BUSINESS RESEARCH METHOD

RESEARCH DESIGN
By Devia Tiwi P
What is Research Design?

• Research design constitutes blueprint for the collection, measurement, and analysis of
the data
• Research design is different from the method by which data are collected. How the data
are collected is irrelevant to the logic of the design
 EXPLORATORY STUDIES
• Particularly useful when researchers lack a clear idea of the problems
• The area of investigation may be so new that a researcher needs to do
an exploration just to learn something about the dilemma

Data Collection Using Exploratory (Qualitative) Techniques:

1. Secondary Data Analysis
obtained from organizations own data archives or published documents
outside organizations.
2. Experience Surveys
seeking information from persons experienced in the area of the study.
3. Focus Groups
group of people (typically 6 to 10 participants), led by moderator, who meet
for 90 minutes to 2 hours.
4. Two-Stage Designs
(1) clearly defining research questions, (2) developing research design
 DESCRIPTIVE STUDIES

Typically structured with clearly stated hypotheses or

investigative questions. Serve a variety of research objectives:

• Descriptions of phenomena or characteristics associated

with a subject population (the who, what, when, where,
and how of a topic)
• Estimates of the proportion of a population that have
these characteristics
• Discovery of associations among different variables
 CAUSAL STUDIES

The essential element of causation is:

A “produces” B or
A “forces” B to occur

Causal study relationships:

-Symmetrical >> two variables fluctuate together, but we assume that

changes in neither variable are due to changes in the other.

- Reciprocal >> two variables mutually influence each other.

-Asymmetrical >> changes in one variable (IV) are responsible for

changes in another variable (DV).

 KLASIFIKASI
Desain Riset

Desain Riset Desain Riset

Eksploratori Konklusif

Riset Deskriptif Riset Kausal

Desain Cross- Desain Longitudinal

Sectional

Desain Single Desain Multiple

Cross-Sectional Cross-Sectional
1. Research design strategy encompasses all of the components below except
.
A. Data collection design
B. Sampling design
C. Instrument development
D. Data analysis
E. All of the above are part of the design strategy

2. All of the following are possible goals of an exploratory study except .

A. Discover future research tasks
B. Expand understanding of a topic
C. Test hypotheses
D. Provide insight
E. Develop hypotheses

3. A descriptive study is one that .

A.Attempts to capture a population's characteristics by making inferences from a sample's
characteristics and testing resulting hypotheses
B. Emphasizes a full contextual analysis of a few events or conditions and their interrelations
C. Discovers answers to the questions who, what, when, where, or how much
D. Attempts to reveal why or how one variable produces changes in another
E. Provides repeated measures over an extended period of time
• 4. InZone Research will survey fans attending one of the Final Four games to assess
preferences for pricing and products offered at concession stands. What type of study is
this an example of?
A. Formal
B. Cross-sectional
C. Longitudinal
D. Monitoring
E. Ex post facto

5. When political researchers assess opinions towards President Bush's plan for social
security reform, a(n) study is used. However, when political researchers want to
assess the change in opinion towards the war in Iraq from the initial deployment of
troops to the elections in Iraq, a(n) study should be used.
A. Monitoring, communication
B. Experimental, ex post facto
C. Cross-sectional, longitudinal
D. Exploratory, formal
E. Laboratory, field