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RICH GOLDEN SHOWER MONTESSORI CENTER

Senior High School Department
S.Y. 2020 – 2021

LEARNING PACKET IN SCIENCE 9

WEEK 26: APRIL 12 - 16, 2021

GENERAL DIRECTIONS: Write all answers in intermediate pad paper.

I. Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC)

1. Infer some characteristics of stars based on the characteristics of the Sun.
2. Observe how the position of a constellation changes in the course of a night
3. Show which constellations may be observed at different times of the year using models.

II. Topic: Constellations

- Characteristics of a Star
- Constellation
- Apparent Movement of Stars through the Night
- Constellations at Different Time of the Year

III. Discussions:

A. CHARACTERISTICS OF STAR
1. Color
- Star color ranges from red to blue. The color of the star indicates its surface
temperature. The table shows the surface temperature and color of different nearby
stars, including the Sun.
Table 1. Color and Temperature of Selected Stars
Star Color Surface Temperature in
Celsius (°C)
Sun Yellow 5,700
Proxima Centauri Red 2,300
Epsilon Iridani White 9,900
Vega White 9,900
Sirius white 10,000
Alnilam Blue 27,000

2. Brightness
- The brightness of a star as seen from the Earth depends on two factors – distance
and actual or absolute brightness. The star’s brightness as seen from Earth is its
apparent brightness – brightness depends on how far away a star is from the
Earth.
- To illustrate the effect of distance to apparent brightness, as compared to the Sun,
Sirius is about 27 times as powerful as the Sun, but Rigel has the power of many
thousands of the Suns. In terms of distance from the Earth, Rigel is almost 100
times farther away than Sirius. In terms of apparent brightness, Sirius is about twice
as bright as Rigel. Sirius looks very bright when viewed from Earth because it is
closer to Earth.
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- Astronomers consider the star’s absolute brightness when comparing stars.

Absolute brightness is the brightness of the star would have if all stars were the
same standard distance from Earth.
3. Size
- It is expressed in radius. Stars are classified as dwarf, giant or super giant. The Sun
is a dwarf star having a radius of 695,500 km.

B. CONSTELLATION
- Is a term used to describe the imaginary group of stars which appear to have been
forming a pattern or picture.
- Many of these constellations have names that can be traced back to early
Babylonians and Greek civilizations, nut nearly all cultures have different names
for the constellations. For example, the Greeks called large constellations Orion,
which means hunter and is prominent in the night sky all over the world during
winter. Early Filipinos visualized the same group as Balatik, a trap used in hunting
wild pigs. Christian Filipinos named the three stars (Orion’s belt) as Tatlong Maria
or Tres Marias.
- Overall, there are 88 constellations recognized by International Astronomical Union
and NASA.

C. APPARENT MOTION OF STARS THROUGH THE NIGHT

- By observing Sun’s movement and position in the sky, we can tell what time of the
day it is. When it seems to rise in the east, it is morning. When it is above us, it is
noon. When it seems to move towards the west, it is afternoon. At night, stars are
used to tell the time. Just like the Sun, stars also seem to move from East to West.
- Polaris, commonly known as North Star, is the brightest star in the constellation
Ursa Minor (Little Dipper). It is very close to the north celestial pole, making it the
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current northern pole star. Because it lies nearly in a direct line with the axis of the
Earth's rotation "above" the North Pole, Polaris stands almost motionless in the sky,
and all the stars of the Northern sky appear to rotate around it.
- In Figure 3, Polaris and the star trail are seen. Star trail is a type of photograph that
utilizes long exposure times to capture the apparent motion of stars in the night sky
due to the rotation of the Earth.

Figure 1. Polaris and the Star Trail over Mt. Pulag

- In Figure 2, Polaris as viewed from the Philippines (Quezon City). To locate the
Polaris, face North and locate the Big Dipper. To stars (Merak and Dubhe) in the
Big Dipper are called pointer stars because they seem to point to Polaris.
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D. CONSTELLATIONS AT DIFFERENT TIME OF THE YEAR

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IV. QUIZ 2

A. IDENTIFICATION
Direction. Identify the term described by the following statements.
1. Commonly known as the North star. _________________
2-3. The two stars of the big dipper which served as pointer to the North star.
______________, ______________.
4. They are imaginary group of stars which appear to have been forming a pattern or picture.
__________________.
5. The brightness depends on how far away a star is from the
Earth.____________________
6. A constellation which are more visible during February. _____________________
7. A star that is 27 times as powerful as the Sun. _____________
8. An example of a dwarf star. _____________
9. It is a type of photograph that utilizes long exposure times to capture the apparent motion
of stars in the night sky due to the rotation of the Earth. _________________
10. A constellation which are more visible during April. ____________________
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V. PERFORAMNCE TASK 2
Direction.
1. Pick a set of constellations from the lesson that you would want to show using
models. Remember to choose a month and not only one constellation.
2. Then, prepare the following materials:
• 1 pc. Black colored paper (canvas)
• White paint
• Ruler
• Pencil
• Brush
• White pen or correction pen
3. Using the white paint and brush, create the illusion of stars in the canvas.
4. Then, trace the constellations using the pencil or white pen.
5. You can also use a clay or any materials which you can mold to form stars.

Prepared by: Checked by: Noted and Approved by:

Ms. Marie Rose I. Daños Ms. Valentina Villa Mrs. Margaret Tan Bueno, MAEd.
Subject Teacher JHS Principal President and School Directress