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GATE SOLVED PAPER - EE

2009
Q.1 - Q.20 carry one mark each.

Q. 1 The pressure coil of a dynamometer type wattmeter is
(A) Highly inductive
(C) Purely resistive
et (B) Highly resistive
(D) Purely inductive
Sol. 1
.n
Reading of wattmeter (Power) in the circuit
# T 0
ng
Pav = 1 VIdt = Common are between V - I
T
ri
ee
in
ng
ye
So Pav = 0
as
total common area = 0 (Positive and negative area are equal)
.E
Hence (A) is correct option.
Q. 2 The measurement system shown in the figure uses three sub-systems in cascade
w
whose gains are specified as G1, G2, 1/G3 . The relative small errors associated with
w
each respective subsystem G1, G2 and G3 are e1, e2 and e3 . The error associated
with the output is :
w
(A) e1 + e2 + 1 (B) e1 e2
e3 e3
(C) e1 + e2 - e3 (D) e1 + e2 + e3
Sol. 2 Overall gain of the system is written as

G = G1 G 2 1
G3
We know that for a quantity that is product of two or more quantities total
percentage error is some of the percentage error in each quantity. so error in
overall gain G is
3 G = e1 + e2 + 1
e3
Hence (D) is correct option.
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GATE SOLVED PAPER - EE 2009
Q. 3 The following circuit has a source voltage VS as shown in the graph. The current
through the circuit is also shown.
et
.n
ng
ri
ee
n
The element connected between a and b could be
i
ng
ye
as
Sol. 3 .E
Figure shows current characteristic of diode during switching.
w
Q. 4
w
The two inputs of a CRO are fed with two stationary periodic signals. In the X-Y
w
mode, the screen shows a figure which changes from ellipse to circle and back
to ellipse with its major axis changing orientation slowly and repeatedly. The
following inference can be made from this.
(A) The signals are not sinusoidal
(B) The amplitudes of the signals are very close but not equal
(C) The signals are sinusoidal with their frequencies very close but not equal
(D) There is a constant but small phase difference between the signals
Sol. 4 A circle is produced when there is a 90c phase difference between vertical and
horizontal inputs.
Q. 5 The increasing order of speed of data access for the following device is
(I) Cache Memory
(II) CD-ROM
(III) Dynamic RAM
(IV) Processor Registers
(V) Magnetic Tape
(A) (V), (II), (III), (IV), (I) (B) (V), (II), (III), (I), (IV)
(C) (II), (I), (III), (IV), (V) (D) (V), (II), (I), (III), (IV)

Sol. 5 The increasing order of speed is as following

Magnetic tape> CD-ROM> Dynamic RAM>Cache Memory>Processor register
Hence (B) is correct option.
Q. 6 A field excitation of 20 A in a certain alternator results in an armature current
of 400 A in short circuit and a terminal voltage of 2000 V on open circuit. The
magnitude of the internal voltage drop within the machine at a load current of
200 A is
(A) 1 V (B) 10 V
(C) 100 V (D) 1000 V
Sol. 6
et
Given field excitation of = 20 A
.nArmature current = 400 A
ng
Short circuit and terminal voltage = 200 V
On open circuit, load current = 200 A
So,
ri Internal resistance = 2000 = 5 W
400
ee Internal vol. drop = 5 # 200
in = 1000 V
Q. 7
ng
The current through the 2 kW resistance in the circuit shown is
ye
as
.E
w
w
w
(A) 0 mA
(C) 2 mA
(B) 1 mA
(D) 6 mA
Sol. 7 Hence (A) is correct option
In the bridge
R1 R 4 = R 2 R 3 = 1
So it is a balanced bridge
I = 0 mA

Q. 8 Out of the following plant categories

(i) Nuclear
(ii) Run-of-river
(iii) Pump Storage
(iv) Diesel
The base load power plant are
(A) (i) and (ii) (B) (ii) and (iii)
(C) (i), (ii) and (iv)
et (D) (i), (iii) and (iv)
Sol. 8
.n
Hence ( ) is correct Option
Q. 9
ng
For a fixed value of complex power flow in a transmission line having a sending
end voltage V , the real loss will be proportional to
(A) V
ri (B) V 2
Sol. 9
(C) 12
V
ee
Hence (C) is correct option.
(D) 1
V
in
We know complex power
ng S = P + jQ = VI (cos f + j sin f)
= VIe jf
ye I = S jf
Ve
s
a Real Power loss = I2 R
a Ve
2 2
PL = c S jf m R = S j2R
e f
#
1 a S2 R = Constant
V2 e j2f
So .E PL \ 12
Q. 10
w V
How many 200 W/220 V incandescent lamps connected in series would consume
w
the same total power as a single 100 W/220 V incandescent lamp ?
w
(A) not possible (B) 4
(C) 3 (D) 2
Sol. 10 Resistance of the bulb rated 200 W/220 V is
2
R1 = V
P1
(220) 2
= = 242 W
200
Resistance of 100 W/220 V lamp is
2 (220) 2
RT = V = = 484 W
P2 100
To connect in series
RT = n # R1
484 = n # 242
n =2
Hence (D) is correct option
Q. 11 A Linear Time Invariant system with an impulse response h (t) produces output
y (t) when input x (t) is applied. When the input x (t - t) is applied to a system
with impulse response h (t - t), the output will be
(A) y (t) (B) y (2 (t - t))
(C) y (t - t) (D) y (t - 2t)

Sol. 11 Hence (D) is correct option.

L
Let x (t) X (s)
L
y (t) Y (s)
L
h (t) H (s)
So output of the system is given as
Y (s) = X (s) H (s)
Now for input x (t - t) e - st X (s)
L
(shifting property)
h (t - t) e- st H (s)
L
t
So now output is Y' (s) = e - st X (s) $ e - ts H (s)
e
n - 2st
Y' (s) = e X (s) H (s)
.
Y' (s) = e - 2st Y (s)
Or
ng
y' (t) = y (t - 2t)
Q. 12
ri
The nature of feedback in the op-amp circuit shown is
ee
in
ng
ye
as
(A) Current-Current feedback (B) Voltage-Voltage feedback
.E
(C) Current-Voltage feedback (D) Voltage-Current feedback
Sol. 12 Equivalent circuit of given amplifier
w
w
w
Feedback samples output voltage and adds a negative feedback voltage (vfb) to
input.
So, it is a voltage-voltage feedback.
Q. 13 The complete set of only those Logic Gates designated as Universal Gates is
(A) NOT, OR and AND Gates
(B) XNOR, NOR and NAND Gates
(C) NOR and NAND Gates
(D) XOR, NOR and NAND Gates

Sol. 13 NOR and NAND gates considered as universal gates.

Hence (C) is correct Option
Q. 14 The single phase, 50 Hz iron core transformer in the circuit has both the vertical
arms of cross sectional area 20 cm2 and both the horizontal arms of cross sectional
area 10 cm2 . If the two windings shown were wound instead on opposite horizontal
arms, the mutual inductance will
et
.n
(A) double
ng (B) remain same
(C) be halved
ri (D) become one quarter
Sol. 14
ee
Given single-phase iron core transformer has both the vertical arms of cross
section area 20 cm2 , and both the horizontal arms of cross section are 10 cm2
in
So, Inductance = NBA (proportional to cross section area)
1
ng
When cross section became half, inductance became half.
Q. 15
ye
A 3-phase squirrel cage induction motor supplied from a balanced 3-phase source drives
as
a mechanical load. The torque-speed characteristics of the motor(solid curve) and of the
load(dotted curve) are shown. Of the two equilibrium points A and B, which of
.E
the following options correctly describes the stability of A and B ?
w
w
w
(A) A is stable, B is unstable (B) A is unstable, B is stable
(C) Both are stable (D) Both are unstable
Sol. 15 Given 3-phase squirrel cage induction motor.
At point A if speed -, Torque -

speed ., Torque .
So A is stable.
At point B if speed - Load torque .
So B is un-stable.

Q. 16 An SCR is considered to be a semi-controlled device because

(A) It can be turned OFF but not ON with a gate pulse.
(B) It conducts only during one half-cycle of an alternating current wave.
(C) It can be turned ON but not OFF with a gate pulse.
(D) It can be turned ON only during one half-cycle of an alternating voltage
wave.
Sol. 16 SCR has the property that it can be turned ON but not OFF with a gate pulse,
So SCR is being considered to be a semi-controlled device.
Q. 17
system is
et
The polar plot of an open loop stable system is shown below. The closed loop
.n
ng
ri
ee
in
g
(A) always stable
en
(B) marginally stable
(C) un-stable with one pole on the RH s -plane
y
(D) un-stable with two poles on the RH s -plane
s
a
From Nyquist stability criteria, no. of closed loop poles in right half of s -plane is
Sol. 17
.E
given as
Z = P-N
w
P " No. of open loop poles in right half s -plane
N " No. of encirclement of (- 1, j0)
w
w
Here N =- 2 (` encirclement is in clockwise direction)

P = 0 (` system is stable)
So, Z = 0 - (- 2)
Z = 2 , System is unstable with 2-poles on RH of s -plane.
Q. 18 The first two rows of Routh’s tabulation of a third order equation are as follows.
s3 2 2
s2 4 4
This means there are

(A) Two roots at s = ! j and one root in right half s -plane

(B) Two roots at s = ! j2 and one root in left half s -plane
(C) Two roots at s = ! j2 and one root in right half s -plane
(D) Two roots at s = ! j and one root in left half s -plane
Sol. 18 Given Routh’s tabulation.
s3 2 2
s2
s1
4 4
et
n
0 0
g.
So the auxiliary equation is given by,
4s 2 + 4 = 0
in s2 =- 1
er s =! j
e
From table we have characteristic equation as
in 2s3 + 2s + 4s2 + 4 = 0
s3 + s + 2s2 + 2 = 0
ng s (s2 + 1) + 2 (s2 + 1) = 0
ye (s + 2) (s2 + 1) = 0
s =- 2 , s = ! j
Q. 19
as
The asymptotic approximation of the log-magnitude v/s frequency plot of a
.E
system containing only real poles and zeros is shown. Its transfer function is
w
w
w
10 (s + 5) 1000 (s + 5)
(A) (B)
s (s + 2) (s + 25) 2
s (s + 2) (s + 25)
100 (s + 5) 80 (s + 5)
(C) (D) 2
s (s + 2) (s + 25) s (s + 2) (s + 25)
Sol. 19 Since initial slope of the bode plot is - 40 dB/decade, so no. of poles at origin is 2.
Transfer function can be written in following steps:
Slope changes from - 40 dB/dec. to - 60 dB/dec. at w1 = 2 rad/sec., so at w1
there is a pole in the transfer function.
Slope changes from - 60 dB/dec to - 40 dB/dec at w2 = 5 rad/sec., so at this
frequency there is a zero lying in the system function.
The slope changes from - 40 dB/dec to - 60 dB/dec at w3 = 25 rad/sec, so there
is a pole in the system at this frequency.
Transfer function

K (s + 5)
T (s) = 2
s (s + 2) (s + 25)
Constant term can be obtained as.
T (jw) at w = 0.1 = 80
K (5)
So, 80 = 20 log
(0.1) 2 # 50
K = 1000
therefore, the transfer function is
1000 (s + 5)
T (s) = 2
s (s + 2) (s + 25)
t
Q. 20
ne
The trace and determinant of a 2 # 2 matrix are known to be - 2 and - 35
respectively. Its eigenvalues are
(A) - 30 and - 5
g. (B) - 37 and - 1
n
(C) - 7 and 5 (D) 17.5 and - 2
Sol. 20
ri
e
Let the matrix ise A => H
a b
c d
in
Trace of a square matrix is sum of its diagonal entries
Determinent
ng Trace A = a + d =- 2
ad - bc =- 35
Eigenvalue
ye A - lI = 0
as a-l b
c d-l
=0
.E
(a - l) (d - l) - bc = 0
2
l - (a + d) l + (ad - bc) =0
w l2 - (- 2) l + (- 35) =0
w l2 + 2l - 35 =0
w (l - 5) (l + 7) =0
l1, l2 = 5, - 7
Q.21 to Q.60 carry two marks each.

Q. 21 The following circuit has R = 10 kW, C = 10 mF . The input voltage is a sinusoidal
at 50 Hz with an rms value of 10 V. Under ideal conditions, the current Is from
the source is

(A) 10p mA leading by 90% (B) 20p mA leading by 90%

(C) 10p mA leading by 90% (D) 10p mA lagging by 90%
Sol. 21 Let voltages at positive and negative terminals of op-amp are V+ and V- respectively,
then
V+ = V- = Vs (ideal op-amp)
In the circuit we have,
1
` Cs j
et
V- - 0 + V- - V0 (s) = 0
R
.n
(RCs) V- + V- - V0 (s) = 0
ng (1 + RCs) Vs = V0 (s)
ri
Similarly current Is is,
Is = Vs - V0
ee R
in Is = RCs Vs
R
ng Is = jwCVs
ye Is = wCVs + + 90%
as Is = 2pf # 10 # 10 - 6 # 10
Is = 2 # p # 50 # 10 # 10 - 6 # 10
.E
Is = 10p mA, leading by 90%
Q. 22
w
In the figure shown, all elements used are ideal. For time t < 0, S1 remained closed
w
and S2 open. At t = 0, S1 is opened and S2 is closed. If the voltage Vc2 across the
w
capacitor C2 at t = 0 is zero, the voltage across the capacitor combination at
t = 0+ will be
(A) 1 V (B) 2 V
(C) 1.5 V (D) 3 V
Sol. 22 For t < 0 , S1 is closed and S2 is opened so the capacitor C1 will charged upto 3
volt.
VC1 (0) = 3 Volt
Now when switch positions are changed, by applying charge conservation
Ceq VC (0+) = C1 VC (0+) + C2 VC (0+)
1 1 2
(2 + 1) # 3 = 1 # 3 + 2 # VC (0+) 2
9 = 3 + 2VC (0+)
2
VC (0+) = 3 Volt
2

Q. 23 Transformer and emitter follower can both be used for impedance matching at
the output of an audio amplifier. The basic relationship between the input power
Pin and output power Pout in both the cases is
(A) Pin = Pout for both transformer and emitter follower
(B) Pin > Pout for both transformer and emitter follower
(C) Pin < Pout for transformer and Pin = Pout for emitter follower
(D) Pin = Pout for transformer and Pin < Pout for emitter follower
Sol. 23 Input and output power of a transformer is same
Pin = Pout
et
for emitter follower, voltage gain (A v)= 1
current gain (Ai) > 1
.nPower (Pout) = Av Ai Pin
ng
Since emitter follower has a high current gain so Pout > Pin
Q. 24
ri
The equivalent capacitance of the input loop of the circuit shown is
ee
in
ng
ye
(A) 2 mF
as
(C) 200 mF
(B) 100 mF
(D) 4 mF
Sol. 24
.E
w
w
w
Applying KVL in the input loop
v1 - i1 (1 + 1) # 103 - 1 (i1 + 49i1)= 0
jw C
v1 = 2 # 103 i1 + 1 50i1
jw C
Input impedance
Z1 = v 1
i1
= 2 # 103 + 1
jw (C/50)
So, equivalent capacitance
Ceq = C =
100 nF
50 = 2 nF
50

Q. 25 In an 8085 microprocessor, the contents of the Accumulator, after the following

instructions are executed will become
XRA A
MVI B, F0 H
SUB B
(A) 01 H (B) 0F H
(C) F0 H (D) 10 H
Sol. 25
XRA A &
et
For the given instruction set,
XOR A with A & A = 0
.n
MVI B, F0 H&B = F0 H
ng SUB B &A = A - B
ri A = 00000000
B = 1111 0 0 0 0
ee
2’s complement of (- B) = 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
A + (- B) = A - B = 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
in = 10 H
g
n
Q. 26
ye
For the Y-bus matrix of a 4-bus system given in per unit, the buses having shunt
elements are
R- 5 2 2.5 0 V
as S
S 2 - 10 2.5 4 W
YBUS = j S
2.5 2.5 - 9 4 W
W
.E S
S0
T
4 4 - 8W
W
X
w
(A) 3 and 4
(C) 1 and 2
(B) 2 and 3
(D) 1, 2 and 4
w
w
Sol. 26 YBus matrix of Y-Bus system are given as
R V
S- 5 2 2.5 0 W
S 2 - 10 2.5 0 W
YBus = j S W
S2.5 2.5 - 9 4 W
S0 4 4 - 8W
T X
We have to find out the buses having shunt element
R V
Sy11 y12 y13 y14W
Sy21 y22 y23 y24W
We know YBus = S W
Sy 31 y 32 y 33 y 34W
Sy 41 y 42 y 43 y 44W
T X
Here
y11 = y10 + y12 + y13 + y14 =- 5j
y22 = y20 + y21 + y23 + y24 =- 10j
y 33 = y 30 + y 31 + y 32 + y 34 =- 9j
y 44 = y 40 + y 41 + y 42 + y 43 =- 8j
y12 = y21 =- y12 = 2j
y13 = y 31 =- y13 = 2.5j
y14 = y 41 =- y14 = 0j
y23 = y 32 =- y23 = 2.5j
y24 = y 42 =- y24 = 4j

So
y10 = y11 - y12 - y13 - y14 =- 5j + 2j + 2.5j + 0j =- 0.5j
y20 = y22 - y12 - y23 - y24 =- 10j + 2j + 2.5j + 4j =- 1.5j
y 30 = y 33 - y 31 - y 32 - y 34 =- 9j + 2.5j + 2.5j + 4j = 0
y 40 = y 44 - y 41 - y 42 - y 43 =- 8j - 0 + 4j + 4j = 0
Admittance diagram is being made by as
et
.n
ng
ri
ee
From figure. it is cleared that branch (1) & (2) behaves like shunt element.
Q. 27
in
The unit-step response of a unity feed back system with open loop transfer
ng
function G (s) = K/ ((s + 1) (s + 2)) is shown in the figure.
The value of K is
ye
as
.E
(A) 0.5w (B) 2
(C) 4 w (D) 6
Sol. 27 w
From the figure we can see that steady state error for given system is
ess = 1 - 0.75 = 0.25
Steady state error for unity feed back system is given by
sR (s)
ess = lim = G
s " 0 1 + G (s)
s ^ 1s h
; R (s) = 1 (unit step input)
s"0> H
= lim
1+ K s
(s + 1) (s + 2)
= 1
1 + K2
=2
2+K
So, ess = 2 = 0.25
2+K
2 = 0.5 + 0.25K

K = 1.5 = 6
0.25
Q. 28 The open loop transfer function of a unity feed back system is given by
G (s) = (e - 0.1s) /s . The gain margin of the is system is
(A) 11.95 dB (B) 17.67 dB
(C) 21.33 dB (D) 23.9 dB
Sol. 28
et
Open loop transfer function of the figure is given by,
n
- 0.1s
G (s) = e
g. G (jw) = e
s
- j0.1w
in jw
er
Phase cross over frequency can be calculated as,
+G (jwp) =- 180c
ne 180
b- 0.1wp # p l - 90c =- 180c
gi 0.1wp # 180c = 90c

p
en 0.1wp = 90c # p
180c
sy wp = 15.7 rad/sec
a = 20 log e 1
G (jwp) o
So the gain margin (dB)
.E = 20 log 1
>b 1 l H
w 15.7
= 20 log 15.7
w = 23.9 dB
Q. 29
w
Match the items in List-I (To) with the items in the List-II (Use) and select the
correct answer using the codes given below the lists.
List-I
a. improve power factor
b. reduce the current ripples
c. increase the power flow in line
d. reduce the Ferranti effect
List-II
1. shunt reactor
2. shunt capacitor
3. series capacitor
4. series reactor
(A) a " 2, b " 3, c " 4, d " 1

(B) a " 2, b " 4, c " 3, d " 1
(C) a " 4, b " 3, c " 1, d " 2
(D) a " 4, b " 1, c " 3, d " 2

Sol. 29 We know that

• Shunt Capacitors are used for improving power factor.
• Series Reactors are used to reduce the current ripples.
• For increasing the power flow in line we use series capacitor.
• Shunt reactors are used to reduce the Ferranti effect.
Hence (B) is correct option
Q. 30 Match the items in List-I (Type of transmission line) with the items in List-II
(Type of distance relay preferred) and select the correct answer using the codes
given below the lists.
List-I
a. Short Line
et List-II
1. Ohm Relay
b. Medium Line
c. Long Line
.n 2. Reactance Relay
3. Mho Relay
ng
i
(A) a " 2, b " 1, c " 3 (B) a " 3, b " 2, c " 1
er
(C) a " 1, b " 2, c " 3 (D) a " 1, b " 3, c " 2
e
Sol. 30 We know that for different type of transmission line different type of distance
n
relays are used which are as follows.
gi
Short Transmission line -Ohm reactance used
Medium Transmission Line -Reactance relay is used
en
Long Transmission line -Mho relay is used
Q. 31
sy
Three generators are feeding a load of 100 MW. The details of the generators are
a Rating Efficiency Regulation (Pu.)
.E
(MW) (%) ( on 100 MVA base)
Generator-1 100 20 0.02

w
Generator-2 100 30 0.04
w
Generator-3 100 40 0.03
w
In the event of increased load power demand, which of the following will happen ?
(A) All the generator will share equal power
(B) Generator-3 will share more power compared to Generator-1
(C) Generator-1 will share more power compared to Generator-2
(D) Generator-2 will share more power compared to Generator-3
Sol. 31 Given that three generators are feeding a load of 100 MW. For increased load power
demand, Generator having better regulation share More power, so Generator -1
will share More power than Generator -2.
Q. 32 A 500 MW, 21 kV, 50 Hz, 3-phase, 2-pole synchronous generator having a rated
p.f = 0.9, has a moment of inertia of 27.5 # 103 kg-m2 .The inertia constant (H
) will be
(A) 2.44 s (B) 2.71 s
(C) 4.88 s (D) 5.42 s
Sol. 32 Given Synchronous generator of 500 MW, 21 kV, 50 Hz, 3-f, 2-pole
P.F = 0.9 , Moment of inertia M = 27.5 # 103 kg-m2

Inertia constant H = ?
Generator rating in MVA G = P = 500 MW = 555.56 MVA
cos f 0. 9
N = 120 # f = 120 # 50 = 3000 rpm
pole 2
= 1 Mw2 = 1 M b 2pN l
2
Stored K.E
2 2 60
et = 1 # 27.5 # 103 # b 2p # 3000 l MJ

2 60
.n = 1357.07 MJ
Stored K.E
ng
Inertia constant (H) =
Rating of Generator (MVA)
ri H = 1357.07
555.56
ee = 2.44 sec
n
Q. 33
i
f (x, y) is a continuous function defined over (x, y) ! [0, 1] # [0, 1]. Given the two
g # #
constraints, x > y2 and y > x2 , the volume under f (x, y) is
# #
(A)
y=1
y=0
en x= y
x = y2
f (x, y) dxdy (B)
y=1
y = x2
x=1
x = y2
f (x, y) dxdy
# #
(C)
y=1
sy x=1
# #f (x, y) dxdy (D)
y= x x= y
f (x, y) dxdy
a
y=0 x=0 y=0 x=0
Sol. 33 Given constraints x > y2 and y > x2
.E
w
w
w
Limit of y : y = 0 to y = 1
Limit of x : x = y2 to x2 = y & x = y
So volume under f (x, y)
y=1 x= y
V = #y = 0 #x = y 2
f (x, y) dx dy
Hence (A) is correct option
Q. 34 Assume for simplicity that N people, all born in April (a month of 30 days), are
collected in a room. Consider the event of at least two people in the room being
born on the same date of the month, even if in different years, e.g. 1980 and 1985.
What is the smallest N so that the probability of this event exceeds 0.5 ?
(A) 20 (B) 7
(C) 15 (D) 16

Sol. 34 No of events of at least two people in the room being born on same date = n C2
three people in the room being born on same date = n C 3
similarly four for people = n C 4
n n n
probabilty of the event, 0.5 $ C2 $ C 3 $ C 4 g Cn & N = 7
n
N
Hence(B) is correct option.
Q. 35 A cascade of three Linear Time Invariant systems is causal and unstable. From
this, we conclude that
(A) each system in the cascade is individually causal and unstable
(B) at least on system is unstable and at least one system is causal
et
(C) at least one system is causal and all systems are unstable
(D) the majority are unstable and the majority are causal
.n
Let three LTI systems having response H1 (z), H2 (z) and H 3 (z) are
g
Sol. 35
Cascaded as showing below
in
er
ne
Assume
gi H1 (z) = z2 + z1 + 1 (non-causal)
H2 (z) = z3 + z2 + 1 (non-causal)
en
Overall response of the system
H (z) = H1 (z) H2 (z) H3 (z)
sy H (z) = (z2 + z1 + 1) (z3 + z2 + 1) H3 (z)
a
To make H (z) causal we have to take H3 (z) also causal.
.E
Let H3 (z) = z - 6 + z - 4 + 1
H (z) = (z2 + z1 + 1) (z3 + z2 + 1) (z - 6 + z - 4 + 1)
w H (z) " causal
w
Similarly to make H (z) unstable atleast one of the system should be unstable.
Q. 36
w
The Fourier Series coefficients of a periodic signal x (t) expressed as
x (t) = / k3=- 3 ak e j2pkt/T are given by a- 2 = 2 - j1, a- 1 = 0.5 + j0.2 , a 0 = j2 ,
a 1 = 0.5 - j0.2 , a 2 = 2 + j1 and ak = 0 for k > 2
Which of the following is true ?
(A) x (t) has finite energy because only finitely many coefficients are non-zero
(B) x (t) has zero average value because it is periodic
(C) The imaginary part of x (t) is constant
(D) The real part of x (t) is even
Sol. 36 Given signal
3
x (t) = / ak e j2pkt/T
k =- 3
Let w0 is the fundamental frequency of signal x (t)
3
x (t) = / ak e jkw t
0
k =- 3
a 2p = w0
T

x (t) = a - 2 e - j2w t + a - 1 e - jw t + a0 + a1 e jw t + a2 e j2w t

0 0 0 0
= (2 - j) e - 2jw t + (0.5 + 0.2j) e - jw t + 2j +

0 0
+ (0.5 - 0.2) e jw t + (2 + j) e j2w t

0 0
= 2 6e - j2w t + e j2w t @ + j 6e j2w t - e - j2w t @ +

0 0 0 0
0.56e jw t + e - jw t @ - 0.2j 6e+ jw t - e - jw t @ + 2j

t
0 0 0 0
ne = 2 (2 cos 2w0 t) + j (2j sin 2w0 t) + 0.5 (2 cos w0 t) -
g.
0.2j (2j sin w0 t) + 2j
= [4 cos 2w0 t - 2 sin 2w0 t + cos w0 t +0.4 sin w0 t] + 2j
in
Im [x (t)] = 2 (constant)
r
e
Q. 37
ne
The z-transform of a signal x [n] is given by 4z - 3 + 3z - 1 + 2 - 6z2 + 2z3
It is applied to a system, with a transfer function H (z) = 3z - 1 - 2
gi
Let the output be y [n]. Which of the following is true ?
(A) y [n] is non causal with finite support
en
(B) y [n] is causal with infinite support
(D)
y
(C) y [n] = 0; n > 3
s
Re [Y (z)] z = e =- Re [Y (z)] z = e
ji - ji
a
Im [Y (z)] z = e = Im [Y (z)] z = e ; - p # q < p
ji - ji
Sol. 37
.E
Z-transform of x [n] is
X (z) = 4z - 3 + 3z - 1 + 2 - 6z2 + 2z3
w
Transfer function of the system
w H (z) = 3z - 1 - 2
w
Output
Y (z) = H (z) X (z)
Y (z) = (3z - 1 - 2) (4z - 3 + 3z - 1 + 2 - 6z2 + 2z3)
= 12z - 4 + 9z - 2 + 6z - 1 - 18z + 6z2 - 8z - 3 - 6z - 1
- 4 + 12z2 - 4z3
= 12z - 4 - 8z - 3 + 9z - 2 - 4 - 18z + 18z2 - 4z3
Or sequence y [n] is
y [n] = 12d [n - 4] - 8d [n - 3] + 9d [n - 2] - 4d [n] -
18d [n + 1] + 18d [n + 2] - 4d [n + 3]
y [ n] =
Y 0, n < 0
So y [n] is non-causal with finite support.
Q. 38 A cubic polynomial with real coefficients
(A) Can possibly have no extrema and no zero crossings
(B) May have up to three extrema and upto 2 zero crossings
(C) Cannot have more than two extrema and more than three zero crossings
(D) Will always have an equal number of extrema and zero crossings

Sol. 38 Assume a Cubic polynomial with real Coefficients

P (x) = a 0 x3 + a1 x3 + a2 x + a 3
a 0, a1, a2, a 3 are real
P' (x) = 3a 0 x2 + 2a1 x + a2
P'' (x) = 6a 0 x + 2a1
P''' (x) = 6a 0
Piv (x) = 0
Hence (C) is correct Option
Q. 39 Let x2 - 117 = 0 . The iterative steps for the solution using Newton-Raphon’s
method is given by
(A) xk + 1 = 1 bxk + 117 l
2 xk
et (B) xk + 1 = xk - 117
xk
(C) xk + 1 = xk - xk
.n (D) xk + 1 = xk - 1 bxk + 117 l
g
117 2 xk
in
Sol. 39
expression
er
An iterative sequence in Newton-Raphson’s method is obtained by following
e
f (xk )
xk + 1 = xk -
f' (xk )
in f (x) = x2 - 117
So
ng f' (x)
f (xk )
= 2x
= x k2 - 117
ye f' (xk ) = 2xk = 2 # 117

2
= xk - x k - 117
So
as xk + 1
2xk
= xk - :xk + 117 D
1
.E
2 xk
Q. 40 w
F (x, y) = (x2 + xy) at x + (y2 + xy) at y . It’s line integral over the straight line from
w
(x, y) = (0, 2) to (x, y) = (2, 0) evaluates to
(C) 8w
(A) - 8 (B) 4
(D) 0
Sol. 40 Equation of straight line
y - 2 = 0 - 2 (x - 0)
2-0
y - 2 =- x
F $ dl = [(x2 + xy) at x + (y2 + xy) at y] [dxat x + dyat y + dzat z]
= (x2 + xy) dx + (y2 + xy) dy
Limit of x : 0 to 2
Limit of y : 2 to 0
2 0
# F $ dl = #0 (x2 + xy) dx + #2 (y2 + xy) dy
Line y - 2 =- x
dy =- dx
2 0 2
So # F $ dl = #0 [x2 + x (2 - x)] dx + #2 y + (2 - y) y dy
2 0
= #0 2xdx + #2 2y dy

2 2
y2 0
= 2 :x D + 2 ; E
2 0 2 2
= 4-4
=0
Q. 41 An ideal op-amp circuit and its input wave form as shown in the figures. The
output waveform of this circuit will be
et
.n
ng
ri
ee
in
ng
ye
as
.E
w
w
w
Sol. 41 This is a schmitt trigger circuit, output can takes two states only.
VOH =+ 6 volt
VOL =- 3 volt
Threshold voltages at non-inverting terminals of op-amp is given as
VTH - 6 + VTH - 0 = 0
2 1
3VTH - 6 = 0
VTH = 2 V (Upper threshold)
Similarly
VTL - (- 3) VTL
+ =0
2 1
3VTL + 3 = 0

VTL =- 1 V (Lower threshold)

For Vin < 2 Volt, V0 =+ 6 Volt
Vin > 2 Volt, V0 =- 3 Volt
Vin < - 1 Volt V0 =+ 6 Volt
Vin > - 1 Volt V0 =- 3 Volt
Output waveform
et
.n
ng
i
Hence(D) is correct option.
r
Q. 42
ee
A 200 V, 50 Hz, single-phase induction motor has the following connection
diagram and winding orientations as shown. MM’ is the axis of the main stator
in
winding(M1 M2) and AA’ is that of the auxiliary winding(A1 A2). Directions of the
winding axis indicate direction of flux when currents in the windings are in the
ng
directions shown. Parameters of each winding are indicated. When switch S is
closed the motor
ye
as
.E
w
w
w
(A) rotates clockwise
(B) rotates anti-clockwise
(C) does not rotate
(D) rotates momentarily and comes to a halt
Sol. 42 Hence ( ) is correct Option
Q. 43 The circuit shows an ideal diode connected to a pure inductor and is connected
to a purely sinusoidal 50 Hz voltage source. Under ideal conditions the current
waveform through the inductor will look like.

et
.n
ng
ri
ee
in
ng
ye
as
.E
Sol. 43
w
w
w
Current wave form for iL
vL = LdiL
dt
1
iL = # vL dt
2
for 0 < wt +p, vL = vin = 10 sin wt = diL
dt
iL = 1 # vL dt =- cos 100pt + C
2
at 100pt = p/2 , iL = 0 , C = 0
iL =- 100 cos pt
iL (peak) = 1 Amp for p < wt vL = vin = 0

et
.n
Q. 44
ng
The Current Source Inverter shown in figure is operated by alternately turning on
thyristor pairs (T1, T2) and (T3, T4). If the load is purely resistive, the theoretical
i
maximum output frequency obtainable will be
r
ee
in
ng
ye
as
.E
(A) 125 kHz
(C) 500 kHz
(B) 250 kHz
(D) 50 kHz
w
In CSI let T3 and T4 already conducting at t = 0
w
Sol. 44
At triggering T1 and T2 , T3 and T4 are force commulated.
w
Again at t = T , T1 and T2 are force commutated. This completes a cycle.
2
Time constant t = RC = 4 # 0.5 = 2 m sec
frequency f = 1 = 1 = 500 kHz

t 2 # 10- 6
Q. 45 In the chopper circuit shown, the main thyristor (TM) is operated at a duty ratio
of 0.8 which is much larger the commutation interval. If the maximum allowable
reapplied dv/dt on TM is 50 V/ ms , what should be the theoretical minimum value
of C1 ? Assume current ripple through L 0 to be negligible.

(A) 0.2 mF (B) 0.02 mF

(C) 2 mF
et (D) 20 mF
Sol. 45
.n
duty ratio TM = 0.8
ng
maximum dv on TM = 50 V/msec
dt
ri
e
minimum value of C1 = ?
e
Given that current ripple through L 0 is negligible.
current through TM = Im = duty ratio # current
in = 0.8 # 12.5 = 10 A
a
ng Im = C1 dv
e
dt
sy 10 = C1 # 50- 6
10
a C1 = 50 # 10- 6 = 0.2 mF
10
.E
Q. 46
w
Match the switch arrangements on the top row to the steady-state
w
V -I characteristics on the lower row. The steady state operating points are shown
by large black dots.
(A) P-I, Q-II, R-III, S-IV

(B) P-II, Q-IV, R-I, S-III
(C) P-IV, Q-III, R-I, S-II
(D) P-IV, Q-III, R-II, S-I

Sol. 46 Characteristics are as
et
.n
ng
ri
ee
in
ng
Hence (C) is correct option
Q. 47
ye
For the circuit shown, find out the current flowing through the 2 W resistance.
as
Also identify the changes to be made to double the current through the 2 W
resistance.
.E
w
w
w
(A) (5 A; PutVS = 30 V)
(B) (2 A; PutVS = 8 V)
(C) (5 A; Put IS = 10 A)
(D) (7 A; Put IS = 12 A)
Sol. 47 Voltage across 2 X resistor, VS = 2 V
Current, I2W = VS = 4 = 2 A
2 2
To make the current double we have to take
VS = 8 V
Q. 48 The figure shows a three-phase delta connected load supplied from a 400V, 50
Hz, 3-phase balanced source. The pressure coil (PC) and current coil (CC) of a
wattmeter are connected to the load as shown, with the coil polarities suitably
selected to ensure a positive deflection. The wattmeter reading will be

(A) 0 (B) 1600 Watt

(C) 800 Watt
et (D) 400 Watt
n
Sol. 48
g.
Wattmeter reading P = VPC ICC
VPC " Voltage across potential coil.
in
ICC " Current in current coil.
er
VPC = Vbc = 400+ - 120c
ICC = Iac = 400+120c = 4+120c
Power
ne 100
P = 400+ - 120c # 4+120c
gi = 1600+240c
= 1600 # 1
en = 800 Watt
2
Q. 49
sy
An average-reading digital multi-meter reads 10 V when fed with a triangular
wave, symmetric about the time-axis. For the same input an rms-reading meter
will read
a
(A) 20
3.E (B) 10
3
w
(C) 20 3 (D) 10 3
Sol. 49
w
w
Average value of a triangular wave Vav = Vm
3
rms value Vms = Vm

3
Given that Vav = Vm = 10 V
3
So Vrms = Vm = 3 Vav = 10 3 V
3
Q. 50 Figure shows the extended view of a 2-pole dc machine with 10 armature conductors.
Normal brush positions are shown by A and B, placed at the interpolar axis. If
the brushes are now shifted, in the direction of rotation, to A’ and B’ as shown,
the voltage waveform VA'B' will resemble

et
.n
ng
ri
ee
in
Sol. 50 Wave form ng VAlBl
ye
as
.E
w
w
w
Common Data Questions
Common Data for Questions 51 and 52:
The star-delta transformer shown above is excited on the star side with balanced,
4-wire, 3-phase, sinusoidal voltage supply of rated magnitude. The transformer is
under no load condition
Q. 51 With both S1 and S2 open, the core flux waveform will be
(A) a sinusoid at fundamental frequency

(B) flat-topped with third harmonic

(C) peaky with third-harmonic
(D) none of these
Sol. 51 When both S1 and S2 open, star connection consists 3rd harmonics in line current
due to hysteresis A saturation.
Q. 52
et
With S2 closed and S1 open, the current waveform in the delta winding will be
(A) a sinusoid at fundamental frequency
.n
(B) flat-topped with third harmonic
(C) only third-harmonic
(D) none of these
ng
Sol. 52
ri
Since S2 closed and S1 open, so it will be open delta connection and output will
ee
be sinusoidal at fundamental frequency.
in
ng
Common Data for Questions 53 and 54 :
The circuit diagram shows a two-winding, lossless transformer with
ye
no leakage flux, excited from a current source, i (t), whose waveform
is also shown. The transformer has a magnetizing inductance of
s
400/p mH.
a
.E
w
w
w
Q. 53 The peak voltage across A and B, with S open is

(A) 400 V (B) 800 V
p
(C) 4000 V (D) 800 V
p p
Sol. 53 Peak voltage across A and B with S open is
V = m di = m # (slope of I - t)
dt
= 400 # 10- 3 # : 10 - 3 D = 800 V
p 5 # 10 p

Q. 54 If the wave form of i (t) is changed to i (t) = 10 sin (100pt) A, the peak voltage
across A and B with S closed is
(A) 400 V (B) 240 V
(C) 320 V (D) 160 V
Sol. 54 Hence ( ) is correct Option
Common Data for Question 55 and 56 :

A system is described by the following state and output equations
dx1 (t)
dt
dx2 (t)
et
=- 3x1 (t) + x2 (t) + 2u (t)
dt
.n=- 2x2 (t) + u (t)
ng
y (t) = x1 (t)
when u (t) is the input and y (t) is the output
Q. 55
ri
The system transfer function is
(A) 2 s + 2
s + 5s - 6
ee (B) 2 s + 3
s + 5s + 6
(C) 2 2s + 5
in (D) 2 2s - 5
Sol. 55
ng
s + 5s + 6
Given system equations
dx1 (t)
s + 5s - 6
ye dt
dx2 (t)
=- 3x1 (t) + x2 (t) + 2u (t)
as dt
=- 2x2 (t) + u (t)
y (t) = x1 (t)
.E
Taking Laplace transform on both sides of equations.
sX1 (s) =- 3X1 (s) + X2 (s) + 2U (s)
w (s + 3) X1 (s) = X2 (s) + 2U (s) ...(1)
w
Similarly
sX2 (s) =- 2X2 (s) + U (s)
w (s + 2) X2 (s) = U (s)
From equation (1) & (2)
...(2)
U (s)
(s + 3) X1 (s) = + 2U (s)
s+2
U (s) 1 + 2 (s + 2)
s + 3; s + 2 E
X1 (s) =
(2s + 5)
X1 (s) = U (s)
(s + 2) (s + 3)
From output equation,
Y (s) = X1 (s)
(2s + 5)
So, Y (s) = U (s)
(s + 2) (s + 3)
System transfer function
Y (s) (2s + 5)
T.F = =
U (s) (s + 2) (s + 3)

(2s + 5)
= 2
s + 5s + 6
Q. 56 The state-transition matrix of the above system is
e - 3t 0 e - 3 t e - 2t - e - 3t
(A) = - 2t - 3t - 2t G (B) = G
e +e e 0 e - 2t
e - 3t e - 2t + e - 3t e 3t e - 2t - e - 3t
(C) = G (D) = G
Sol. 56
0 e - 2t
et
Given state equations in matrix form can be written as,
0 e - 2t
.n xo1 - 3 1 x1 2
> o H = > 0 - 2H>x H + >1H u (t)
ng x2
dX (t)
2
i
= AX (t) + Bu (t)
dt
er
State transition matrix is given by
f (t) = L- 1 6F (s)@
ne F (s) = (sI - A) - 1
gi s 0
(sI - A) = > H - >
0 s
-3 1
0 - 2H
n
s + 3 -1
(sI - A) = >
0 s + 2H
ye (sI - A) - 1 = 1 s+2 1
> 0 s + 3H
as (s + 3) (s + 2)
R
S 1 1
V
W
.E
-1 S(s + 3) (s + 3) (s + 2)W
So F (s) = (sI - A) = S 1 W
S 0 (s + 2) W
w T - 3t - 2t
e e - e- 3t
X
w f (t) = L [F (s)] = >

-1
0 e- 2t
H
w
Statement for Linked Answer Questions 57 and 58 :
The figure above shows coils-1 and 2, with dot markings as shown, having 4000
and 6000 turns respectively. Both the coils have a rated current of 25 A. Coil-1 is
excited with single phase, 400 V, 50 Hz supply.
400
Q. 57 The coils are to be connected to obtain a single-phase, 1000 V,
auto-transformer to drive a load of 10 kVA. Which of the options given should be
exercised to realize the required auto-transformer ?
(A) Connect A and D; Common B
(B) Connect B and D; Common C
(C) Connect A and C; Common B
(D) Connect A and C; Common D

Sol. 57 Hence (A) is correct option.
N1 = 4000
N2 = 6000
I = 25 A
V = 400 V , f = 50 Hz
Load 10 kVA
et
Coil are to be connected to obtain a single Phase, 400 V auto transfer to drive
1000
.n
Connected A & D common B
ng
ri
ee
in
Q. 58
ng
In the autotransformer obtained in Question 16, the current in each coil is
(A) Coil-1 is 25 A and Coil-2 is 10 A
e
(B) Coil-1 is 10 A and Coil-2 is 25 A
y
as
(C) Coil-1 is 10 A and Coil-2 is 15 A
(D) Coil-1 is 15 A and Coil-2 is 10 A
Sol. 58
.E
Given 3-phase, 400 V, 5 kW, Star connected synchronous motor.
Internal Resistance = 10 W
w
Operating at 50% Load, unity p.f.
So w
w kVA rating = 25 # 400
= 1000
Internal Resistance = 10 W
So
kVA rating = 1000 # 10
= 10000 kVA
Statement for Linked Answer Question 59 and 60 :

Q. 59 For the circuit given above, the Thevenin’s resistance across the terminals A and
B is
(A) 0.5 kW (B) 0.2 kW
(C) 1 kW (D) 0.11 kW
Sol. 59 To obtain equivalent thevenin circuit, put a test source between terminals AB
et
.n
ng
ri
By applying KCL at super node
VP - 5 + VP + VS = I
e
S
2 2 1
e
VP - 5 + VP + 2VS = 2IS
n
gi
2VP + 2VS = 2Is + 5
VP + VS = IS + 2.5 ...(1)
&
enVP - VS = 3VS
VP = 4VS
So,
sy 4VS + VS = IS + 2.5
5VS = IS + 2.5
a VS = 0.2IS + 0.5 ...(2)
.E
For thevenin equivalent circuit
w
w
w VS = IS Rth + Vth
...(3)
By comparing (2) and (3),
Thevenin resistance Rth = 0.2 kW
Q. 60 For the circuit given above, the Thevenin’s voltage across the terminals A and B
is
(A) 1.25 V (B) 0.25 V
(C) 1 V (D) 0.5 V
Sol. 60 Hence (D) is correct option
From above Vth = 0.5 V

Answer Sheet
1. (A) 13. (C) 25. (D) 37. (A) 49. (D)
2. (D) 14. (C) 26. (C) 38. (C) 50. (A)
3. (A) 15. (A) 27. (D) 39. (D) 51. (B)
4. (D) 16. (C) 28. (D) 40. (D) 52. (A)
5. (B) 17. (D) 29. (B) 41. (D) 53. (D)
6. (D) 18. (D) 30. (C) 42. (*) 54. (*)
7.
8.
(A)
(*)
19.
20.
(B)
(C)
et31.
32.
(C)
(A)
43.
44.
(D)
(C)
55.
56.
(C)
(B)
9. (C) 21. (A)
.n 33. (A) 45. (A) 57. (A)
10. (D) 22. (D)
ng 34. (B) 46. (C) 58. (D)

11.
12.
(D)
(B)
23.
24.
(D)
r
(A)i 35.
36.
(B)
(C)
47.
48.
(B)
(C)
59.
60.
(B)
(D)
ee
in
ng
ye
as
.E
w
w
w

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Q.1 - Q.20 carry one mark each.

Sol. 2 Overall gain of the system is written as

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Sol. 5 The increasing order of speed is as following

.nArmature current = 400 A

ee Internal vol. drop = 5 # 200

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Q. 8 Out of the following plant categories

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Sol. 11 Hence (D) is correct option.

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Sol. 13 NOR and NAND gates considered as universal gates.

At point A if speed -, Torque -

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Q. 16 An SCR is considered to be a semi-controlled device because

Here N =- 2 (` encirclement is in clockwise direction)

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(A) Two roots at s = ! j and one root in right half s -plane

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Q.21 to Q.60 carry two marks each.

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(A) 10p mA leading by 90% (B) 20p mA leading by 90%

Hence (D) is correct option.

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.nPower (Pout) = Av Ai Pin

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Q. 25 In an 8085 microprocessor, the contents of the Accumulator, after the following

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gi 0.1wp # 180c = 90c

(A) a " 2, b " 3, c " 4, d " 1

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Sol. 29 We know that

a Rating Efficiency Regulation (Pu.)

Generator-1 100 20 0.02

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et = 1 # 27.5 # 103 # b 2p # 3000 l MJ

Sol. 33 Given constraints x > y2 and y > x2

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GATE SOLVED PAPER - EE 2009

Cascaded as showing below

sy H (z) = (z2 + z1 + 1) (z3 + z2 + 1) H3 (z)

w H (z) " causal

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GATE SOLVED PAPER - EE 2009