Cytology refers to a branch of pathology, the medical specialty that deals with making

diagnoses of diseases and conditions through the examination of tissue samples from the body.

Cytology also can involve examinations of preparations that are scraped or washed (irrigated
with a sterile solution) from specific areas of the body. For example, a common example of
diagnostic cytology is the evaluation of cervical smears (referred to as the Papanicolaou test or
Pap smear).

Cell biology is a branch of biology that studies the structure and function of the cell, which is the
basic unit of life. Cell biology is concerned with the physiological properties, metabolic
processes, signaling pathways, life cycle, chemical composition and interactions of the cell with
their environment

Biology is the natural science that studies life and living organisms, including their physical
structure, chemical processes, molecular interactions, physiological mechanisms, development
and evolution.

Biology is the natural science that studies life and living organisms, including their physical
structure, chemical processes, molecular interactions, physiological mechanisms, development
and evolution.

Zoology – the study of animals, including classification, physiology,

development, evolution and behaviour, including:
 Ethology – the study of animal behaviour.
 Entomology – the study of insects.
 Herpetology – the study of reptiles and amphibians.
 Ichthyology – the study of fish.
 Mammalogy – the study of mammals.
Petrology is the branch of geology that studies rocks and the conditions under which they form.
Petrology has three subdivisions: igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary petrology.

Metamorphic petrology focuses on the composition and texture of metamorphic rocks (rocks
such as slate, marble, gneiss, or schist which started out as sedimentary or igneous rocks but
which have undergone chemical, mineralogical or textural changes due to extremes of pressure,
temperature or both)