days

Simplifying calculations

1 a) 178 b)  745 c)  700 d)  4628

5 1
2 a) 1 b) 
6 8

3
694 390

15  7  4 270

25  3.9  4 210

3.5  30  2 420

46 Online resources
 4 a) 49 b)  66 c)  56 d)  72
e)  2770 f)    3
1

5 a) 250 b)  1204 c)  847 d) 
4
1 4

6 a) 20 × 40 = 800 b)  100 × 114 = 11 400 c)  × 28 = 4 d)  × 20 = 16
7 5

7 a) 10 b)  20

8 1 3
–  60  –  4  18
4 4

Chapter 29 Calculations with decimals

Multiplication and division

1 a) 25.44 b)  254.4 c)  25.44 d)  0.2544

2 �
�
�
�

3 a) 22.4
b)  11.32 c)  470.4 d)   17.71

e) 0.585 f)      0.715 g)  0.192 h)  3.4

4 a) 26 b)    17 c)  60 d)  0.9

e)  6.4 f) 

  85 g) 0.46 h)  0.87

5 a) 0.04 b)  0.7 c)  0.6 d)  0.08

6 $3.52

7 46

8 189

9 1.44

10 18.5 × 0.4 = 7.4

39 × 0.9 = 35.1
3.2 ÷ 0.05 = 64

Stage 8: Solutions to exercises 47

 Chapter 30 Equations
Solving equations with brackets

1 a) w = 5 b)  w = 2

2 a) x = 6 b)  x = 4 c)  x = 3 d)  x = 3

100 1
3 a) t = =9 b)  t = 4
11 11

Solving equations with unknowns on both sides

1 a) x = 4 b)  x = 1 c)  x = 6 d)  x = 2

2 x = 28 x = 28 x = 30

3 a) x = 6 b)  y = 7 c)  n = 13

4 a) k = 11 b)  v = 6

5 a) n = 6 b)  r = 5

Constructing equations

1 a) 3(n + 1) = 45 b)  a = 14

2 a) 4m – 18 = m b)  m = 6

3 a) x = 30 b)  x = 8

4 a) n = 7
b) Kim is not correct. For example, Brian’s expression and Lola’s expression are only equal when
n = 7. With this value of n, the values of the three expressions are

5(7) – 2 = 33
3(7 + 4) = 33
22 – 7 = 15

5 a)  a = 70 b)  a = 35

6 x = 3 y = 4

48 Online resources
Chapter 31 nth term of sequences
nth term rules

1 a) multiply by 4,  4n      b)  add 3,  n+ 3

2 a) 12       b)  Multiply by 3       c)  3n       d)  3n + 1

3 �
�
�
�

4 b) 2n
b)  2n + 4 c)  Pattern 9

5 a) 60 b)  27 c)  3n d)  2n – 2, 2(n – 1)

Chapter 32 Geometrical reasoning and proof

Proving angle rules

1 a = x because corresponding angles are equal

b = y because alternate angles are equal
The exterior angle at C is a + b = x + y.
So the exterior angle at C is the sum of the interior angles at A and B.

2 Angle EAC = 90 – a and angle DBC = 90 – b because each angle in a rectangle is equal to 90°.
Angle ACF = 90 – a because angles EAC and ACF are alternate angles.
Angle BCF = 90 – b because angles DBC and BCF are alternate angles.
So angle ACB = 90 – a + 90 – b = 180 – a – b.
So, c = 180 – a – b and therefore a + b + c = 180°.

3 The angle in a triangle add up to 180°

So a + b + c 180°
and d + e + f = 180°
So a + b + c + d + e + f = 360°
a + (b + d) + e + (c + f) = 360°
So all four angles in the quadrilateral add up to 360°

Stage 8: Solutions to exercises 49

 Solving geometrical problems

1 a = 41°. Alternate angles are equal.

b = 47° Corresponding angles are equal.

2 a) 
x = 130°. The two base angles of an isosceles triangle are equal and properties of exterior
angle of a triangle.
b) x = 42°. The exterior angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of the two opposite interior angles.
3 a = 53°. Opposite angles in a parallelogram are equal.
b = 100°. A kite has one equal pair of angles. Angles in a quadrilateral add up to 360°.
c = 124°. A parallelogram has a pair of parallel sides so interior angles add up to 180°.

4 t = 124°. Angle DEC = 63° as corresponding angles are equal. Angle t = 61 + 63 as the exterior
angle of a triangle is the sum of the two opposite interior angles.

5 x = 54  y = 46

6 x = 48°

7 For example…

x = 35° because alternate angles are equal.

y = 40° because angles in a triangle add up to 180 degrees and then alternate angles (or vertically
opposite angles).
z = 70° because angles on a straight line add up to 180°

8 a = 122°

Chapter 33 Circles
Circles, arcs and constructing triangles

1 a)

A C

2 Centre A Centre B Centre C

Arc 2 Arc 4 Arc 1
Arc 6 Arc 5 Arc 3

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 3

3.7 cm 4.5 cm

5.2 cm

6 A

5 cm
3.5 cm

B C

7 For example, With 6 cm used as the base, the 3 cm arc and the 2 cm arc would not intersect.

Stage 8: Solutions to exercises 51

 Circumference and area of a circle

1 �
�
�
�

2 Part of the circumference of a circle is called an arc.
A line that joins the centre of a circle to a point on the circumference is called a radius.

3 a) 22.0 cm b)  37.1 cm c)  141.4 mm

4
6.5 cm 5.2 cm
7.6 cm

4.3 cm

13.5 cm 23.9 cm
2 27.0 cm
2 32.7 cm 40.8 cm
4 47.8 cm

6 radius diameter area (rounded to nearest whole number)

4 cm 8 cm 50 cm2
7.8 cm 15.6 cm 191 cm2
8.5 cm 17 cm 227 cm2

7 15.45 cm2

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Comparing proportions in two pie charts

1 �
�
�
�

2 a) A greater proportion of vehicles using the bridge were lorries on Tuesday.

b) A greater proportion of vehicles using the bridge were cars on Saturday.
c) An equal number of cars used the bridge on the two days.

3 a) There are more trees in Wood B.

b) The proportion of evergreen trees is greatest in Wood A.
180
c) Wood A. The number of evergreen trees in Wood A is 2 × = 120 trees. The number of
3
evergreen trees in Wood B is 460 ÷ 4 = 115 trees.

4 a) Oats
b) A greater proportion of Farm B is used for growing wheat.
c) A quarter of the land on both farms is used for growing sugar beet but Farm B has a larger area.

Chapter 34 Enlargement
1 B, F

2 B, D

3 a) b) 

c)

Stage 8: Solutions to exercises 53

 4 a) b) 
O

O
O

c)
P
P

O
O

5 a) b) 
P

P
P O

c)

P P
P

6 S is three times wider than R but only twice as long.

P

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 7 a) y        b) 3
B’
12

11

10

9 A’
C’
B
8
A C
7

5
D
4

3
D’
2

0
x
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

8 �
�
�

Chapter 35 Real-life graphs

Real-life graphs

1 a) 20 mins b)  6 mins c)  800 metres

d) 4 mins e)  200 metres

2 a) 38 km b)  5 mins c) i)  About 20 : 33   ii)  Between 22 and 23 km

3 a) 19 : 18 b)  4 mins

c) 800
d)
About 19 : 12
Jonas
Distance from restaurant (m)

600

400
Nina
200

0
19:00 19:05 19:10 19:15 19:20 19:25
Time

4 a) Container A 72 cm  Container B 20 cm

b) About 18 cm     c)  100 secs     d)  210 secs

Stage 8: Solutions to exercises 55

 Chapter 36 Experimental probability
1 a) 0.44 b)  0.56

2 Type A 0.76 Type B 0.92 Type C 0.58 Type D 0.7

3 Amy throws a six-sided dice 120 times. The table shows the number of times she throws each
number.

Score 1 2 3 4 5 6
Frequency 25 11 32 9 26 17

a) 0.31 b)  0.5

c) No, the dice is not likely to be fair. Some scores (such as 3) are occurring much more often
than others (such as 4)/odd numbers seem more likely than even numbers.

9
4 a) or 0.225 b)  Spin the spinner more times
40

5 a) Different outcomes can result when an experiment is repeated.

17
b) = 0.34
50

103
6 a) 0.5 b)  or 0.57 (2dp)      c)  Sanjay’s. He collected more data.
180

7 a) She got a 6 about half the time but you would expect only about 1 in 6 throws to give a 6.

b) You wouldn’t expect to get the same number of sixes on each repetition of the experiment.

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