DRUG INDUCED HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA HASHIMOTO’S THYROIDITIS

- Coating of RBC demonstrated by a positive DAT - Chronic autoimmune thyroiditis

- Drug adsorption - (+) anti- thyroglobulin
- Immune complex mechanism - Clinical picture:
- Membrane modification o Goiter, hypothyroidism and thyroid autoantibodies
o Cephalosporine o Symptoms of hypothroiditis
 Alter RBC membrane  Dry skin, decrease sweating, puffy face, edematous
 lysis eyelids, weight gain, and brittle hair
- Autoantibody o Hyperplasia
o Medthyldopa
o Levodopa GRAVE’S DISEASE
o Mefenamic acid - (+) Autoantibodies to thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
o Leads to over production of thyroid hormones
PERNICIOUS ANEMIA  Nervousness
- Chronic disease resulting from the non- absorption of vitamin B12  Insomnia
- Results to inability to secrete intrinsic factor  Depression
- Pernicious anemia is most common in late adult life  Weight loss
- The basic abnormality of the disease is severe atrophic gastritis  Heat intolerance
- Presence of IF- blocking antibody is diagnostic of PA  Sweating
 Rapid heart beat
IDIOPATHIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA  Palpitations
- Autoantibodies to platelets bind to many of the major platelet membrane  Breathlessness
glycoprotein
 Fatigue
- Platelet GpIIb/ IIa and GPIb/IX are the major antigens with which the
 Cardiac dysrhythmias
platelet autoantibody bind
 Restlessness
- The antibody coated platelets are destroyed
- Graves ophthalmopathy and Grave’s Dermopathy
- The number of platelets drastically decrease
- Classic symptom:
INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS
o Petechiae
- A condition caused by autoimmune responses against the beta cells in
o Bruising
pancreas resulting in destruction of beta cells
o Bleeding after minor trauma
- Self reactive cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) against the beta cells migrate to areas
of beta cells in pancreas
GOODPASTURE’S SYNDROME
- Autoantibodies to beta cells may activate the complement cascade and
- Autoantibodies to certain antigen on the membrane of kidney glomeruli
destroy beta cells
and lung alveoli formed
- Complement activation is evident after autoantibody bind membrane
MYASTHENIA GRAVIS
antigen
- Occurs in the neuromuscular junctions
- This may result to inflammatory reactions in lungs and kidney
- Binding of autoantibodies to acetylcholine receptors on the muscle cell
- The kidneys may be damage or patients may suffer from pulmonary
- Leads to breakdown in the normal communications between nerves and
hemorrhage
muscles
- Bleeding in the lungs are seen
- It is characterized by weakness and fatigue of skeletal muscle