Architectural Design (1) : What Is Architecture? What Is Architecture?

9/30/2019
ARCHITECTURAL Faculty of Fine Arts

DESIGN 1 Mansoura University
Department Of Architecture Department Of Architecture
ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN [1]

Course code: ARC 111
Lecture 1:
INTRODUCTION TO ARCHITECTURE
(1st Level/1st Semester) (1st Level/1st Semester)

2 Dr. Alaa’Elmanzlawi Dr.
Dr. Alaa’Elmanzlawi
1
Alaa’Elmanzlawi
Year 2019- 2020 Year 2019- 2020
ARCHITECTURAL ARCHITECTURAL
DESIGN 1 DESIGN 1
WHAT IS ARCHITECTURE? WHAT IS ARCHITECTURE?

2. A STYLE and METHOD of Design and Construction. 1. The ART and SCIENCE of Designing and Erecting buildings.
Taos Pueblo - Taos New Mexico - 1992 WALT DISNEY CONCERT HALL, LOS ANGELES, FRANK GEHRY, 2003
4 Dr. Alaa’Elmanzlawi 3 Dr. Alaa’Elmanzlawi
Year 2019- 2020 Year 2019- 2020
DESIGN 1 DESIGN 1

4. Orderly arrangement of parts, structure 3. Buildings and other large structures
RADIO TELESCOPE ARRAY, NEW MEXICO MILLAU VIADUCT, FRANCE, NORMAN FOSTER, 2005
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Marcus Vitruvius ‫ماركوس فيرتوفيوس‬
(the Roman architect VITRUVIUS in the  ART and SCIENCE
1st century BC in the first of his famous
collection …  REGIONAL IDENTITY
“Ten Books on Architecture”)
said that architecture was a building  REFLECTION OF PLACE AND TIME
that incorporated:
Utilitas ... Firmitas … Venustas
‫ اجلمـــــال‬... ‫ الثبــــــات‬... ‫الفائـــدة‬
Dr. Alaa’Elmanzlawi 7 Dr. Alaa’Elmanzlawi
Year 2019- 2020 Year 2019- 2020
DESIGN 1 DESIGN 1

1. Is the building functional? (Could it be 1. Is the building functional? (Could it be
used effectively and easily?) used effectively and easily?)
2. Is the building firm? (Is its structure firm
enough to carry all the weights it should carry,
such as its own weight, its users’ weights, and
the forces of the wind and the earthquake?
And, Are its materials durable enough to
withstand many years of use?)
Dr. Alaa’Elmanzlawi (1st Level/1st Semester) Dr. Alaa’Elmanzlawi (1st Level/1st Semester)
10 9
Year 2019- 2020 Year 2019- 2020
DESIGN 1 DESIGN 1

Materials
Structure
Electrical 1. Is the building functional? (Could it be
Mechanical used effectively and easily?)
Civil
2. Is the building firm? (Is its structure firm
Science & Engineering
enough to carry all the weights it should carry,
such as its own weight, its users’ weights, and
the forces of the wind and the earthquake?
Arts Architecture Humanities And, Are its materials durable enough to
Painting Sociology withstand many years of use?)
Sculpture Psychology 3. Is the building beautiful? (Does the
Aesthetics Anthropology
building give visual delight to the user and the
viewer; is it aesthetic and pleasing?)
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DESIGN 1 DESIGN 1

Any Building ≠ Architecture
SHELTER?
Natural form, Man-made form Architecture = Design BEFORE Building
Architecture is DESIGNED
Buildings, Spaces and Environments.
According to Human Needs

Using Technology and Science,
The Great Cave of Niah, Malaysia With Aesthetic Qualities.
(human remains dating to 40,000 years)
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DESIGN 1 DESIGN 1

MORE THAN SHELTER !
Natural form, Man-made form MORE THAN SHELTER
)‫طائر معني يف أمريكا اجلنوبية يبني عش (هيكلي الشكل‬
16 Dr. Alaa’Elmanzlawi (Rufous-breasted(1stSpinetail)

Level/1st Semester)
15 Dr. Alaa’Elmanzlawi (1st Level/1st Semester)
Year 2019- 2020 Year 2019- 2020
DESIGN 1 DESIGN 1

MORE THAN SHELTER ! MORE THAN SHELTER !
Natural form, Man-made form Natural form, Man-made form
)‫طائر معني يف أمريكا اجلنوبية يبين عش (هيكلي الشكل‬
‫النمل األبيض األعمى بناء هياكل من الطني على األرض‬ The Chinese National Stadium in Beijing
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DESIGN 1 DESIGN 1
The Architect ! WHAT IS ARCHITECTURE?

The architect acts a designer, who can work in a MORE THAN SHELTER !
wide range of scales, from a scale as large as the Natural form, Man-made form
planning of a city, up to a scale as small as the
design of a chair.
‫النمل األبيض األعمى بناء هياكل من الطني على األرض‬
The Eastgate Centre in Harare, Zimbabwe

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DESIGN 1 DESIGN 1
22 21
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DESIGN 1 DESIGN 1
EVALUATING ARCHITECTURE ! EVALUATING ARCHITECTURE !

1. FORM _ square/rectangle, large/small, solid/open 1. FORM _ square/rectangle, large/small, solid/open
2. FUNCTION _ building type mausoleum, temple or palace 2. FUNCTION _ building type mausoleum, temple or palace
3. MATERIAL – stone, metal, glass, crude or finished 3. MATERIAL – stone, metal, glass, crude or finished
MATERIAL DETERMINED BY RESOURCES
 Shape Is Often Associated With Technology And Workforce
Pyramids of Giza Pyramids of Giza

Old Kingdom 4th Dynasty Old Kingdom 4th Dynasty
2545-2450 B.C. 2545-2450 B.C.
Giza, Egypt Giza, Egypt
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4. PLACE / TIME 4. PLACE / TIME
a)Where ? a)Where ?
 TYPE OF SETTLEMENT: Urban, Suburban, Rural.
 CLIMATE: Arctic/Equator, Desert/Jungle.
 SITE SPECIFICS : View, Roads, Neighboring.
The Acropolis 450-430 B.C. Athens, Greece The Acropolis 450-430 B.C. Athens, Greece
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DESIGN 1 DESIGN 1

4. PLACE / TIME 4. PLACE / TIME
a)Where ? a)Where ?
b)When ? b)When ?
 CHRONOLOGICAL PERIOD
 STYLISTIC ASSOCIATIONS
 CULTURAL ASSOCIATIONS
The Acropolis 450-430 B.C. Athens, Greece The Acropolis 450-430 B.C. Athens, Greece
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DESIGN 1 DESIGN 1
EVALUATING ARCHITECTURE !
5. MEANING
As famous Thinker John Ruskin
said:
 WHY – choices, what is given priority, what is compromised
Architecture is like the history
and literature of one nation in  WHY – building type shows what is valued by each culture
built form.
 WHO – location of power and authority
We can understand a culture’s history and literature
from their architecture  WHO – is an architect defined by nature of problem
The Acropolis 450-430 B.C. Athens, Greece

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DESIGN 1 DESIGN 1

FORM FUNCTION MATERIAL PLACE / TIME MEANING FORM FUNCTION MATERIAL PLACE / TIME MEANING
Empire State building, New York Big Donut shop in Los Angeles ‫البارثينون يف اليونان القدمية تكرميا لآلهلة اليونانية‬ ‫تاج حمل يف اهلند كضريح لتكريم اإلمرباطور شاه جيهان لزوجته‬
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FORM FUNCTION MATERIAL PLACE / TIME MEANING FORM FUNCTION MATERIAL PLACE / TIME MEANING
The Feeling of awe Architecture, like it or not, affects us and shapes our
behaviors all time, as we live in and around it.
The dome of Suleymaniye Mosque in The hypostyle hall of Karnak temple in

İstanbul Egypt Empire State building, New York Big Donut shop in Los Angeles
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DESIGN 1 DESIGN 1
THE DESIGN PROCESS EVALUATING ARCHITECTURE !

FORM FUNCTION MATERIAL PLACE / TIME MEANING
Eiffel Tower in Paris The Leaning Tower of Pisa
Architectural works could

act as ICONS of cities

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DESIGN 1 DESIGN 1
ARCHITECTURE AS IDEA ! ARCHITECTURE AS IDEA !

ARCHITECTURAL PRODUCTION is a
process that includes the stages of
THINKING, DESIGNING and DRAFTING
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DESIGN 1 DESIGN 1

Architectural Production and Creativity Architectural Production and Creativity
An example to inspiration to Past Forms An example to inspiration to Past Forms
The Great Pyramid of Giza, Egypt The Louvre Museum Paris, France Pantheon, Rome, Italy (126 AD) Jefferson Memorial, USA (1943)
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DESIGN 1 DESIGN 1

Architectural Production and Creativity Architectural Production and Creativity
Formed by getting inspired from Past Architectural Architects An example to an Analogy to Nature
Villa Savoye Poissy by Le Corbusier, 1929 Farnsworth House by Mies van der Rohe, 1951
A picture of an armadillo The SECC Conference Center in Scotland
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DESIGN 1 DESIGN 1
Basic Manners ! Basic Manners !

Don’t eat in Lecture and 4 other things you shouldn’t do
4) Make it apparent that you’re doing everything but
when your professor is talking
listening and working
1) Sleep 2) Interrupt 3) Talk

Year 2019- 2020 Year 2019- 2020

Architectural Design (1) : What Is Architecture? What Is Architecture?

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9/30/2019

ARCHITECTURAL Faculty of Fine Arts

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN [1]

(1st Level/1st Semester) (1st Level/1st Semester)

WHAT IS ARCHITECTURE? WHAT IS ARCHITECTURE?

WHAT IS ARCHITECTURE? WHAT IS ARCHITECTURE?

WHAT IS ARCHITECTURE? WHAT IS ARCHITECTURE?

WHAT IS ARCHITECTURE? WHAT IS ARCHITECTURE?

WHAT IS ARCHITECTURE? WHAT IS ARCHITECTURE?

WHAT IS ARCHITECTURE? WHAT IS ARCHITECTURE?

According to Human Needs

WHAT IS ARCHITECTURE? WHAT IS ARCHITECTURE?

)‫طائر معني يف أمريكا اجلنوبية يبني عش (هيكلي الشكل‬

16 Dr. Alaa’Elmanzlawi (Rufous-breasted(1stSpinetail)

WHAT IS ARCHITECTURE? WHAT IS ARCHITECTURE?

)‫طائر معني يف أمريكا اجلنوبية يبين عش (هيكلي الشكل‬

The Architect ! WHAT IS ARCHITECTURE?

‫النمل األبيض األعمى بناء هياكل من الطني على األرض‬

The Eastgate Centre in Harare, Zimbabwe

EVALUATING ARCHITECTURE ! EVALUATING ARCHITECTURE !

Pyramids of Giza Pyramids of Giza

EVALUATING ARCHITECTURE ! EVALUATING ARCHITECTURE !

EVALUATING ARCHITECTURE ! EVALUATING ARCHITECTURE !

The Acropolis 450-430 B.C. Athens, Greece

EVALUATING ARCHITECTURE ! EVALUATING ARCHITECTURE !

EVALUATING ARCHITECTURE ! EVALUATING ARCHITECTURE !

The dome of Suleymaniye Mosque in The hypostyle hall of Karnak temple in

THE DESIGN PROCESS EVALUATING ARCHITECTURE !

Architectural works could

(1st Level/1st Semester) (1st Level/1st Semester)

ARCHITECTURE AS IDEA ! ARCHITECTURE AS IDEA !

ARCHITECTURE AS IDEA ! ARCHITECTURE AS IDEA !

ARCHITECTURE AS IDEA ! ARCHITECTURE AS IDEA !

Basic Manners ! Basic Manners !

(1st Level/1st Semester) (1st Level/1st Semester)

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