SCI-1 EARTH SCIENCE

Exploratory Test: STARS and other bodies beyond the Solar system:
A. CHOICES. Choose the correct word/s inside the box to fill-in the blank/s

Circumpolar. Zodiac Big Dipper Milky Way Cassiopeia

Cepheus Draco apparent galaxy
Ursa Major Ecliptic Ursa Minor Polaris

1. __________ - Group of stars that appear to form a pattern in the sky. 88 recognized by
International
Astronomy Union
2. _________ - Band of 12 constellations along the ecliptic.
3. ____________ - – the plane of the Earth’s orbit around the sun
4. The _____________path that the sun (and planets) appear to move along against the
star background.
5. ___________Constellations - Can be seen all year long. Never fully set below the horizon
6. Appear to move counter clockwise around Polaris. Caused by Earth’s Rotation
7. Examples of Circumpolar Constellations
a..____________ – The Big Bear
b. _______________ – The Little Bear
c. ___________ – Queen on Her Throne
d. __________- The Dragon
e. ________________ The King
8. Earth turns west to east, Sky appears to turn _________________ direction
9. ___________ - Best known constellation. Common name is Big Dipper. Pointer stars-
front 2 stars
10. of the Big Dipper which point to ________________ (North Star)

B. CHOICES. Choose the correct word/s inside the box to fill-in the blank/s

Aldebaran Vega Sirius- Dwarf Stars Betelgeuse

Altair Pleiades Star Cluster Rigel Canis Major
Super Giant Red Giant Sirius- Taurus Deneb

13.Summer Constellations - 1st 3 bright stars that rise form the Summer Triangle
a. _______________ in Lyra the Harp
b. _______________- in Aquilla the Eagle
c. _____________– in Cygnus the Swan (Northern Cross)
14. Most Famous Winter Contellation
a. Orion Contains: - ______________ a bright red super giant star found forming Orion’s
right shoulder
b. _____________– a blue super giant: 7th brightest star in the nighttime sky
15. 3 Stars of Orion’s Belt - Can be used to find 2 other constellations & a star cluster
a. ________ (Big Dog) follow the line made by the 3 stars of Orion’s belt down to the left
b. __________ the brightest star in the nighttime sky is found in Canis Major
c. ____________ (the Bull) - Follow the line made by Orion’s belt up & to the right
16. __________- Red star that is the eye of the bull is the 13th brightest in the nighttime sky
17. Kinds of Stars
a._____________ - large red star at least 10x diameter of the sun . Old Stars. Ex.
Aldebaran
The sun will swell into a Red Giant when it is old
b.________________ – Largest of all stars 100x more luminous. Explode as a Super
Nova. Can form Black Holes
Ex. Betelgeuse, Rigel, Polaris
c. _______________ - Less luminous . Very dense, mostly carbon. Tightly packed nuclei.
Remains of a red giant
 that ran out of fuel. Most are red/orange/yellow. White dwarf is the exception to the
color.

C. CHOICES. Choose the correct word/s inside the box to fill-in the blank/s

giants Cepheid Variables Black hole magnitude

Binary Star Systems supergiants constellations
temperature Pulsars Parsec

18. ______________ is a yellow dwarf - Variable Stars - Change in brightness over regular
periods of time
Ex. Cepheid Variables/Pulsating Stars Binary Stars & Eclipsing Binary Stars
19. _______________ - Discovered in 1967 (LGM) - A distant heavenly object that emits
rapid pulses of light & radio waves. Formed when a Super Giant collapses; Protons &
Electrons are forced so close together that they fuse and form only neutrons.
23. The apparent brightness of a star is called its _____________.
24. ___________ is determined by its size, distance and temperature.
26. A ___________ is the distance traveled by light for 1 year at the speed of 300 000 km/s.
27. The color of the star tells about its ________
28. Permanent groupings of stars are called _____________.
29. Its gravitational field is so strong that even light cannot escape from it. The dying star
has become a ________________.
30. Permanent groupings of stars are called _______________.

D. CHOICES. Choose the correct word/s inside the box to fill-in the blank/s

Apparent magnitude Parsec 13 billion years negative

brightness light-years positive Absolute magnitude
color 30 billion years Parallax

40. A ______________is the distance at which a star would have a parallax of exactly 1
second is equal to 3.3 light-years
45. The _______________of the star is determined by the elements of the stars it contains.
46. Stars have their own lifetimes. The average lifespan of a star is ____________ years.
47. Magnitude describes the ___________ of a star
48. Two types of brightness:
a.___________ magnitude is the brightness we see here on Earth
b. ____________ magnitude is the actual brightness the star gives off. The more
negative the
number, the brighter the star is!
49. ____________is a method used to determine distance to a star.