ALTERNSTING CURRENT ASSIGNMENT

Example: 1 If the frequency of an alternating current is 50 Hz then the time taken for the change from zero
to positive peak value and positive peak value to negative peak value of current are respectively
(a) 1/200 sec, 1/ 100 sec (b) 1/ 100 sec, 1/200 sec
(c) 200 sec, 100 sec (d) None of these
T 1 1 1
Solution: (a) Time take to reach from zero to peak value t = = = = sec
4 4 4  50 200
T 1 1 1
Time take for the change from positive peak to negative peak t ' = = = = sec .
2 2 2  50 100
1
Example: 2 At what time (From zero) the alternating voltage becomes times of it's peak value. Where T is
2
the periodic time
T T T T
(a) sec (b) sec sec (c) (d) sec
2 4 8 12
V 2 t 1  2    2 
Solution: (c) By using V = V0 sin  t  0 = V0 sin  = sin   t  sin = sin  t
2 T 2  T  4  T 
 2 T
 = t  t = sec.
4 T 8
Example: 3 The instantaneous value of current in an ac circuit is i = 2sin(100 t +  / 3) A. The current at the
beginning (t = 0) will be
3
(a) 2 3A (b) 3A (c) A (d) Zero
2
  3
Solution: (b) At t = 0, i = 2sin  0 +  = 2 = 3A .
 3 2
Example: 4 In a circuit an alternating current and a direct current are supplied together. The expression of
the instantaneous current is given as i = 3 + 6sin t . Then the r.m.s. value of the current is

(a) 3A (b) 6A (c) 3 2 A (d) 3 3 A

Solution: (d) The given current is a mixture of a dc component of 3A and an alternating current of maximum
value 6A
Hence r.m.s. value
2
 6 
= (dc) + (r.m.s.value of ac) = (3) +   = (3) + (3 2) = 3 3A .
2 2 2
2 2

 2 

Example: 5 The instantaneous values of current and potential difference in an alternating circuit are
i = sin  t and E = 100cos  t respectively. r.m.s. value of wattless current (in amp) in the circuit
is

(a) 1 (b) 1 / 2 (c) 100 (d) Zero

i0
Solution: (b) r.m.s. value of wattless current = sin 
2

 1
In this question i0 = 1 A and  = . So r.m.s. value of wattless current = A
2 2

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 ALTERNSTING CURRENT ASSIGNMENT
Example: 6 r.m.s. value of alternating current in a circuit is 4 A and power factor is 0.5. If the power
dissipated in the circuit is 100W, then the peak value of voltage in the circuit is
(a) 50 volt (b) 70 volt (c) 35 volt (d) 100 volt
Solution: (b) P = Vrms irms cos   100 = Vrms  4  0.5  Vrms = 50V so V0 = 2  50 = 70 volt
Example: 7 The impedance of an ac circuit is 200  and the phase angle between current and e.m.f is 60o .
What is the resistance of the circuit
(a) 50  (b) 100  (c) 100 3 (d) 300 
R R 1 R
Solution: (b) By using cos  =  cos 60o =  =  R = 100 .
Z 200 2 200
Example: 8 In a resistive circuit R = 10  and applied alternating voltage V = 100 sin 100  t. Find the
following
(i) Peak current (ii) r.m.s. current (iii)Average current
(iv) Frequency (v) Time period (vi) Power factor
(vii) Power dissipated in the circuit (viii) Time difference
V0 100
Solution: (i) Peak current i0 = = = 10 A
R 10
i 10
(ii) r.m.s. current irms = 0 = = 5 2A
2 2
2 2
(iii) Average current iav = .i0 =  10 = 6.37 A
 
 100
(iv) Frequency  = = = 50 Hz
2 2
1 1
(v) Time period T = = = 0.02 sec
 50
(vi) Phase difference in resistive circuit  = 0 so p.f. = cos = 1
1 1
(vii) Power dissipated in the circuit P = V0i0 cos  =  100  10  1 = 500W
2 2
T T
(viii) Time difference T.D. =  = 0 = 0
2 2
Example: 9 An alternating voltage E = 200 2 sin(100 t ) is connected to a 1 microfaracd capacitor through
an ac ammeter. The reading of the ammeter shall be
(a) 10 mA (b) 20 mA (c) 40 mA (d) 80 mA
Vrms
Solution: (b) Ammeter reads r.m.s. value so irms = = Vrms    C
XC
 200 2 
 irms =  −6 −2
  100  (1 10 ) = 2  10 = 20 mA.
 2 
Example: 10 An 120 volt ac source is connected across a pure inductor of inductance 0.70 henry. If the
frequency of the source is 60 Hz, the current passing through the inductor is
(a) 4.55 amps (b) 0.355 amps
(c) 0.455 amps (d) 3.55 amps
Vrms V 120
Solution: (c) irms = = rms = = 0.455 A .
X L 2 L 2  60  0.7
Example: 11 Let frequency  = 50 Hz, and capacitance C = 100F in an ac circuit containing a capacitor only.
If the peak value of the current in the circuit is 1.57 A. The expression for the instantaneous voltage
across the capacitor will be
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 ALTERNSTING CURRENT ASSIGNMENT

(a) E = 50 sin (100 t – ) (b) E = 100 sin (50 t)
2

(c) E = 50 sin (100 t) (d) E = 50 sin (100 t + )
2
i0 1.57
Solution: (a) Peak value of voltage V0 = i0 X C =  = 50V
2 C 2  3.14  50  100  10−6
 
Hence if equation of current i = i0 sin  t then in capacitive circuit voltage is V = V0 sin   t − 
 2
 
 V = 50  sin 2  50t −  = 50sin 100 t − 
 2  2
Example: 12 In an LR-circuit, the inductive reactance is equal to the resistance R of the circuit. An e.m.f.
E = E0 cos( t ) is applied to the circuit. The power consumed in the circuit is
E02 E02 E02 E02
(a) (b) (c) (d)
R 2R 4R 8R
 Erms  R
2
Erms R
Solution: (c) Power consumed P = Erms irms cos  = Erms    P = ; where Z = R 2 + X L2
 Z Z
2
Z
E0 E02
Given X L = R  Z = 2 R also Erms =  P= .
2 4R
Example: 13 A coil of resistance 300 ohm and self inductance 1.5 henry is connected to an ac source of
100
frequency Hz. The phase difference between voltage and current is

(a) 0 o (b) 30o (c) 45o (d) 60o
100
2   1.5
X 2 L 
Solution: (c) By using tan  = L =  tan  = = 1   = 45o.
R R 300
Example: 14 A bulb of 60 volt and 10 watt is connected with 100 volt of ac source with an inductance coil
in series. If bulb illuminates with it's full intensity then value of inductance of coil is (= 60
Hz)
(a) 1.28 H (b) 2.15 H (c) 3.27 H (d) 3.89 H
60  60
Solution: (a) Resistance of the bulb R = = 360  .
10
60V, 10W L

100V, 60Hz

For maximum illumination, voltage across the bulb VBulb = VR = 60V

By using V = VR2 + VL2  (100)2 = (60)2 + VL2  VL = 80V
10 1
Current through the inductance (L) = Current through the bulb = = A
60 6
VL 80
Also VL = iX L = i (2 L)  L = = = 1.28 H .
(2  )i 2  3.14  60  1
6
Example: 15 When 100 volt dc is applied across a solenoid, a current of 1.0 amp flows in it. When 100 volt
ac is applied across the same coil, the current drops to 0.5 amp. If the frequency of ac source
is 50 Hz the impedance and inductance of the solenoid are
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 ALTERNSTING CURRENT ASSIGNMENT
(a) 200 ohms and 0.5 henry (b)100 ohms and 0.86 henry
(c) 200 ohms and 1.0 henry (d) 100 ohms and 0.93 henry
V 100 V 100
Solution: (a) When dc is applied i =  1=  R = 100. When ac is applied i =  0.5 = 
R R Z Z
Z = 200.
Hence Z = R 2 + X L2 = R 2 + 4 2 2 L2  (200) 2 = (100) 2 + 4 2 (50) 2 L2  L = 0.55H.
Example: 16 A resistance of 40 ohm and an inductance of 95.5 millihenry are connected in series in a 50
cycles/second ac circuit. The impedance of this combination is very nearly
(a) 30 ohm (b) 40ohm (c) 50 ohm (d) 60 ohm
Solution: (c) X L = 2 L = 2  3.14  50  95.5  10−3 = 29.98   30

Impedance Z = R 2 + X L2 = (40)2 + (30)2 = 50 

2.5
Example: 17  F capacitor and 3000-ohm resistance are joined in series to an ac source of 200 volt and

50sec −1 frequency. The power factor of the circuit and the power dissipated in it will
respectively
(a) 0.6, 0.06 W (b) 0.06, 0.6 W
(c) 0.6, 4.8 W (d) 4.8, 0.6 W
2
 1  1
Solution: (c) Z = R + 2
 = (1000) +
2

 2 C 
2
 2.5 −6 
 2  50   10 
  
 Z = (3000)2 + (4000)2 = 8  103 
R 3000 2
Vrms cos 
So power factor cos  = = = 0.6 and power P = V i cos  =
Z 5  10 3 rms rms
Z
(200) 2  0.6
 P= = 4.8W
5  103
Example: 18 In a series circuit R = 300, L = 0.9 H , C = 2.0 F and  = 1000rad / sec. The impedance of
the circuit is

(a) 1300  (b) 900  (c) 500  (d) 400 

2
 1 
2
 1 
Solution: (c) Z = R2 +   L −  = (300) + 1000  0.9 −
2
−6 
 C   1000  2  10 

 Z = (300)2 + (400)2 = 500  .

Example: 19 In the circuit shown below, what will be the readings of the voltmeter and ammeter
(a) 800 V, 2A 100 

(b) 300 V, 2A
V
(c) 220 V, 2.2 A A
300 V 300 V
(d) 100 V, 2A 220 V, 50 Hz

Solution: (c) VL = VC; This is the condition of resonance and in resonance V = VR = 220 V.
Vrms 220
In the condition of resonance current through the circuit i = = = 2.2 A.
R 100

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 ALTERNSTING CURRENT ASSIGNMENT
Example: 20 In a series resonant LCR circuit, if L is increased by 25% and C is decreased by 20%, then the
resonant frequency will
(a) Increase by 10% (b) Decrease by 10%
(c) Remain unchanged (d) Increase by 2.5 %
1 L 5L
Solution: (c) 0 =  In this question L ' = L + 25% of L = L + = and C ' = C − 20% of C
2 LC 4 4
C 4C
=C− =
5 5
1 1 1
Hence  0' = = = = 0
2 L ' C ' 5 L 4C 2 LC
2 
4 5
Example: 21 The self inductance of a choke coil is 10 mH. When it is connected with a 10V dc source,
then the loss of power is 20 watt. When it is connected with 10 volt ac source loss of power is 10 watt.
The frequency of ac source will be
(a) 50 Hz (b) 60 Hz (c) 80 Hz (d) 100 Hz
V2 (10) 2 V2 R (10)2  5
Solution: (c) With dc : P =  R= = 5  ; With ac : P = rms2  Z 2 = = 50 2
R 20 Z 10
Also Z 2 = R 2 + 4 2 2 L2  50 = (5) 2 + 4(3.14)2 2 (10  10−3 )2   = 80 Hz.
Example: 22 In the following circuit diagram inductive reactance of inductor is 24 and capacitive
reactance of capacitor is 48, then reading of ammeter will be
(a) 5A
ac
(b) 2.4 A ammeter
L
(c) 2.0 A 240 V C

(d) 10 A

240
Solution: (a) iL = = 10 A i
24 iL iC
240 XC = 48
iC = = 5A 240 V
XL =24
48
Hence i = iL − iC = 5 A
Example: 23An ideal choke coil takes a current of 8 ampere when connected to an AC supply of 100 volt
and 50 Hz. A pure resistor under the same conditions takes a current of 10 ampere. If the two
are connected to an AC supply of 150 volts and 40 Hz. then the current in a series combination
of the above resistor and inductor is
Solution:
E0 100 25
For pure inductor, XL = = = 
Iv 8 2
25 25 25 1 V 100
L = ;L = = = H R= = = 10
2 2 2  2  50 8 I 10
For the combination, the supply is 150 v, 40 Hz
1
 X L =  L = 2  40  = 10 Z = X L + R = 10 + 10 = 10 2ohm
2 2 2 2

8
Ev 150 15
Iv = = A= A
Z 10 2 2

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 ALTERNSTING CURRENT ASSIGNMENT
Example: 24An electric bulb has a rated power of 50 W at 100 V. If it is used on an AC source of 200 V,
50 Hz, a choke has to be used in series with it. This choke should have an inductance of
Soution:
P 50 V 100
Here, P = 50W ,V = 100volt I= = = 0.5 A, R = = = 200
V 100 I 0.5
Ev E 200
Let L be the inductance of the choke coil  Iv = = or Z = v = = 400 
Z Iv 0.5

Now X L = Z 2 − R 2 = 4002 − 2002  L = 100  2 3

200 3 200 3 200 3 2 1.732

L= = = = = 1.1H
 2 v 100 3.14
Example: 25
A transformer having efficiency 90% is working on 100 V and at 2.0 kW power. If the current in
the secondary coil is 5A, calculate (i) the current in the primary coil and (ii) voltage across the
secondary coil.
9 2000 2000
Sol. Here h = 90% = , I s = 5 A , E p = 100V , (i) E p I p = 2kW = 2000W I p = or I p = = 20 A
10 Ep 100

Output power EI
h= = s s or Es I s = h´ E p I p
Input power Ep I p

9 1800 1800
= ´ 2000 = 1800W \ Es = = = 360 volt
10 Is 5

Example: 26 A step up transformer operates on a 230 V line and a load current of 2 ampere. The ratio of
the primary and secondary windings is 1 : 25. What is the current in the primary ?
Sol. Using the relation
NP I N I
= S ; IP = S S Here N p / N s = 1 / 25 (or) N s / N p = 25 / 1 = 25
NS IP NP

and IS = 2A Current in primary, I P = 25´ 2 = 50 A

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