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GATE SOLVED PAPER

Electronics & Communication
2012

Copyright © By NODIA & COMPANY

Information contained in this book has been obtained by authors, from sources believes to be reliable. However,
neither Nodia nor its authors guarantee the accuracy or completeness of any information herein, and Nodia nor its
authors shall be responsible for any error, omissions, or damages arising out of use of this information. This book
is published with the understanding that Nodia and its authors are supplying information but are not attempting
to render engineering or other professional services.

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Ph : +91 - 141 - 2101150
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 GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC
2012

Q. 1 - Q. 25 carry one mark each.

Q. 1 The current ib through the base of a silicon npn transistor is
1 + 0.1 cos (10000pt) mA At 300 K, the rp in the small signal model of the
transistor is

. i n
c o
.
(A) 250 W (B) 27.5 W

a
(C) 25 W (D) 22.5 W
Sol. 1

d i
o
Given ib = 1 + 0.1 cos (1000pt) mA

.n
So, IB = DC component of ib
= 1 mA

w
In small signal model of the transistor

w
bVT
rp = VT " Thermal voltage
IC

w = VT = VT IC = I

©
B
IC /b IB b
= VT
IB
So, rp = 25 mV = 25 W VT = 25 mV, IB = 1 mA
1 mA
Option (C) is correct.
Q. 2 The power spectral density of a real process X (t) for positive frequencies is
shown below. The values of E [X 2 (t)] and E [X (t)] , respectively, are

(A) 6000/p, 0 (B) 6400/p, 0

(C) 6400/p, 20/ (p 2 ) (D) 6000/p, 20/ (p 2 )
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2012

Sol. 2 The mean square value of a stationary process equals the total area under the
graph of power spectral density, that is
#S
3
E [X 2 (t)] = X (f ) df
-3

E [X 2 (t)] = 1 #S
3
or, (w) dw
2p -3
X

E [X 2 (t)] = 2 # 1 # SX (w) dw
3
or, (Since the PSD is even)
2p 0
= 1 [area under the triangle + integration of delta function]
p
= 1 ;2 b 1 # 1 # 103 # 6 l + 400E
p 2
= 1 66000 + 400@ = 6400
p p

in
E [X (t)] is the absolute value of mean of signal X (t) which is also equal to value

.
of X (w) at (w = 0).

co
From given PSD

.
SX (w) w = 0 = 0

i a
SX (w) = X (w) 2 = 0

X (w) 2w = 0 = 0

o d
n
X (w) w = 0 = 0

.
w
Option (A) is correct.

w
Q. 3 In a baseband communications link, frequencies upto 3500 Hz are used for
signaling. Using a raised cosine pulse with 75% excess bandwidth and for no

w
inter-symbol interference, the maxi mum possible signaling rate in symbols per
second is

©
(A) 1750
(C) 4000
(B) 2625
(D) 5250
Sol. 3 For raised cosine spectrum transmission bandwidth is given as
BT = W (1 + a) a " Roll of factor
BT = Rb (1 + a) Rb " Maximum signaling rate
2
3500 = Rb (1 + 0.75)
2
Rb = 3500 # 2 = 4000
1.75
Option (C) is correct.
Q. 4 A plane wave propagating in air with E = (8ax + 6ay + 5az ) e j (wt + 3x - 4y) V/m is
incident on a perfectly conducting slab positioned at x # 0 . The E field of the
reflected wave is
-
(A) (- 8ax - 6ay - 5az ) e j (wt + 3x + 4y) V/m (B) (- 8ax + 6ay - 5az ) e j (wt + 3x + 4y) V/m
(C) (- 8ax - 6ay - 5az ) e j (wt - 3x - 4y) V/m (D) (- 8ax + 6ay - 5az ) e j (wt - 3x - 4y) V/m
Sol. 4 Electric field of the propagating wave in free space is given as
Ei = (8ax + 6ay + 5az ) e j (wt + 3x - 4y) V/m
So, it is clear that wave is propagating in the direction (- 3ax + 4ay).
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2012

Since, the wave is incident on a perfectly conducting slab at x = 0 . So, the

reflection coefficient will be equal to - 1.
i.e. Er = (- 1) Ei =- 8ax - 6ay - 5az
0 0

Again, the reflected wave will be as shown in figure.

i.e. the reflected wave will be in direction 3ax + 4ay . Thus, the electric field of the
reflected wave will be.
Ex = (- 8ax - 6ay - 5az ) e j (wt - 3x - 4y) V/m
Option (C) is correct.

in
Q. 5 The electric field of a uniform plane electromagnetic wave in free space, along

.
the positive x direction is given by E = 10 (ay + jaz ) e-j 25x . The frequency and

co
polarization of the wave, respectively, are
(A) 1.2 GHz and left circular (B) 4 Hz and left circular
(C) 1.2 GHz and right circular

a . (D) 4 Hz and right circular

Sol. 5

d i
The field in circular polarization is found to be

o
Es = E 0 (ay ! jaz ) e-jbx propagating in + ve x -direction.

.n
where, plus sign is used for left circular polarization and minus sign for right
circular polarization. So, the given problem has left circular polarization.

w
b = 25 = w

w
c
2pf 8
& f = 25 # c = 25 # 3 # 10 = 1.2 GHz

w
25 =
c 2p 2 # 3.14
Option (A) is correct.
Q. 6
©
Consider the given circuit

In this circuit, the race around

(A) does not occur
(B) occur when CLK = 0
(C) occur when CLK = 1 and A = B = 1
(D) occur when CLK = 1 and A = B = 0
Sol. 6 The given circuit is
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2012

Condition for the race-around

It occurs when the output of the circuit (Y1, Y2) oscillates between ‘0’ and ‘1’
checking it from the options.
1. Option (A): When CLK = 0
Output of the NAND gate will be A1 = B1 = 0 = 1. Due to these input to the next
NAND gate, Y2 = Y1 : 1 = Y1 and Y1 = Y2 : 1 = Y2 .
If Y1 = 0 , Y2 = Y1 = 1 and it will remain the same and doesn’t oscillate.

in
If Y2 = 0 , Y1 = Y2 = 1 and it will also remain the same for the clock period. So,

.
it won’t oscillate for CLK = 0 .

co
So, here race around doesn’t occur for the condition CLK = 0 .
2. Option (C): When CLK = 1, A = B = 1

a .
A1 = B1 = 0 and so Y1 = Y2 = 1

the condition.
d i
And it will remain same for the clock period. So race around doesn’t occur for

o
3. Option (D): When CLK = 1, A = B = 0

n
.
So, A1 = B1 = 1

w
And again as described for Option (B) race around doesn’t occur for the

w
condition.
Option (A) is correct.
Q. 7
w
The output Y of a 2-bit comparator is logic 1 whenever the 2-bit input A is

©
greater than the 2-bit input B . The number of combinations for which the
output is logic 1, is
(A) 4 (B) 6
(C) 8 (D) 10
Sol. 7

Y = 1, when A > B

A = a1 a 0, B = b1 b 0

a1 a0 b1 b0 Y
0 1 0 0 1
1 0 0 0 1
1 0 0 1 1
1 1 0 0 1
1 1 0 1 1
1 1 1 0 1
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2012

Total combination = 6
Q. 8 The i -v characteristics of the diode in the circuit given below are
v - 0.7 A, v $ 0.7 V
i = * 500
0A v < 0.7 V

The current in the circuit is

(A) 10 mA (B) 9.3 mA
(C) 6.67 mA (D) 6.2 mA
Sol. 8 Let v > 0.7 V and diode is forward biased. By applying Kirchoff’s voltage law
10 - i # 1k - v = 0

in
10 - :v - 0.7 D (1000) - v = 0

.
500

co
10 - (v - 0.7) # 2 - v = 0
10 - 3v + 1.4 = 0

a .
v = 11.4 = 3.8 V > 0.7 (Assumption is true)

i
3
So,
500 500

o d
i = v - 0.7 = 3.8 - 0.7 = 6.2 mA

.n
Option (D) is correct.
Q. 9 In the following figure, C1 and C2 are ideal capacitors. C1 has been charged to

w
12 V before the ideal switch S is closed at t = 0. The current i (t) for all t is

w
w
©
(A) zero (B) a step function
(C) an exponentially decaying function (D) an impulse function
Sol. 9 The s -domain equivalent circuit is shown as below.

vc (0) /s v (0)
I (s) = = c
1 + 1 1 + 1
C1 s C 2 s C1 C 2
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2012

I (s) = b C1 C2 l (12 V) = 12Ceq vC (0) = 12 V

C1 + C 2
Taking inverse Laplace transform for the current in time domain,
i (t) = 12Ceq d (t) (Impulse)
Option (D) is correct.
Q. 10 The average power delivered to an impedance (4 - j3) W by a current
5 cos (100pt + 100) A is
(A) 44.2 W (B) 50 W
(C) 62.5 W (D) 125 W
Sol. 10 In phasor form, Z = 4 - j 3 = 5 - 36.86cW
I = 5 100c A
Average power delivered.

in
Pavg. = 1 I 2 Z cos q = 1 # 25 # 5 cos 36.86c = 50 W

.
2 2

co
Alternate method:
Z = (4 - j3) W ,

a .
I = 5 cos (100pt + 100) A

i
Pavg = 1 Re $ I Z . = 1 # Re "(5) 2 # (4 - j3), = 1 # 100 = 50 W
2

d
2 2 2

o
Option (B) is correct.

Q. 11

. n
The unilateral Laplace transform of f (t) is 2 1
s +s+1
. The unilateral Laplace

w
transform of tf (t) is
(A) - 2 s (B) - 2 2s + 1 2

w
(s + s + 1) 2 (s + s + 1)

w
(C) 2 s (D) 2 2s + 1 2
(s + s + 1) 2 (s + s + 1)

©
Sol. 11 Using s -domain differentiation property of Laplace transform.
L
If f (t) F (s)
dF (s)
-
L
tf (t)
ds
L [tf (t)] = - d ; 2 1 2s + 1
ds s + s + 1E (s2 + s + 1) 2
So, =

Option (D) is correct.

Q. 12 With initial condition x (1) = 0.5 , the solution of the differential equation
t dx + x = t , is
dt
(A) x = t - 1 (B) x = t 2 - 1
2 2
2
(C) x = t (D) x = t
2 2
Sol. 12

t dx + x = t
dt
dx + x = 1
dt t
dx + Px = Q (General form)
dt
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2012

IF = e # = e = e lnt = t
1

Integrating factor, Pdt # dt

t

Solution has the form, x # IF = # ^Q # IF hdt + C

x # t = # (1) (t) dt + C
2
xt = t + C
2
Taking the initial condition, x (1) = 0.5
0.5 = 1 + C & C = 0
2
2
So, xt = t & x = t
2 2
Option (D) is correct.
Q. 13 The diodes and capacitors in the circuit shown are ideal. The voltage v (t) across
the diode D1 is

. in
. co
a
di
(A) cos (wt) - 1 (B) sin (wt)

o
(C) 1 - cos (wt) (D) 1 - sin (wt)
Sol. 13

. n
The circuit composed of a clamper and a peak rectifier as shown.

w
w
w
©
Clamper clamps the voltage to zero voltage, as shown

The peak rectifier adds + 1 V to peak voltage, so overall peak voltage lowers down
by - 1 volt.
So, vo = cos wt - 1
Option (A) is correct.
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2012

Q. 14 In the circuit shown

(A) Y = A B + C (B) Y = (A + B) C

in
(C) Y = (A + B ) C (D) Y = AB + C

.
co
Sol. 14 Parallel connection of MOS & OR operation
Series connection of MOS & AND operation

.
The pull-up network acts as an inverter. From pull down network we write

a
i
Y = (A + B) C = (A + B) + C = A B + C

d
Option (A) is correct.
Q. 15

n o
A source alphabet consists of N symbols with the probability of the first two

.
symbols being the same. A source encoder increases the probability of the

w
first symbol by a small amount e and decreases that of the second by e. After
encoding, the entropy of the source

w
(A) increases (B) remains the same

w
(C) increases only if N = 2 (D) decreases

©
Sol. 15 Entropy function of a discrete memory less system is given as
N-1
H = / P log b P1 l
k
k
k=0
where Pk is probability of symbol Sk .
For first two symbols probability is same, so
N-1
H = P1 log b 1 l + P2 log b 1 l + / Pk log b 1 l
P1 P2 k=3
Pk
N-1
=-e P1 log P1 + P2 log P2 + / P log P o
k k
k=3
N-1
=-e 2P log P + / P log P o
k k (P1 = P2 = P)
k=3

Now, P1 = P + e, P2 = P - e
N-1
So, Hl =-=(P + e) log (P + e) + (P - e) log (P - e) + / P log P G
k k
k=3

By comparing, Hl < H , Entropy of source decreases.

Option (D) is correct.
Q. 16 A coaxial-cable with an inner diameter of 1 mm and outer diameter of
2.4 mm is filled with a dielectric of relative permittivity 10.89. Given
-9
m0 = 4p # 10-7 H/m, e0 = 10 F/m , the characteristic impedance of the cable is
36p
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2012

(A) 330 W (B) 100 W

(C) 143.3 W (D) 43.4 W
Sol. 16

Let b " outer diameter

a " inner diameter
Characteristic impedance,
m0 4p # 10-7 # 36p ln 2.4 = 100 W
ln b =
e0 er b a l b 1 l
Z0 =
10-9 # 10.89
Option (B) is correct.
Q. 17 The radiation pattern of an antenna in spherical co-ordinates is given by F (q)
= cos 4 q ; 0 # q # p/2 . The directivity of the antenna is
(A) 10 dB (B) 12.6 dB
(C) 11.5 dB (D) 18 dB

in
Sol. 17 The directivity is defined as
D = Fmax
.
co
Favg

.
Fmax = 1

a
2p 2p
= 1 # F (q, f) dW = 1 ; # # F (q, f) sin qdq dfE

di
Favg
4p 4p 0 0
2p p/2
= 1 ;# # cos 4 q sin qdqdfE

o
4p 0 0

n
p/2

.
5
= 1 ;2p b- cos q lE = 1 # 2p :- 0 + 1 D
4p 5 4p 5

w
0

= 1 2 p = 1
4p # 5

w
10
D = 1 = 10

w
10
or, D (in dB) = 10 log 10 = 10 dB

Q. 18
©
Option (A) is correct.
If x [n] = (1/3) n - (1/2) n u [n], then the region of convergence (ROC) of its z
-transform in the z -plane will be
(A) 1 < z < 3 (B) 1 < z < 1
3 3 2
(C) 1 < z < 3 (D) 1 < z
2 3
Sol. 18

x [ n] = b 1 l - b 1 l u [ n]
n n

3 2
x [n] = b 1 l u [n] + b 1 l u [- n - 1] - b 1 l u (n)
n -n n

3 3 2
Taking z -transform

X 6z @ =
3 3 3
1 n -n 1 -n -n 1 n -n
/ b 3 l z u [ n] + / b 3 l z u [ - n - 1] - / b 2 l z u [ n]
n =- 3 n =- 3 n =- 3
3 -1 3
/ b 13 l z 1
/ b 12 l z
n -n n
= -n
+ / b3l z -
-n -n

n=0 n =- 3 n=0
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2012

3 3 3
/ b 31z l + / b 13 z l - /b 1 l
n m n
= Taking m =- n
n=0 m=1 n=0
2z
14
42I
4
43 1 44 2
II
4
4 3 1 4
4 2
III
4
43

Series I converges if 1 < 1 or z > 1

3z 3
Series II converges if 1 z < 1 or z < 3
3
Series III converges if 1 < 1 or z > 1
2z 2
Region of convergence of X (z) will be intersection of above three
So, ROC : 1 < z < 3
2
Option (C) is correct.
Q. 19 In the sum of products function f (X, Y, Z) = / (2, 3, 4, 5), the prime implicants

in
are

.
(A) XY, XY (B) XY, X Y Z , XY Z

co
(C) XY Z , XYZ, XY (D) XY Z , XYZ, XY Z , XY Z

.
Sol. 19 Prime implicants are the terms that we get by solving K-map

i a
o d
. n F = XY + XY

w
1prime
44 2 44 3
implicants

w
Option (A) is correct.

w
(s2 + 9) (s + 2)
Q. 20 A system with transfer function G (s) =
(s + 1) (s + 3) (s + 4)

©
is excited by sin (wt). The steady-state output of the system is zero at
(A) w = 1 rad/s (B) w = 2 rad/s
(C) w = 3 rad/s (D) w = 4 rad/s
Sol. 20

(s2 + 9) (s + 2)
G (s) =
(s + 1) (s + 3) (s + 4)
(- w2 + 9) (jw + 2)
=
(jw + 1) (jw + 3) (jw + 4)
The steady state output will be zero if
G (jw) = 0
-w 2 + 9 = 0 & w = 3 rad/s
Option (C) is correct.
Q. 21 The impedance looking into nodes 1 and 2 in the given circuit is
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2012

(A) 50 W (B) 100 W

(C) 5 kW (D) 10.1 kW
Sol. 21 We put a test source between terminal 1, 2 to obtain equivalent impedance

. in
ZTh = Vtest

co
Itest

.
Applying KCL at top right node

a
Vtest + Vtest - 99I = I

di
b test
9 k + 1k 100
Vtest + Vtest - 99I = I ...(i)

o
b test
10 k 100

n
Ib =- Vtest =-Vtest

.
But
9k + 1k 10k

w
Substituting Ib into equation (i), we have

w
Vtest + Vtest + 99Vtest = I
test
10 k 100 10 k

w
100Vtest + Vtest = I
test
10 # 103 100

© 2Vtest = I
100 test

ZTh = Vtest = 50 W
Itest
Option (A) is correct.
Q. 22 In the circuit shown below, the current through the inductor is
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2012

(A) 2 A (B) - 1 A
1+j 1+j
(C) 1 A (D) 0 A
1+j
Sol. 22

. in
. co
i a
Applying nodal analysis at top node.

d
V1 + 1 0c V1 + 1 0c
+ = 1 0c
1 j1

n o
V1 (j 1 + 1) + j 1 + 1 0c = j1

.
V1 = - 1

w
1 + j1
1

w
V1 + 1 0c - 1 + j + 1 j
Current I1 = = = = 1 A
(1 + j) j 1 + j

w
j1 j1
Option (C) is correct.

©
Q. 23 Given f (z) = 1 - 2 .
z+1 z+3
If C is a counter clockwise path in the z -plane such that z + 1 = 1, the value of
1
2pj #C
f (z) dz is
(A) - 2 (B) - 1
(C) 1 (D) 2
Sol. 23

f (z) = 1 - 2
z+1 z+3
1
2p j # f (z) dz
C
= sum of the residues of the poles which lie
inside the given closed region.
C & z+1 = 1
Only pole z =- 1 inside the circle, so residue at z =- 1 is.
-z + 1 (z + 1) (- z + 1) 2
f (z) = = lim = =1
(z + 1) (z + 3) z "- 1 (z + 1) (z + 3) 2
1
2pj #C
So f (z) dz = 1
Option (C) is correct.
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2012

Q. 24 Two independent random variables X and Y are uniformly distributed in the

interval 6- 1, 1@. The probability that max 6X, Y @ is less than 1/2 is
(A) 3/4 (B) 9/16
(C) 1/4 (D) 2/3
Sol. 24 Probability density function of uniformly distributed variables X and Y is shown
as

P &[max (x, y)] < 1 0

2
Since X and Y are independent.

in
P &[max (x, y)] < 1 0 = P b X < 1 l P bY < 1 l
2 2 2

.
co
P b X < 1 l = shaded area = 3
2 4
Similarly for Y : P bY < 1 l = 3
2

a .
4
So
i
P &[max (x, y)] < 1 0 = 3 # 3 = 9

d
2 4 4 16

o
.n
Alternate Method:

w
From the given data since random variables X and Y lies in the interval [- 1, 1]

w
as from the figure X , Y lies in the region of the square ABCD .

w
©

Probability for max 6X, Y @ < 1/2 : The points for max 6X, Y @ < 1/2 will be inside
the region of square AEFG .
So, P &max 6X, Y @ < 1 0 = Area of 4AEFG
2 Area of square ABCD
3 3
= 9
2 #2
=
2#2 16
Option (B) is correct.
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2012

Q. 25 If x = - 1, then the value of xx is

(A) e- p/2 (B) e p/2
(C) x (D) 1
Sol. 25

x= - 1 = i = cos p + i sin p
2 2
p
So, x = ei 2
xx = ^ei 2 h & ^ei 2 h = e- 2
p x p i p

Option (A) is correct.

Q. 26 to Q. 55 carry two marks each.

. in
Q. 26 The source of a silicon (ni = 1010 per cm3) n -channel MOS transistor has an

co
area of 1 sq mm and a depth of 1 mm . If the dopant density in the source is
1019 /cm3 , the number of holes in the source region with the above volume is

.
approximately

a
(A) 107 (B) 100
(C) 10

d i (D) 0

o
Sol. 26

. n
For the semiconductor, n 0 p 0 = n i2

w
2 20
p 0 = n i = 1019 = 10 per cm3
n 0 10

w
Volume of given device, V = Area # depth = 1 mm2 # 1 mm

w
= 10-8 cm2 # 10-4 cm = 10-12 cm3
So total no. of holes is,

© p = p 0 # V = 10 # 10-12 = 10-11
Which is approximately equal to zero.
Option (D) is correct.
Q. 27 A BPSK scheme operating over an AWGN channel with noise power
spectral density of N 0 /2, uses equiprobable signals s1 (t) = 2E sin (wc t) and
T
s2 (t) =- 2E sin (wc t) over the symbol interval (0, T). If the local oscillator in
T
a coherent receiver is ahead in phase by 45c with respect to the received signal,
the probability of error in the resulting system is
(A) Q c 2E m (B) Q c E m
N0 N0
(C) Q c E E
2N 0 m
(D) Q c
4N 0 m
Sol. 27 In a coherent binary PSK system, the pair of signals s1 (t) and s2 (t) used to
represent binary system 1 and 0 respectively.
s1 (t) = 2E sin wc t
T
s2 (t) =- 2E sin w t
c
T
where 0 # t # T , E is the transmitted energy per bit.
General function of local oscillator
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2012

f1 (t) = 2 sin (w t), 0 # t < T

c
T
But here local oscillator is ahead with 45c. so,
f1 (t) = 2 sin (w t + 45c)
c
T
The coordinates of message points are
T
s11 = # s (t) f (t) dt
0
1 1

T
2E sin w t 2 sin (w t + 45c) dt
= #
0 T c
T c

2E T
=
T # sin (w t) sin (w t + 45c) dt
0
c c

2E 2 T
1 [sin 45c + sin (2w t + 45c)] dt
=
T T #0 2 c

= 1
T
1 dt + 1 E Tsin (2w t + 45c) dt
T
E #
0 2 T #0 c
144444442 0
4 44444 3

in
E

.
=
2

co
Similarly, s21 =- E

.
2
Signal space diagram

i a
o d
.n
w
w
w
Now here the two message points are s11 and s21 .
The error at the receiver will be considered.

©
When : (i) s11 is transmitted and s21 received
(ii) s21 is transmitted and s11 received
So, probability for the 1st case will be as :
P b s21 received l = P (X < 0) (as shown in diagram)
s11 transmitted
= P _ E/2 + N < 0i
= P _N < - E/2 i
Taking the Gaussian distribution as shown below :

Mean of the Gaussian distribution = E/2

N
Variance = 0
2
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2012

Putting it in the probability function :

`x + E/2 j
2

E = 0
1
P bN < -
2l # e- 2N 0 /2 dx
-3
2p N 0
2
1 e- `x + NE/2 j dx
2
0
= #
-3 pN 0
0

x + E/2
Taking, =t
N 0 /2
dx = N 0 dt
2
So, P _N < - E/2 i = 1 e- t2 dt Q E
2

# c N0 m
3

E/N 0 2p

in
where Q is error function.

.
Since symbols are equiprobable in the 2 nd case

co
So,

.
P b s11 received l = Q c E m
s21 transmitted N0

So the average probability of error

i a
2 d
= 1 ;P b s21 received l + P b s11 received lE

os11 transmitted s21 transmitted

. 2 n
= 1 =Q c E +Q
N0 m c
E =Q
N 0 mG c
E
N0 m

w
Option (B) is correct.
Q. 28
w
A transmission line with a characteristic impedance of 100 W is used to match a

w
50 W section to a 200 W section. If the matching is to be done both at 429 MHz

©
and 1 GHz, the length of the transmission line can be approximately
(A) 82.5 cm (b) 1.05 m
(C) 1.58 cm (D) 1.75 m
Sol. 28

Since Z0 = Z1 Z 2
100 = 50 # 200
This is quarter wave matching. The length would be odd multiple of l/4 .
l = (2m + 1) l
4

f1 = 429 MHz, l1 = c = 3 # 108 = 0.174 m

f1 # 4 429 # 106 # 4
8
f2 = 1 GHz , l2 = c = 3 # 10 = 0.075 m
f2 # 4 1 # 10 # 4
9

Only option (C) is odd multiple of both l1 and l2 .

(2m + 1) = 1.58 = 9
l1
(2m + 1) = 58 - 21
1.
l2
Option (C) is correct.
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2012

Q. 29 The input x (t) and output y (t) of a system are related as

t
y (t) = # x (t) cos (3t) dt . The system is
-3
(A) time-invariant and stable (B) stable and not time-invariant
(C) time-invariant and not stable (D) not time-invariant and not stable
Sol. 29
t
y (t) = # x (t) cos (3t) dt
-3
Time Invariance :
Let, x (t) = d (t)
t
y (t) = # d (t) cos (3t) dt
-3
= u (t) cos (0) = u (t)
For a delayed input (t - t 0) output is
t
y (t, t 0) = # d (t - t ) cos (3t) dt
-3
0 = u (t) cos (3t 0)
Delayed output,

in
y (t - t 0) = u (t - t 0)

.
y (t, t 0) ! y (t - t 0) System is not time invariant.

co# #
Stability :
Consider a bounded input x (t) = cos 3t
y (t) = # cos2 3t = # 1 - cos 6t = 1
. 1dt - 1
t t t t

a
cos 6t dt
2 2 2

di
-3 -3 -3 -3

As t " 3, y (t) " 3 (unbounded) System is not stable.

o
Option (D) is correct.

. n
Q. 30 The feedback system shown below oscillates at 2 rad/s when

w
w
w
©
(A) K = 2 and a = 0.75 (B) K = 3 and a = 0.75
(C) K = 4 and a = 0.5 (D) K = 2 and a = 0.5
Sol. 30

K (s + 1)
Y (s) = [R (s) - Y (s)]
s + as2 + 2s + 1
3

K (s + 1) K (s + 1)
Y (s) ;1 +
s + as2 + 2s + 1E
3 = 3 R (s)
s + as2 + 2s + 1
Y (s) [s3 + as2 + s (2 + k) + (1 + k)] = K (s + 1) R (s)
Y (s) K (s + 1)
Transfer Function, H (s) = = 3
R (s) s + as2 + s (2 + k) + (1 + k)
Routh Table :
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2012

a (2 + K) - (1 + K)
For oscillation, =0
a
a = K+1
K+2
Auxiliary equation A (s) = as2 + (k + 1) = 0
s2 =- k + 1 = - k + 1 (k + 2) =- (k + 2)
a (k + 1)
s = j k+2
jw = j k + 2
w = k+2 = 2 (Oscillation frequency)
k =2
and a = 2 + 1 = 3 = 0.75
2+2 4
Option (A) is correct.

in
The Fourier transform of a signal h (t) is H (jw) = (2 cos w) (sin 2w) /w . The value

.
Q. 31
of h (0) is

co
(A) 1/4 (B) 1/2

.
(C) 1 (D) 2
Sol. 31

i a
d
(2 cos w) (sin 2w)
H (jw) = = sin 3w + sin w

o
w w w

n
We know that inverse Fourier transform of sin c function is a rectangular function.

.
w
w
w
©

So, inverse Fourier transform of H (jw)

h (t) = h1 (t) + h2 (t)
h (0) = h1 (0) + h2 (0) = 1 + 1 = 1
2 2
Option (C) is correct.
Q. 32 The state variable description of an LTI system is given by
Jxo1N J 0 a1 0NJx1N J0N
K O K OK O K O
Kxo2O = K 0 0 a2OKx2O + K0O u
Kxo O Ka 0 0OKx 3O K 1O
3 3
L P L Jx1NPL P L P
K O
y = _1 0 0iKx2O
Kx 3O
L P
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2012

where y is the output and u is the input. The system is controllable for
(A) a1 ! 0, a2 = 0, a 3 ! 0 (B) a1 = 0, a2 ! 0, a 3 ! 0
(C) a1 = 0, a 3 ! 0, a 3 = 0 (D) a1 ! 0, a2 ! 0, a 3 = 0
Sol. 32 General form of state equations are given as
xo = Ax + Bu
yo = Cx + Du
For the given problem
R 0 a 0V R0V
S 1 W S W
A = S 0 0 a2W, B = S0W
SSa 0 0WW SS1WW
3
RT 0 a 0VXR0V R 0VT X
S 1 WS W S W
AB = S 0 0 a2WS0W = Sa2W
SSa 0 0WWSS1WW SS 0WW
3
RT 0 0XT aX1 a2VWTRS0XVW RSa1 a2VW
2
S
A B = Sa2 a 3 0 0WS0W = S 0W

in
SS 0 a a 0WWSS1WW SS 0WW
3 1

.
T XT X T X
For controllability it is necessary that following matrix has a tank of n = 3 .

co
R0 0 a a V
S 1 2W
U = 6B : AB : A2 B@ = S0 a2

.
0W
SS1 0 0WW
So, a2 ! 0

i a T X

d
a1 a 2 ! 0 & a1 ! 0 a 3 may be zero or not.

o
Option (D) is correct.

.n
Q. 33 Assuming both the voltage sources are in phase, the value of R for which
maximum power is transferred from circuit A to circuit B is

w
w
w
©
(A) 0.8 W (B) 1.4 W
(C) 2 W (D) 2.8 W
Sol. 33 We obtain Thevenin equivalent of circuit B .

Thevenin Impedance :
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2012

ZTh = R

Thevenin Voltage :
VTh = 3 0c V
Now, circuit becomes as

. in
Current in the circuit,
. co
I1 = 10 - 3

a
2+R
Power transfer from circuit A to B

d i
o
P = (I 12) 2 R + 3I1

n
P = :10 - 3D R + 3 :10 - 3D
2

.
2+R 2+R

w
P = 49R 2 + 21
(2 + R) (2 + R)

w
49R + 21 (2 + R)
P =

w
(2 + R) 2
P = 42 + 70R2

©
(2 + R)
2
dP = (2 + R) 70 - (42 + 70R) 2 (2 + R) = 0
dR (2 + R) 4
(2 + R) [(2 + R) 70 - (42 + 70R) 2] = 0
140 + 70R - 84 - 140R = 0
56 = 70R
R = 0.8 W
Option (A) is correct.
Q. 34 Consider the differential equation
d 2 y (t) dy (t) dy
+2 + y (t)= d (t) with y (t) t = 0 =- 2 and =0
dt 2 dt -
dt t = 0-
dy
The numerical value of is
dt t = 0
+
(A) - 2 (B) - 1
(C) 0 (D) 1
Sol. 34

d 2 y (t) 2dy (t)

+ + y (t) = d (t)
dt 2 dt
By taking Laplace transform with initial conditions
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2012

dy
;s Y (s) - sy (0) - dt E + 2 [sy (s) - y (0)] + Y (s)
2
=1
t=0

6s Y (s) + 2s - 0@ + 2 6sY (s) + 2@ + Y (s) = 1

2
&
Y (s) [s2 + 2s + 1] = 1 - 2s - 4
Y (s) = 2- 2s - 3
s + 2s + 1
L
We know that, If, y (t) Y (s)
dy (t)
sY (s) - y (0)
L
then,
dt
(- 2s - 3) s
So, sY (s) - y (0) = +2
(s2 + 2s + 1)
2 2
= - 2s - 32 s + 2s + 4s + 2
(s + 2s + 1)
sY (s) - y (0) = s + 2 = s + 1 + 1
(s + 1) 2 (s + 1) 2 (s + 1) 2

in
= 1 + 1
s + 1 (s + 1) 2
Taking inverse Laplace transform
.
co
dy (t)
= e-t u (t) + te-t u (t)

.
dt

a
dy

i
At t = 0+ , = e0 + 0 = 1
dt t = 0

d
+

Option (D) is correct.

o
.n
Q. 35 The direction of vector A is radially outward from the origin, with A = krn
. where r2 = x2 + y2 + z2 and k is a constant. The value of n for which d:A = 0

w
is
(A) - 2 (B) 2
(C) 1
w (D) 0
Sol. 35
w
Divergence of A in spherical coordinates is given as

© d:A = 12 2 (r 2 Ar ) = 12 2 (krn + 2)
r 2r
= k2 (n + 2) rn + 1
r 2r

r
= k (n + 2) rn - 1 = 0 (given)
n+2 = 0 & n =- 2
Option (A) is correct.
Q. 36 A fair coin is tossed till a head appears for the first time. The probability that
the number of required tosses is odd, is
(A) 1/3 (B) 1/2
(C) 2/3 (D) 3/4
Sol. 36 Probability of appearing a head is 1/2. If the number of required tosses is odd,
we have following sequence of events.
H, TTH, TTTTH, ...........
P = 1 + b 1 l + b 1 l + .....
3 5
Probability
2 2 2
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2012

1
P = 2
=2
1 - 14 3
Option (C) is correct.
Q. 37 In the CMOS circuit shown, electron and hole mobilities are equal, and M1 and
M2 are equally sized. The device M1 is in the linear region if

(A) Vin < 1.875 V (B) 1.875 V < Vin < 3.125 V

in
(C) Vin > 3.125 V (D) 0 < Vin < 5 V

.
co
Sol. 37 Given the circuit as below :

a .
d i
n o
.
w
w
Since all the parameters of PMOS and NMOS are equal.

w
So, mn = mp
COX b l = COX bW l = COX bW l
W

©
L M1 L M2 L
Given that M1 is in linear region. So, we assume that M2 is either in cutoff or
saturation.
Case 1 : M2 is in cut off
So, I 2 = I1 = 0
Where I1 is drain current in M1 and I2 is drain current in M2 .
m C
Since, I1 = p OX bW l82VSD ^VSG - VTp h - V SD
2
B
2 L
m C
& 0 = p OX bW l [2VSD ^VSG - VTp h - V SD
2
]
2 L
Solving it we get,
2 ^VSG - VTp h = VSD
& 2 ^5 - Vin - 1h = 5 - VD
& Vin = VD + 3
2
For I1 = 0 , VD = 5 V
So, Vin = 5 + 3 = 4 V
2
So for the NMOS
VGS = Vin - 0 = 4 - 0 = 4 V and VGS > VTn
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2012

So it can’t be in cutoff region.

Case 2 : M2 must be in saturation region.
So, I1 = I 2
mp COX W mn COX W
2 L6 @ = 2 L (VGS - VTn)
2 2
2 (VSG - VTp) VSD - V SD
2
& 2 (VSG - VTp) VSD - V SD = (VGS - VTn) 2
& 2 (5 - Vin - 1) (5 - VD) - (5 - VD) 2 = (Vin - 0 - 1) 2
& 2 (4 - Vin) (5 - VD) - (5 - VD) 2 = (Vin - 1) 2
Substituting VD = VDS = VGS - VTn and for N -MOS & VD = Vin - 1
& 2 (4 - Vin) (6 - Vin) - (6 - Vin) 2 = (Vin - 1) 2
& 48 - 36 - 8Vin =- 2Vin + 1
& 6Vin = 11
& Vin = 11 = 1.833 V
6

in
So for M2 to be in saturation Vin < 1.833 V or Vin < 1.875 V

.
Option (A) is correct.

co
Q. 38 A binary symmetric channel (BSC) has a transition probability of 1/8. If the
binary symbol X is such that P (X = 0) = 9/10, then the probability of error
for an optimum receiver will be

a .
i
(A) 7/80 (B) 63/80

d
(C) 9/10 (D) 1/10

o
.n
Sol. 38

w
Q. 39 The signal m (t) as shown is applied to both a phase modulator (with k p as the

w
phase constant) and a frequency modulator (with k f as the frequency constant)
having the same carrier frequency.

w
©

The ratio k p /k f (in rad/Hz) for the same maximum phase deviation is
(A) 8p (B) 4p
(C) 2p (D) p
Sol. 39 General equation of FM and PM waves are given by
t
fFM (t) = Ac cos ;wc t + 2pk f # m (t) dtE
0

fPM (t) = Ac cos [wc t + k p m (t)]

For same maximum phase deviation.
t
k p [m (t)] max = 2pk f ; # m (t) dtE
0 max
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2012

k p # 2 = 2pk f [x (t)] max

t
where, x (t) = # m (t) dt
0

[x (t)] max = 4
So, k p # 2 = 2p k f # 4
kp
= 4p
kf

in
Option (B) is correct.

.
co
Q. 40 The magnetic field among the propagation direction inside a rectangular
waveguide with the cross-section shown in the figure is

.
Hz = 3 cos (2.094 # 102 x) cos (2.618 # 102 y) cos (6.283 # 1010 t - bz)

i a
o d
. n
w
The phase velocity v p of the wave inside the waveguide satisfies
(A) v p > c
w (B) v p = c

w
(C) 0 < v p < c (D) v p = 0

©
Sol. 40

Hz = 3 cos (2.094 # 102 x) cos (2.618 # 102 y) cos (6.283 # 1010 t - bz)
bx = 2.094 # 102
by = 2.618 # 102
w = 6.283 # 1010 rad/s
For the wave propagation,

b = w 2 - (b 2 + b 2)
x y
c2
Substituting above values,
6.283 # 1010 2 - (2.0942 + 2.6182) 10 4 - j261
b = c 3 108 m #
#
b is imaginary so mode of operation is non-propagating.
vp = 0
Option (D) is correct.
Q. 41 The circuit shown is a
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2012

(A) low pass filter with f3dB = 1 rad/s

(R1 + R2) C
(B) high pass filter with f3dB = 1 rad/s
R1 C
(C) low pass filter with f3dB = 1 rad/s
R1 C
(D) high pass filter with f3dB = 1 rad/s
(R1 + R2) C
Sol. 41 First we obtain the transfer function.

. in
. co
i a
1 +R
+
o d
0 - Vi (jw) 0 - Vo (jw)
=0

.n
R2
1
jw C

w
Vo (jw) - Vi (jw)
=
R2 1 +R

w
1
jw C

w
V (jw) R2
Vo (jw) =- i
R1 - j 1
wC

©
At w " 0 (Low frequencies),
At w " 3 (higher frequencies)
1
wC
" 3, so Vo = 0

1 " 0, so V (jw) =- R2 V (jw)

o
wC R1 i
The filter passes high frequencies so it is a high pass filter.
H (jw) = Vo = - R2
Vi R1 - j 1
wC
H (3) = - R 2
= 2R
R1 R1
At 3 dB frequency, gain will be 2 times of maximum gain 6H (3)@
H ^ jw0h = 1 H (3)
2
So, R2 = 1 b R2 l
2
R1 + 2 2 1 2 R1
w0 C

2R 12 = R 12 + 1
w02 C 2
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2012

R 12 =1
w 2C 2
w0 = 1
R1 C
Option (B) is correct.
Q. 42 Let y [n] denote the convolution of h [n] and g [n], where h [n] = (1/2) n u [n] and
g [n] is a causal sequence. If y [0] = 1 and y [1] = 1/2, then g [1] equals
(A) 0 (B) 1/2
(C) 1 (D) 3/2
Sol. 42 Convolution sum is defined as
3
y [n] = h [n] * g [n] = / h [n] g [n - k]
k =- 3

in
3
For causal sequence, y [n] = / h [n] g [n - k]
.
k=0

co
y [n] = h [n] g [n] + h [n] g [n - 1] + h [n] g [n - 2] + .....
For n = 0 , y [0] = h [0] g [0] + h [1] g [- 1] + ...........

a .
y [0] = h [0] g [0] g [- 1] = g [- 2] = ....0

i
y [0] = h [0] g [0] ...(i)

d
For n = 1, y [1] = h [1] g [1] + h [1] g [0] + h [1] g [- 1] + ....

o
y [1] = h [1] g [1] + h [1] g [0]

n
.
1 = 1 g [1] + 1 g [0] h [1] = 1 1 = 1
2 2 2 b2l 2

w 1 = g [1] + g [0]

w g [1] = 1 - g [0]

w
y [ 0] 1
From equation (i), g [0] = = =1
h [ 0] 1

©
So, g [1] = 1 - 1 = 0
Option (A) is correct.
Q. 43 The state transition diagram for the logic circuit shown is
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2012

Sol. 43 Let Qn + 1 is next state and Qn is the present state. From the given below figure.
D = Y = AX 0 + AX1
Qn + 1 = D = AX 0 + AX1
Qn + 1 = A Qn + AQn X 0 = Q , X1 = Q
If A = 0, Qn + 1 = Qn (toggle of previous state)
If A = 1, Qn + 1 = Qn
So state diagram is

Option (D) is correct.

Q. 44 The voltage gain Av of the circuit shown below is

. in
. co
i a
o d
.n
(A) Av . 200 (B) Av . 100

w
(C) Av . 20 (D) Av . 10

w
Sol. 44 DC Analysis :

w
©

Using KVL in input loop,

VC - 100IB - 0.7 = 0
VC = 100IB + 0.7 ...(i)
IC - IE = 13.7 - VC = (b + 1) IB
12k
13.7 - VC = 100I ...(ii)
B
12 # 103
Solving equation (i) and (ii), IB = 0.01 mA
Small Signal Analysis :
Transforming given input voltage source into equivalent current source.
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2012

This is a shunt-shunt feedback amplifier.

Given parameters,
rp = VT = 25 mV = 2.5 kW
IB 0.01 mA
b 100
gm = = = 0.04 s
rp 2.5 # 1000
Writing KCL at output node

in
v0 + g v + v0 - vp = 0

.
m p
RC RF

co
v 0 : 1 + 1 D + v p :gm - 1 D = 0
RC RF RF

.
Substituting RC = 12 kW, RF = 100 kW, gm = 0.04 s

a
i
v 0 (9.33 # 10-5) + v p (0.04) = 0

Writing KCL at input node

o d v 0 =- 428.72Vp ...(i)

Rs
. n
vi = v p + v p + v p - vo
Rs rp RF

w
vi = v 1 + 1 + 1 - v 0
p:
Rs rp RF D RF

w
Rs
vi = v (5.1 10-4) - v 0

w
p #
Rs RF

©
Substituting Vp from equation (i)
vi = - 5.1 # 10-4 v - v 0
0
Rs 428.72 RF
vi =- 1.16 # 10-6 v 0 - 1 # 10-5 v 0
10 # 103
Rs = 10 kW (source resistance)
vi =- 1.116 # 10-5
10 # 103
Av = v 0 = 1 - 8.96
vi 10 # 103 # 1.116 # 10-5
Option (D) is correct.
Q. 45 If VA - VB = 6 V then VC - VD is

(A) - 5 V (B) 2 V
(C) 3 V (D) 6 V
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2012

Sol. 45 In the given circuit

VA - VB = 6 V
So current in the branch will be
IAB = 6 = 3 A
2
We can see, that the circuit is a one port circuit looking from terminal BD as
shown below

For a one port network current entering one terminal, equals the current leaving

in
the second terminal. Thus the outgoing current from A to B will be equal to the

.
incoming current from D to C as shown

co
i.e. IDC = IAB = 3 A

a .
d i
o
.n
w
The total current in the resistor 1 W will be

w I1 = 2 + IDC (By writing KCL at node D )

w = 2+3 = 5A

©
So, VCD = 1 # (- I1)
=- 5 V
Option (A) is correct.
Q. 46 The maximum value of f (x) = x3 - 9x2 + 24x + 5 in the interval [1, 6] is
(A) 21 (B) 25
(C) 41 (D) 46
Sol. 46

f (x) = x3 - 9x2 + 24x + 5

df (x)
= 3x2 - 18x + 24 = 0
dx
df (x)
& = x 2 - 6x + 8 = 0 x = 4, x = 2
dx
d 2 f (x)
= 6x - 18
dx 2
d 2 f (x)
For x = 2, = 12 - 18 =- 6 < 0
dx2
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2012

So at x = 2, f (x) will be maximum

f (x) = (2) 3 - 9 (2) 2 + 24 (2) + 5

max
= 8 - 36 + 48 + 5 = 25
Option (B) is correct.
Q. 47 Given that
-5 -3 1 0
A=> H and I = >
0 1H
, the value of A3 is
2 0
(A) 15A + 12I
(B) 19A + 30I
(C) 17A + 15I
(D) 17A + 21I

in
Sol. 47 Characteristic equation.

.
A - lI = 0

co
-5 - l -3
=0
2 -l
5l + l2 + 6 = 0

a .
d i
l2 + 5l + 6 = 0
Since characteristic equation satisfies its own matrix, so

o
A2 + 5A + 6 = 0 & A2 =- 5A - 6I

n
.
Multiplying with A

w
A 3 + 5A 2 + 6A = 0
A3 + 5 (- 5A - 6I) + 6A = 0

w A3 = 19A + 30I

w
Option (B) is correct.

©
Common Data Questions

Common Data for Questions 48 and 49 :

With 10 V dc connected at port A in the linear nonreciprocal two-port network
shown below, the following were observed :
(i) 1 W connected at port B draws a current of 3 A
(ii) 2.5 W connected at port B draws a current of 2 A

Q. 48 With 10 V dc connected at port A, the current drawn by 7 W connected at port

B is
(A) 3/7 A (B) 5/7 A

(C) 1 A (D) 9/7 A

GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2012

Sol. 48 When 10 V is connected at port A the network is

Now, we obtain Thevenin equivalent for the circuit seen at load terminal, let
Thevenin voltage is VTh, 10 V with 10 V applied at port A and Thevenin resistance
is RTh .

. in
co
V
IL = Th,10 V

.
RTh + RL

a
For RL = 1 W , IL = 3 A

di
V
3 = Th,10 V ...(i)
RTh + 1

no
For RL = 2.5 W , IL = 2 A
V

.
= Th,10 V ...(ii)
RTh + 2.5

w
Dividing above two
3 = RTh + 2.5

w
2 RTh + 1

w
3RTh + 3 = 2RTh + 5
RTh = 2 W

©
Substituting RTh into equation (i)
VTh,10 V = 3 (2 + 1) = 9 V
Note that it is a non reciprocal two port network. Thevenin voltage seen at port
B depends on the voltage connected at port A. Therefore we took subscript
VTh,10 V . This is Thevenin voltage only when 10 V source is connected at input port
A. If the voltage connected to port A is different, then Thevenin voltage will be
different. However, Thevenin’s resistance remains same.
Now, the circuit is as shown below :

VTh,10 V
For RL = 7 W , IL = = 9 = 1A
2 + RL 2 + 7
Option (C) is correct.
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2012

Q. 49 For the same network, with 6 V dc connected at port A, 1 W connected at port

B draws 7/3 A. If 8 V dc is connected to port A, the open circuit voltage at
port B is
(A) 6 V (B) 7 V
(C) 8 V (D) 9 V
Sol. 49 Now, when 6 V connected at port A let Thevenin voltage seen at port B is VTh,6 V
. Here RL = 1 W and IL = 7 A
3

3 3
. in
VTh, 6 V = RTh # 7 + 1 # 7 = 2 # 7 + 7 = 7 V
3 3

co
This is a linear network, so VTh at port B can be written as

.
VTh = V1 a + b

i a
where V1 is the input applied at port A.

d
We have V1 = 10 V , VTh,10 V = 9 V

o
` 9 = 10a + b ...(i)

n
When V1 = 6 V , VTh, 6 V = 9 V
`
. 7 = 6a + b ...(ii)

w
Solving (i) and (ii)

w
a = 0.5 , b = 4
Thus, with any voltage V1 applied at port A, Thevenin voltage or open circuit

w
voltage at port B will be

©
So, VTh, V = 0.5V1 + 4
1

For V1 = 8 V
VTh,8 V = 0.5 # 8 + 4 = 8 = Voc (open circuit voltage)
Option (B) is correct.

Common Data for Question 50 and 51 :

In the three dimensional view of a silicon n -channel MOS transistor shown below,
d = 20 nm . The transistor is of width 1 mm . The depletion width formed at every
p-n junction is 10 nm. The relative permittivity of Si and SiO 2 , respectively, are
11.7 and 3.9, and e0 = 8.9 # 10-12 F/m .
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2012

Q. 50 The gate source overlap capacitance is approximately

(A) 0.7 fF (B) 0.7 pF

in
(C) 0.35 fF (D) 0.24 pF

.
co
Sol. 50 Gate source overlap capacitance.
Co = dWeox e0 (medium Sio 2 )

.
tox

i a
-9 -6 -12
= 20 # 10 # 1 # 10 #-93.9 # 8.9 # 10 = 0.69 # 10-15 F

d
1 10
Option (B) is correct.#
Q. 51

o
The source-body junction capacitance is approximately

.n
(A) 2 fF (B) 7 fF

w
(C) 2 pF (D) 7 pF

w
Sol. 51

Source body junction capacitance.

w Cs = Aer e0
d

©A = (0.2 mm + 0.2 mm + 0.2 mm) # 1 mm + 2 (0.2 mm # 0.2 mm)

= 0.68 mm2
d = 10 nm (depletion width of all junction)
-12
Cs = 0.68 # 10 # 11.7 -# 8.9 # 10-12 = 7 10-15 F
9 #
10 # 10
Option (B) is correct.

Linked Answer Questions

Statement for Linked Answer Question 52 and 53 :

An infinitely long uniform solid wire of radius a carries a uniform dc current of
density J
Q. 52 The magnetic field at a distance r from the center of the wire is proportional to
(A) r for r < a and 1/r 2 for r > a (B) 0 for r < a and 1/r for r > a
(C) r for r < a and 1/r for r > a (D) 0 for r < a and 1/r 2 for r > a
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2012

Sol. 52

For r > a , Ienclosed = (pa2) J

# H : dl = Ienclosed

H # 2pr = (pa2) J
H = Io Io = (pa2) J
2pr
H \ 1 , for r > a
r
J (pr 2) Jr 2
For r < a , Ienclosed = = 2
pa 2 a
So, # H : dl= Ienclosed
2
H # 2pr = Jr2

in
a
H = Jr 2
.
co
2pa
H \ r , for r < a
Q. 53

a .
A hole of radius b (b < a) is now drilled along the length of the wire at a

i
distance d from the center of the wire as shown below.

d
n o
.
w
w
w
©
The magnetic field inside the hole is
(A) uniform and depends only on d (B) uniform and depends only on b
(C) uniform and depends on both b and d (D) non uniform
Sol. 53 Assuming the cross section of the wire on x -y plane as shown in figure.
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2012

Since, the hole is drilled along the length of wire. So, it can be assumed that the
drilled portion carriers current density of - J .
Now, for the wire without hole, magnetic field intensity at point P will be given
as
Hf1 (2pR) = J (pR2)
Hf1 (2pR) = JR
2
Since, point o is at origin. So, in vector form
H1 = J (xax + yay)
2
Again only due to the hole magnetic field intensity will be given as.
(Hf2) (2pr) =- J (pr 2)
Hf2 = - Jr
2
Again, if we take Ol at origin then in vector form
H2 = - J (xlax + ylay)
2

in
where xl and yl denotes point ‘P ’ in the new co-ordinate system.

.
Now the relation between two co-ordinate system will be.

co
x = xl + d
y = yl

a .
i
So, H2 = - J [(x - d) ax + yay]

d
2

o
So, total magnetic field intensity = H1 + H2 = J dax
2

.n
So, magnetic field inside the hole will depend only on ‘d ’.
Option (B) is correct.

w
w
Statement for Linked Answer Question 54 and 55 :
Q. 54
w
The transfer function of a compensator is given as

© Gc (s) = s + a
Gc (s) is a lead compensator if
(A) a = 1, b = 2
s+b
(B) a = 3, b = 2
(C) a =- 3, b =- 1 (D) a = 3, b = 1
Sol. 54

jw + a
GC (s) = s + a =
s+b jw + b
Phase lead angle f = tan-1 a w k - tan-1 a w k
a b
Jw - wN
f = tan-1 K a b O = tan-1 w (b - a)
KK w 2
OO c ab + w 2 m
1+
L ab P
For phase-lead compensation f > 0
b-a > 0
b >a
Note: For phase lead compensator zero is nearer to the origin as compared to
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2012

pole, so option (C) can not be true.

Option (A) is correct.
Q. 55 The phase of the above lead compensator is maximum at
(A) 2 rad/s (B) 3 rad/s
(C) 6 rad/s (D) 1/ 3 rad/s
Sol. 55

f = tan-1 a w k - tan-1 a w k
a b
df 1 / a 1 / b
= - =0
dw 1 +awk 1 +awk
2 2
a b
1 + w2 = 1 + 1 w2
a ab2 b b a2

in
1 - 1 = w2 1 - 1
ab b a b l
.
a b

co
w = ab = 1 # 2 = 2 rad/ sec

.
Option (A) is correct.

i a
d
General Aptitude (GA) Question (Compulsory)

n o
.
Q. 56 - Q. 60 carry one mark each.
Q. 56

w
If (1.001) 1259 = 3.52 and (1.001) 2062 = 7.85, then (1.001) 3321

w
(A) 2.23 (B) 4.33

w
(C) 11.37 (D) 27.64
Sol. 56

©
Let 1.001 = x
So in given data :
x1259 = 3.52
x2062 = 7.85
Again x3321 = x1259 + 2062 = x1259 x2062 = 3.52 # 7.85 = 27.64
Option (D) is correct option.

Choose the most appropriate alternate from the options given below to complete
the following sentence :
Q. 57 If the tired soldier wanted to lie down, he..................the mattress out on the
balcony.
(A) should take (B) shall take
(C) should have taken (D) will have taken
Sol. 57 Option (C) is correct.

Choose the most appropriate word from the options given below to complete the
following sentence :
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2012

Q. 58 Give the seriousness of the situation that he had to face, his........was impressive.
(A) beggary (B) nomenclature
(C) jealousy (D) nonchalance
Sol. 58 Option (D) is correct.

Which one of the following options is the closest in meaning to the word given
below ?
Q. 59 Latitude
(A) Eligibility (B) Freedom
(C) Coercion (D) Meticulousness
Sol. 59 Option (B) is correct.

One of the parts (A, B, C, D) in the sentence given below contains an ERROR.

in
Which one of the following is INCORRECT ?

.
co
Q. 60 I requested that he should be given the driving test today instead of tomorrow.
(A) requested that (B) should be given
(C) the driving test

a .(D) instead of tomorrow

Sol. 60 Option (B) is correct.

d i
o
.n
Q. 61 - Q. 65 carry two marks each.
One of the legacies of the Roman legions was discipline. In the legious, military

w
law prevailed and discipline was brutal. Discipline on the battlefield kept units

w
obedient, intact and fighting, even when the odds and conditions were against
them.
Q. 61
w
Which one of the following statements best sums up the meaning of the above

©
passage ?
(A) Through regimentation was the main reason for the efficiency of the Roman
legions even in adverse circumstances.
(B) The legions were treated inhumanly as if the men were animals
(C) Disciplines was the armies inheritance from their seniors
(D) The harsh discipline to which the legions were subjected to led to the odds
and conditions being against them.
Sol. 61 Option (A) is correct.
Q. 62 Raju has 14 currency notes in his pocket consisting of only Rs. 20 notes and Rs.
10 notes. The total money values of the notes is Rs. 230. The number of Rs. 10
notes that Raju has is
(A) 5 (B) 6
(C) 9 (D) 10
Sol. 62 Let no. of notes of Rs.20 be x and no. of notes of Rs. 10 be y .
Then from the given data.
x + y = 14
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2012

20x + 10y = 230

Solving the above two equations we get
x = 9, y = 5
So, the no. of notes of Rs. 10 is 5.
Option (A) is correct.
Q. 63 There are eight bags of rice looking alike, seven of which have equal weight and
one is slightly heavier. The weighing balance is of unlimited capacity. Using this
balance, the minimum number of weighings required to identify the heavier bag
is
(A) 2 (B) 3
(C) 4 (D) 8
Sol. 63 We will categorize the 8 bags in three groups as :

in
(i) A1 A2 A 3 , (ii) B1 B2 B 3 , (iii) C1 C2

.
Weighting will be done as bellow :

co
1st weighting " A1 A2 A 3 will be on one side of balance and B1 B2 B 3 on the other.
It may have three results as described in the following cases.
Case 1 : A1 A 2 A 3 = B1 B 2 B 3

a .
i
This results out that either C1 or C2 will heavier for which we will have to perform

d
weighting again.

o
2 nd weighting " C1 is kept on the one side and C2 on the other.

n
if C1 > C 2 then C1 is heavier.
C1 < C 2
. then C2 is heavier.
Case 2 :
w
A1 A 2 A 3 > B1 B 2 B 3

w
it means one of the A1 A2 A 3 will be heavier So we will perform next weighting as:

w
2 nd weighting " A1 is kept on one side of the balance and A2 on the other.
if A1 = A 2 it means A 3 will be heavier

© A1 > A 2
A1 < A 2
then A1 will be heavier
then A2 will be heavier
Case 3 : A1 A 2 A 3 < B1 B 2 B 3
This time one of the B1 B2 B 3 will be heavier, So again as the above case weighting
will be done.
2 nd weighting " B1 is kept one side and B2 on the other
if B1 = B 2 B 3 will be heavier
B1 > B 2 B1 will be heavier
B1 < B 2 B2 will be heavier
So, as described above, in all the three cases weighting is done only two times to
give out the result so minimum no. of weighting required = 2.
Option (A) is correct.
Q. 64 The data given in the following table summarizes the monthly budget of an
average household.

Category Amount (Rs.)

Food 4000
Clothing 1200
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2012

Rent 2000
Savings 1500
Other expenses 1800

The approximate percentages of the monthly budget NOT spent on savings is

(A) 10% (B) 14%
(C) 81% (D) 86%
Sol. 64 Total budget = 4000 + 1200 + 2000 + 1500 + 1800 = 10, 500
The amount spent on saving = 1500
So, the amount not spent on saving
= 10, 500 - 1500 = 9000
So, percentage of the amount
= 9000 # 100% = 86%
10500
Option (D) is correct.

in
Q. 65 A and B are friends. They decide to meet between 1 PM and 2 PM on a given

.
day. There is a conditions that whoever arrives first will not wait for the other

co
for more than 15 minutes. The probability that they will meet on that days is

.
(A) 1/4 (B) 1/16

a
(C) 7/16 (D) 9/16
Sol. 65

d i
The graphical representation of their arriving time so that they met is given as

o
below in the figure by shaded region.

.n
w
w
w
©

So, the area of shaded region is given by

Area of 4PQRS - (Area of TEFQ + Area of
TGSH )
= 60 # 60 - 2 b 1 # 45 # 45 l
2
= 1575
So, the required probability = 1575 = 7
3600 16
Option (C) is correct.
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2012

Answer Sheet
1. (C) 13. (A) 25. (A) 37. (A) 49. (B) 61. (A)
2. (A) 14. (A) 26. (D) 38. (*) 50. (B) 62. (A)
3. (C) 15. (D) 27. (B) 39. (B) 51. (B) 63. (A)
4. (C) 16. (B) 28. (C) 40. (D) 52. (.....) 64. (D)
5. (A) 17. (A) 29. (D) 41. (B) 53. (B) 65. (C)
6. (A) 18. (C) 30. (A) 42. (A) 54. (A)
7. (C) 19. (A) 31. (C) 43. (D) 55. (A)
8. (D) 20. (C) 32. (D) 44. (D) 56. (D)

in
9. (D) 21. (A) 33. (A) 45. (A) 57. (C)
10. (B) 22. (C) 34. (D) 46.
.
(B) 58. (D)

co
11. (D) 23. (C) 35. (A) 47. (B) 59. (B)

.
12. (D) 24. (B) 36. (C) 48. (C) 60. (B)

i a
od
***********

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