.

Columns
.') General
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.'*=^lb`gh_Zghg&le^g]^k^]`^\henfgnlbg`aZg]\Ze\neZmbhg'
.'+=^lb`gh_Zi^kbf^m^k\henfgnlbg`bm^kZmbhgh_^jnZmbhglmh]^m^kfbg^k^bg_hk\^f^gm
k^jnbk^f^gml'
.',=^lb`gh_Zgbgm^kgZe\henfgpbmaab`aZqbZeehZ]'
.'-=^lb`gh_Zle^g]^k\henfgk^jnbkbg`Zmph&ahnkËk^k^lblmZg\^'

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le^g]^kg^llbghk]^kmh]^m^kfbg^]^lb`gfhf^gml%F>]'Ma^\henfglZk^]^lb`g^]Zg]\a^\d^]
_hk[bZqbZe[^g]bg`'Ma^^__^\mlh_Zeehpbg`_hkbfi^k_^\mbhglZk^beenlmkZm^]'

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\hf[bg^]'
N =^m^kfbg^]^lb`geb_^' EC0 & NA Table NA 2.1
N :ll^llZ\mbhglhgma^\henfg' EC1 (10 parts) & UK NAs
N =^m^kfbg^pab\a\hf[bgZmbhglh_Z\mbhglZiier' EC0 & NA Tables NA A1.1
& NA A1.2(B)
N :ll^ll]nkZ[bebmrk^jnbk^f^gmlZg]]^m^kfbg^\hg\k^m^ BS 8500–1
lmk^g`ma'
N <a^\d\ho^kk^jnbk^f^gml_hkZiikhikbZm^_bk^ Approved Document B,
k^lblmZg\^i^kbh]' EC2–1–2
N =^m^kfbg^\ho^k_hk_bk^%]nkZ[bebmrZg][hg]' Cl. 4.4.1
N :gZerl^lmkn\mnk^_hk\kbmb\Ze\hf[bgZmbhgfhf^gml Section 5
Zg]ZqbZe_hk\^l'
N <a^\dle^g]^kg^llZg]]^m^kfbg^]^lb`gfhf^gml' Section 5.8
N =^m^kfbg^Zk^Zh_k^bg_hk\^f^gmk^jnbk^]' Section 6.1
N <a^\dliZ\bg`h_[ZklZg]ebgdl' Sections 8 & 9

134
 <henfgl

.'* Edge column

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mh]^lb`g\aZkml'

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Edge column <a^\d^][r web La^^mgh' 1
<eb^gm TCC =Zm^ Oct 09

A 300 mm square column on the edge of a flat slab structure

supports an axial load of 1620 kN and first order moments of
38.5 kNm top and −38.5 kNm bottom in one direction only‡. The
concrete is grade C30/37, fck = 30 MPa and cover, cnom, = 25 mm.
The 250 mm thick flat slabs are at 4000 mm vertical centres.

38.5 kNm

NEd = 1620 kN

– 38.5 kNm

Figure 5.1 Forces in edge column

5.1.1 Check slenderness, l

Effective length§, l0 = factor × l Cl. 5.8.3.2
where
factor = from Table C16, condition 2 each end Table C16,
= 0.85 PD 6687: 2.10
l = clear height = 3750 mm
= l0 = 0.85 × 3750 = 3187 mm
Slenderness l = l0/i Exp. (5.14)

‡For examples of load take-downs and 1st order moment analysis see Section
5.3.2
§ Effective lengths are covered in Eurocode 2 Cl. 5.8.3.2 and Exp. (5.15). The Fig. 5.7
effective length of most columns will be l /2< l0 < l (see Eurocode 2 Figure 5.7f). PD 6687[6]:
PD 6687[6] Cl. 2.10 suggests that using the procedure outlined in Eurocode 2
Cl. 2.10
(5.8.3.2(3) and 5.8.3.2(5)) leads to similar effective lengths to those tabulated
in BS 8110[7] and reproduced in Table 5.1 of Concise Eurocode 2[5] and in this Cl. 5.8.3.2(3)
publication as Table C16. For simplicity, tabular values are used in this example. 5.8.3.2(5)
However, experience suggests that these tabulated values are conservative. Table C16

135
 where
i = radius of gyration
= h/120.5 for rectangular sections
l = 3187 × 3.46/300 = 36.8

5.1.2 Limiting slenderness, llim

llim = 20 ABC/n0.5 Exp. (5.13N)
where
A = 0.7 (default) Cl. 5.8.3.1(1)
B = 1.1 (default)
C = 1.7 − rm = 1.7 − M01/M02
= 1.7 − 38.5/(−38.5) = 2.7
n = NEd/Acfcd = 1620 × 103/(3002 × 0.85 × 30/1.5)
= 1.06
llim = 20 ABC/n0.5
= 20 × 0.7 × 1.1 × 2.7/1.060.5
In this example llim = 40.4 i.e. > 36.8 = Column not slender

5.1.3 Design moments

MEd = max[M02; M0Ed + M2; M01 + 0.5M2] Cl. 5.8.8.2(1)
where
M02 = M + eiNEd ≥ e0NEd Cl. 5.8.8.2, 6.1.4
where
M = 38.5 kNm
ei = l0/400 Cl. 5.2.7, 5.2.9
e0 = max[h/30; 20] = max[300/30; 20] = 20 mm Cl. 6.1.4
M02 = 38.5 + 1620 × 3.187/400 ≥ 0.02 × 1620
= 38.5 + 12.9 ≥ 32.4 kNm
= 51.4 kNm
M0Ed = 0.6M02 + 0.4M01 ≥ 0.4M02
= 0.6 × 51.4 + 0.4 × (−38.5 + 12.9) ≥ 0.4 × 51.4
= 20.6 ≥ 20.6
= 20.6
M2 = 0 (column is not slender)
M01 = M02
= max[M02 ; M0Ed + M2 ; M01 + 0.5M2] = 51.4 kNm = MEd = 51.4 kNm

5.1.4 Design using charts (see Appendix C)

d2 = cnom + link + f/2 = 25 + 8 + 16 = 49
d2/h = 49/300 = 0.163
= interpolating between d2/h = 0.15 and 0.20 Figs. C5c), C5d)
for
NEd/bhfck = 1620 × 103/(3002 × 30) = 0.60

136
 .'*3>]`^\henfg

MEd/bh2fck = 51.4 × 106/(3003 × 30) = 0.063

Asfyk/bhfck = 0.24
As = 0.24 × 3002 × 30/500 = 1296 mm2
Try 4 no. H25 (1964 mm2)

5.1.5 Check for biaxial bending

ly /lz ≈ 1.0 Cl. 5.8.9
i.e. ly /lz ≤ 2.0 = OK but check Exp. (5.38b) Exp. (5.38a)
As a worst case MEdy may coexist with e0NEd about the orthogonal axis: Cl. 6.1(4)
ey/heq (MEdz/NEd)/h MEdz
= =
ez/beq (MEdy/NEd)/b MEdy Exp. (5.38b)
Imperfections need to be taken into account in one direction only. Cl. 5.8.9(2)
= As a worst case for biaxial bending
MEdz = M + 0 = 38.5 kNm
MEdy = e0NEd = 32.4 kNm
MEdz 38.5
= = 1.19 i.e. > 0.2 and < 5.0 Exp. (5.38b)
MEdy 32.4
= Biaxial check required Cl. 5.8.9(4)
Check whether
(MEdz/MRdz)a + (MEdy/MRdy)a ≤ 1.0 Exp. (5.39)
where
MEdz = 38.5 kNm
MEdy = 32.4 kNm
MRdz = MRdy Figs. C5c), C5d)
To determine MRdz, find MEd/bh2fck (and therefore
moment capacity) by interpolating between d2/h = 0.15
(Figure C5c) and 0.20 (Figure C5d) for the proposed
arrangement and co-existent axial load.

Assuming 4 no. H25,

Asfyk/bhfck = 1964 × 500/(3002× 30) = 0.36

Interpolating for NEd/bhfck = 0.6,

MEd/bh2fck = 0.094
= MRdz = MRdy = 0.094 × 3003 × 30 = 76.1 kNm
a is dependent on NEd/NRd Cl. 5.8.9(4),
where Notes to Exp.
NEd = 1620 kN as before (5.39)

137